About

Buffalo Soldier troopers in formation, ready for inspection in Cuba.

United States Army

African Americans served in the U.S. Military during the Civil War and continued to serve afterwards. Many of these soldiers went on to fight in the Spanish-American War and the Philippine-American War. Although the pay was low, only $13 a month, many African Americans enlisted because they could earn more and be treated with more dignity than they often received in civilian life.

In 1866, Congress established six all-black regiments (consolidated to four shortly after) to help rebuild the country after the Civil War and to fight on the Western frontier during the "Indian Wars." It was from one of these regiments, the 10th Cavalry, that the nickname Buffalo Soldier was born. American Plains Indians who fought against these soldiers referred to the black cavalry troops as "buffalo soldiers" because of their dark, curly hair, which resembled a buffalo's coat and because of their fierce nature of fighting. The nickname soon became synonymous with all African-American regiments formed in 1866.

In addition to their military duties, the Buffalo Soldiers also served as some of the first care takers of the national parks. Between 1891 and 1913, the U.S. Army served as the official administrator of Yosemite and Sequoia National Parks. The soldiers were stationed at the Presidio of San Francisco during the winter months and then served in the Sierra during the summer months. While in the parks, soldier's duties included fighting wildfire, curbing poaching of the park's wildlife, ending illegal grazing of livestock on federal lands, and constructing roads, trail and other infrastructure. In 1903, Captain Charles Young led a company of Buffalo Soldiers in Sequoia and General Grant (now Sequoia and King's Canyon) National Parks. Young and his troops managed to complete more infrastructure improvements than those from the previous three years. They completed a road to the Giant Forest and a road to the base of Moro Rock. Their work on these new roads now allowed the public to access the mountain-top forest for the first time.

The Buffalo Soldier regiments went on to serve the U.S. Army with distinction and honor for nearly the next five decades. With the disbandment of the 27th Cavalry on December 12, 1951, the last of the storied Buffalo Soldiers regiments came to an end.

Quicklinks

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  Time and Time Again

  Buffalo Soldiers Timeline

  Search through the different eras of the Buffalo Soldiers history to read stories from specific periods.

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  On the Frontier

  Service in the West

  The stories of the Buffalo Soldiers that served on the frontier in the late 19th century and early 20th century.

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  First Rangers

  In the National Parks

  Buffalo Soldiers served as the first rangers for the country's new national parks, long before the creation of the National Park Service.

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  The Life and Times

  Life as a Buffalo Soldier

  What was it like to be a black man serving in a segregated Army? Read the stories of the men who lived it.

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  Ready, Forward!

  Buffalo Soldiers Regiments

  Here you'll find the stories of the Buffalo Soldiers sorted by the regiments of which the men served in.

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  The People

  Individuals

  Here you'll find the stories of the individuals that make the legacy of the Buffalo Soldiers what it is today.