What is Biodiversity?

(Bio = Life) + (Diversity = Variety)
Biodiversity = Variety of Life
A small, brown pika hides among rocks.
A small, brown pika hides among rocks.

JR Douglass, NPS Photo.

Biological diversity (or biodiversity) is the variety of life on Earth. It includes all living things, not just the plants and animals that are common or easily seen. It includes species that are not well known, such as microorganisms or invertebrates. Biodiversity refers to life on land, in the water, in the air, in deserts and caves—even in hot springs or glaciers!

Mushroom
Mushroom.

NPS Photo.

The term biodiversity encompasses life at all its levels, from ecosystems to species to genes. To study biodiversity is to study the complete web of life that makes Earth the only known planet upon which the human species can live.

Explore biodiversity stories

Showing results 1-10 of 222

  • Cuyahoga Valley National Park

    Restoring Butterfly Habitat at Terra Vista

    • Locations: Cuyahoga Valley National Park
    Yellow butterfly with a lime green eye hangs on a stalk with many small, white flowers.

    Citizen scientists monitoring butterflies at the Terra Vista Natural Study Area provide important data for the habitat restoration team.

    • Locations: Cuyahoga Valley National Park
    A man smiles and raises his arms as he poses inside the hollow trunk of a massive tree.

    For Cleveland’s 225th anniversary, park staff tracked down the last Moses Cleaveland Tree living in Cuyahoga Valley.

    • Locations: Glacier National Park
    A butterfly rests on a pencil that a citizen scientist is using to record butterfly species.

    During the summer of 2017, the CCRLC hosted two BioBlitz events: the Waterton-Glacier Mushroom BioBlitz and the Waterton-Glacier Butterfly BioBlitz. Nearly 150 participants joined in helping resource managers gather data on the diverse array of fungus and butterfly species found in Glacier National Park.

    • Locations: Rocky Mountain National Park
    • Offices: Inventory and Monitoring Division, Rocky Mountain Inventory & Monitoring Network
    Three researchers sit beside a stream recording data.

    The Inventory and Monitoring Division explored the effects of the Cameron Peak and East Troublesome Fires on trout, their habitat, and their food sources in Rocky Mountain National Park. The results show that high-elevation trout are resilient, providing valuable insight for park managers making conservation decisions.

    • Locations: War In The Pacific National Historical Park
    • Offices: Inventory and Monitoring Division, Pacific Island Inventory & Monitoring Network
    A tan snail on a branch next to a finger. The snail is smaller than the person

    War in the Pacific National Historical Park is working to protect Guam’s biodiversity by managing invasive species like brown tree snakes and little fire ants while safeguarding native wildlife, including the endangered Guam tree snail. A recent study assessed the park’s Guam tree snail population, providing essential data to inform conservation efforts aimed at restoring the island’s fragile ecosystem.

    • Locations: Cuyahoga Valley National Park
    • Offices: Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network, Natural Resource Condition Assessment Program
    View down a wooded hillside with sunlight filtering through green leaves.

    The Columbia Sensitive Resource Zone in Cuyahoga Valley National Park is a case study in trying to find a sustainable balance between resource conservation and recreation. Learn more about the sensitive resource zone and how park visitors can engage in shared stewardship.

  • Jacob Job records natural sounds in a dense forest setting at Rocky Mountain National Park.

    When the howling started in predawn darkness, natural sound recordist Jacob Job signaled to his research assistant to stop. Wolves. Cold and crouched in snow in the remote backcountry of the park with microphones and recording gear to the ready, the Colorado State University (CSU) scientists waited and listened. Silence. Then … the stealthy sound of crunching footsteps approaching.

  • Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Directorate

    Teaming Up for Science

    • Offices: Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Directorate
    two women sit on sandy area and catalog dragonfly larvae into plastic bags and containers

    A new partnership began in October 2021 and supports science and stewardship activities that benefit both parks and their local communities. Over the next five years parks and their communities will collaborate to identify and address their scientific priorities. Projects in the first year will focus on water quality, marine biodiversity, and preservation of night skies.

    • Locations: Assateague Island National Seashore, Denali National Park & Preserve, Glacier National Park, Lewis and Clark National Historical Park, Lowell National Historical Park,
    • Offices: National Natural Landmarks Program
    A group of young people surround a man in an NPS uniform holding a net next to a stream

    Through the power of partnerships, the Dragonfly Mercury Project elevated the importance of a commonly found insect. It also showed that citizen science can be a potent research tool.

    • Locations: Rocky Mountain National Park
    A lake surrounded by snow-capped peaks and evergreen trees.

    Wildly popular Rocky Mountain National Park wanted to assess the extent of resource damage from all that love. It needed the help of some ardent supporters.

Last updated: March 4, 2019

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