Vegetation Map

The parkwide vegetation map—the first vegetation map since the 1930s—was created over a 10-year period. It combines detailed data from 1,500 aerial photographs and hundreds of field surveys to provide information on floristic classification. The map was created by collapsing the 129 distinct vegetation classes into eight broad vegetation types. The inset reveals the high-spatial resolution.

 

A buffer area beyond the park has been included in the 1997 vegetation mapping survey finished in 2007.

What Is a Vegetation Map?

A vegetation map is just what it sounds like: a map that depicts vegetation. A vegetation map is critical information for any land manager, whether the land is managed for agriculture or forestry or recreation, and is relevant to just about every issue a land manager has to face. It provides an in-depth look at plant communities as they relate to elevation, geology, topography, and soils. This baseline data is valuable information to park managers for managing forests, watershed, wildlife, and fire, among other things. A vegetation map of Yosemite National Park and lands immediately adjacent to the park has recently been completed. This Geographic Information System (GIS) project was initiated in 1997. It replaces the vegetation map developed in the 1930s and views vegetation as ecological communities instead of clumps of large trees. For instance, areas mapped in the 1930s as ponderosa pine are mapped today as ponderosa pine with mountain misery, or with shrubs, or with grass, or with no understory (leaf litter). Ecologically, these different types of ponderosa pine communities behave differently.

 

The large swaths of color depict the 1937 vegetation classification while the overlaid lines show the new vegetation classification illustrating the more detailed data in the current map.

How Was the Vegetation
Map Created?

Creation of the vegetation map was a complex process, with many phases, through GIS. The vegetation of the project area is incredibly diverse due to changes in elevation, and diverse bedrock, soil types, and moisture regimes within the area: grasslands and chaparral in the west, forests in the mid-elevations, alpine zones in the high elevations, and sagebrush communities in the east. The first phase was to acquire custom aerial photography for the area to be mapped. More than 1,500 photos were taken, and each one had to be individually analyzed. Later phases included delineating polygons (areas) of distinct vegetation types, establishment of ecological plots to relate the aerial photographs to on-the-ground data, development of a classification scheme to assign names to those polygons, and accuracy assessment of the final product. There were 220 types identified over 1.4 million acres as map possibilities, although not all are vegetation types. The vegetation map of Yosemite is a multi-agency project. (See specifics below.)

How Will the Vegetation Map Be Used?

The vegetation map has many applications for resource managers including:

• Fire management: Comparing the new vegetation map with the data gathered in the 1930s has shown that in areas where severe fires occurred, forest vegetation has changed to shrubland. Fire management vegetation data translates into a fuels (dead and down woody debris and flammable vegetation) map so that fire crews can model more accurately how a fire will behave in certain areas. This is important for fighting wildfires as well as for managing prescribed burns within the park.
• Wildlife management: An understanding of where certain plant communities are occurring allows for a better idea of where different animals are likely to be found. It provides information relating to available habitat and food resources for those animals, which in turn allows wildlife managers to better assess how a species is faring and what the population numbers of those species should be.
• Analyzing vegetation: The vegetation map is an important tool for understanding the extent and pattern of old growth forests, predicting rare plant habitat, modeling the spread of invasive species, and modeling how vegetation might change under various climate change scenarios.
• Also: Applications for watershed management, archeological site prediction, general park planning, vista management and carbon sequestration data.

Learn More about GIS: GIS is used by Yosemite National Park scientists to document the locations of many different types of features--allowing specialists to create, edit, display, and analyze locations of point-, line-, or polygon-type features.

 

This project was funded by the NPS Inventory and Monitoring program, NPS Fire Management program, Yosemite Fund, City and County of San Francisco, and the U.S. Geological Survey. Partners in data collection include the NPS, USGS, Environmental Systems Research
Institute, Aerial Information Systems, California Native Plant Society, California Department of Fish & Game, The Nature Conservancy, and Nature Serve.