Hiking routes within Valles Caldera range from easy strolls to steep climbs. The land that today comprises Valles Caldera National Preserve was a private ranch for over 150 years, so the majority of hiking routes follow old logging and ranching roads, passing through open meadows and dense forest. They can also traverse areas burned by forest fires, so it is important to be cautious of deadfall. Check with rangers to get up-to-date trail and weather conditions before heading out.
As Valles Caldera National Preserve is a relatively new unit of the National Park Service, trails, roads, and points of interest are largely unmarked at this time. If you plan to hike at Valles Caldera, particularly in the backcountry, please be aware that many old road traces intersect the park's trails and can cause confusion if you do not have a map, compass/GPS, and proficient navigational skills.
The Cabin District Trail is a short and gentle route traversing the historic ranch headquarters for Baca Land & Cattle Company. Interpretive signs along the trail describe each building and its purpose in the ranching operation that persisted here for nearly a century.
A 0.3-mile (0.5 km) walk along the Sulphur Creek Trail leads hikers to Sulphur Springs, a site bubbling with geothermal features like acidic hot and cold springs, mudpots, and fumaroles. This area was once used for sulfur mining, geothermal energy exploration, and a hot springs health resort/spa.
For details about the geothermal features you'll encounter, check out the self-guided Sulphur Springs Geology Tour in the National Park Service smartphone app!
The South Mountain Trail is an 8.2-mile (13.2 km) out-and-back hike that heads up a narrow valley before climbing, sometimes steeply, up the north side of South Mountain. The trail passes through shady groves of trees before reaching a lovely meadow at the top. Some of the best views of Valle Grande can be had from the summit.
This 1.5-mile (2.4 km) hiking loop circles Cerro La Jara, the smallest volcanic dome in the park, which formed about 500,000 years ago when lava oozed up and onto the caldera floor.
This 3.4-mile (5.5 km) out-and-back trail features breathtaking views along the East Fork Jemez River as it flows toward the southwestern corner of the park.
This pet-friendly, 2-mile (3.2 km) out-and-back trail quickly drops down the southeastern rim of the caldera to reach the edge of Valle Grande, offering sweeping views and excellent opportunities for elk viewing, especially early in the morning or late afternoon/early evening.
Both the Rabbit Mountain Loop (2.9 miles/4.7 km round-trip) and Rabbit Ridge Trail (additional 2.4 miles/3.8 km out-and-back) traverse along the southern rim of the caldera, offering great views of Valle Grande and Redondo Peak.
The Cerro Del Medio Loop is 13.8 miles (22.2 km) round-trip and combines 4 different trails within Valles Caldera: Obsidian Valley Trail, Posos Trail, Rincon Trail, and East Valle Grande Trail. Although the trail is long, it is very nearly flat and may be hiked in either direction. Excellent opportunities for elk sightings.
This strenuous, 12.2-mile (19.6 km) trail follows Sulphur Creek, passing through an old sulphur mining area, before turning eastward to skirt beautiful Valle Seco. It slowly climbs the ridge at the edge of Valle Seco before dropping back down Alamo Canyon, passing three geothermal ponds along the way. Best hiked clockwise. GPS required, especially for Alamo Canyon.
This strenuous, 11-mile (17.7 km) out-and-back trail heads south from Valle San Antonio, up a narrow drainage, and then steadily climbs as it passes through several beautiful glades before terminating just below the summit of San Antonio Mountain. Good opportunities for wildflowers, especially in spring and fall.
While this 21.2-mile (34.1 km) out-and-back trail is the longest in the park, it is not steep, and it has much to offer: pretty, extensive aspen groves, hidden high meadows, excellent opportunities for elk sightings, and rarely seen views of Redondo Peak. This is a great trail for trail runners and mountain bikers.
The Indios Creek Trail is a 7.8-mile (12.6 km) hike that climbs gently up to the northern boundary of the park. This trail follows a creek, passes an old cabin from the ranching era, and ends just beyond a beautiful, hidden valley.
This 7.2-mile (11.6 km) loop gently ascends a lava dome and then contours around it, offering unparalleled views of much of the eastern half of the caldera.
This strenuous, 11.2-mile (18 km) trail ascends a narrow drainage before circling around Cerro Seco lava dome, offering good views of Valle Seco and the northern rim of the caldera, with the best views saved for last. If you keep an eye out you might even spot pikas. Best hiked counterclockwise.
This strenuous, 7.6-mile (12.2 km) out-and-back route climbs steeply up the north rim of the caldera to reach the northern boundary fence line and then terminates in a lovely high meadow with spectacular views of the entire preserve. This route gains almost 1,800 feet in just 3.8 miles.
Currently the only camping within the preserve is by Special Use Permit, however as a newer unit of the National Park Service, Valles Caldera is working hard to improve access. As we move forward into the important stages of planning and responsible development to improve visitor access while protecting the cultural and natural resources that make this place so special, your input is critical and will be solicited on the National Park Service Planning Page.
The National Park Service smartphone app is your one-stop shop for trip planning information for more than 400 national parks across the U.S. Download from the App Store or Google Play.
NPS
Know Before you Go
Any destination beyond the Cabin District requires a backcountry vehicle pass. Passes are limited and available seasonally as conditions allow. Be sure to check the operating hours for the main gate closing times. See the map for more details.
At this time, pets are prohibited in the majority of the park with the exception of service animals. Dogs are allowed in specially designated areas (Cerro La Jara Loop, South Valle Grande Trail, Rabbit Mountain Trail, Cabin District, and Welcome Station parking area) and must be leashed at all times. Dogs are not permitted in vehicles beyond the Cabin District. The Santa Fe National Forest, which surrounds the preserve, offers even more hiking options for those with pets.
Even on short day hikes, carry your "ten essentials" including maps, compass, and/or GPS, sun protection, clothing layers, illumination with extra batteries, first aid supplies, repair kits and tools, food, water, and emergency shelter.
Hunting occurs in some areas of the preserve every spring and fall. Hikers should wear bright colors and use situational awareness during these seasons. Check the dates on the hunting page for more details.
Remember, safety is your responsibility. Let a friend or family member know your itinerary.
High Elevation Dangers
Much of Valles Caldera is over 8,000 feet in elevation. Even very fit individuals coming from lower elevations may experience altitude problems. Symptoms include headaches, shortness of breath, insomnia and rapid heartbeat. After a few days, your body will have made some physiological adjustments to higher elevations, but full acclimation may take weeks. To minimize symptoms, drink plenty of fluids, avoid alcohol, don't skip meals, and get plenty of rest. Ultraviolet light is stronger in the mountains because there is less atmosphere for the sunlight to pass through. Wear sunscreen, a hat, sun glasses and consider wearing a long-sleeved shirt if you are out in the sun for an extended period of time.
Hiking Seasons and Conditions
The summer season runs from approximately May 15–November 14 (conditions permitting), during which time the backcountry is accessible. Many hiking trails are accessed via the backcountry vehicle route and are only accessible during the summer season. Frontcountry trails can be enjoyed year-round, with possibilities for snowshoeing and cross-country skiing in winter. All routes are well above 8,000 feet in elevation, and many are highly exposed, which can be hazardous during monsoon season (generally June–August) due to lightning. It is possible to experience all four seasons in one day, and weather conditions can change rapidly, so be sure to be properly equipped with adequate clothing, including rain gear. This landscape has suffered extensive damage from wildfires, so do not linger when passing through a burned area and do not enter a burned area in high winds. Some routes pass through drainages or dry streambeds (arroyos), which can flood without warning.
Water
Due to the high elevation and dry climate, you must drink more water here than in other places, regardless of season. Always carry adequate water (2-3 liters per person per day). There is no drinking water available on the preserve except for the bottled water available for purchase at the entrance station. Water from East Fork, Jaramillo Creek, San Antonio Creek, and any other springs is not safe to drink. Boil or treat water from these sources before using.
Navigation
The maze of logging and ranching roads of the past creates excellent avenues into this beautiful landscape, but navigation can be confusing. Some signage exists, but as a new unit to the National Park Service, Valles Caldera is in the process of developing its trail management and maintenance plan. Improvements to some routes will be made, while others may be decommissioned. For your safety, please take a map and compass or GPS. Some smartphone applications can also help you navigate, but be sure to pick one that is functional in "airplane mode" and offline. Avenza Maps has a free version, and once downloaded, you can search their library of maps. In the library, search for the free Valles Caldera National Preserve map. Make sure to download it to your phone before leaving your service area. Using Avenza, this map will show you in real time, where you are within the preserve. Be sure to put your device into airplane mode so that you conserve battery life, and always have a paper map for backup.
Wildlife
Valles Caldera is home to a wide variety of animals: elk, black bears, mountain lions, coyotes, badgers, and prairie dogs, as well as many species of birds, fish, smaller mammals, and reptiles. Do not approach or attempt to touch any wildlife. In the event that you encounter a black bear or mountain lion, raise your arms to appear as large as possible, make a lot of noise, throw rocks, back away slowly, and avoid eye contact. Do not run, and if it charges, stand your ground and fight back.
Last updated: February 20, 2025
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Contact Info
Mailing Address:
090 Villa Louis Martin Dr.
Jemez Springs,
NM
87025
Phone:
505-670-1612
Ranger Station (for general park information)
