Moths of Pinnacles National Park

Pacific Green Sphinx Moth

Photo by Gavin Emmons

Pinnacles’ Night Flyers: A Guide to Moths

The moths at Pinnacles vary greatly in size, from those smaller than a gnat to ones larger than a hummingbird. While most moths are nocturnal, a fair number are active only during daylight hours. Although many moths appear drab when at rest, some reveal brightly colored hind wings in flight, and even the seemingly plain ones often display intricate wing patterns. The peak season for moths is late spring, but they can be observed throughout the year. On calm, warm, moonless nights, dozens of species can be seen gathering around a single light, along with other insects attracted to light and predators such as bats, salamanders, toads, night lizards, and spiders.

Estimating Moth Diversity at Pinnacles

Currently, we do not know the exact number of moth species at Pinnacles, but efforts are underway to find out. A common method for estimating moth numbers is to multiply the number of butterfly species by 15. With 69 known species of butterflies in the park, this yields an estimate of around 1,000 moth species. From September 2002 to 2003, the park conducted a year-long intensive black light trapping study. With additional funding, further studies will be conducted in different locations and seasons. Ongoing efforts include collecting moths using black lights, porch lights, and nets during the day. We estimate that these methods will allow us to identify about 75% of the moth species present, and the current total stands at around 500 species, with more specimens awaiting identification.

Why Study Moths?

Understanding and protecting natural resources is a core mission at Pinnacles. Studying moths helps us know what species exist here so that we can better protect them. By identifying moths, we can consult experts and publications to gather information that aids in their conservation. Our research also contributes to the broader body of knowledge about moths and may even lead to the discovery of species not previously known to science.

Moths play a crucial role in the Pinnacles ecosystem. For every adult moth observed, there are many caterpillars feeding on plants, converting plant material into food for other animals. Moth caterpillars contribute more plant material to the food web than any other group of animals, making them an essential component of the park’s wildlife. Without moths, Pinnacles would be a very different place.

For more information:

Moth Checklist of Pinnacles National Park