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Showing 37 results for monsoon ...
Scenic Drive Stop 7
- Type: Article

In what is now the mesa-top Pueblo of Acoma, men with effeminate physical attributes or personal tendencies were known by many names including mujerado, qo-qoy-mo, and kokwina. They dressed and lived as women, had relationships with men, and fulfilled women's roles in the community. Much like today's queer culture, mujerados of Acoma appear to have experienced varied levels of cultural acceptance.
Charles Bent
- Type: Person

Charles Bent, alongside his partner, Ceran St. Vrain, and younger brother, William Bent, established the Bent, St. Vrain, and Company along the Santa Fe Trail in 1833. This adobe-constructed trading post beside the Arkansas River in southeastern Colorado was the first outpost between St. Louis, MO and Santa Fe, NM in its day. Charles and William's close association with Cheyenne and Arapaho nations enabled the company to prosper as a result of the buffalo robe trade.
Tatáypi Point
Marie LeFevere Bailly
- Type: Person

Part Odawa and part French, the highly respected and traditionally skilled Marie “Mo-nee” Bailly lived through rapidly changing times; she experienced shifting control over the Northwest Territory and the detrimental effects of manifest destiny on Indigenous American peoples. She resolutely oversaw the family and homestead on the Little Calumet River for more than 30 years after the death of her husband, raising their children and grandchildren in an ever-foreign world.
- Type: Article

Understanding changes in climate, groundwater, and surface water is key to assessing the condition of natural and cultural resources on national parks. At Fort Bowie National Historic Site we conduct long-term monitoring of climate, groundwater, and springs to provide early warning of potential problems, allowing managers to mitigate them before they become worse. In water year 2022, precipitation was boosted by an above average monsoon season.
- Type: Article

At Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, springs and tinajas provide important ecosystem services for one of the most biologically diverse protected areas in the Sonoran Desert. The Sonoran Desert Network monitors climate, groundwater, and springs at this park. Understanding changes in these closely linked factors helps managers make informed decisions affecting both natural and cultural resources. Learn about our recent findings.
- Type: Article

Climate change is a major driver of bird population declines and is feared to be negatively affecting species abundances in the drought-stricken southwestern United States. We analyzed twelve years of bird monitoring data (2007-2018) from six national parks and monuments on the Colorado Plateau to obtain habitat- and park-specific, breeding-season population trends and understand how they are influenced by important climate variables.
- Type: Article

Sonoran Desert Network scientists monitor key resources and weather at Gila Cliff Dwellings National Monument by taking measurements throughout the year to understand changes over time. This report summarizes analyses of weather and springs data from Water Year 2022. The data indicate the park had a noteworthy heavy monsoon season, and the two monitored springs continue to be wet year-round. Air temperatures were similar to previous averages.
Signs of Life, Self-Guided Tour Stop 5
Pony Express National Historic Trail
- Type: Place

It is hard to believe that young men once rode horses to carry mail from Missouri to California in the unprecedented time of only 10 days. This relay system along the Pony Express National Historic Trail in eight states was the most direct and practical means of east-west communications before the telegraph. The trail traverses 8 states: CA, UT, CO, NV, WY, NE, KS, & MO. It is administered by the National Trails Office Regions 6|7|8 in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
Coronado Picnic Trail
- Type: Place

The historic trails passed through this area in the field that is directly across from the National Frontier Trails Museum. Evidence of the trails can still be seen in the field in the form of swales, which marks the exact route used by emigrants as they traveled westward. The museum is currently temporarily located at 416 W. Maple Ave., Independence, MO 64050.
Caleb Worcester
- Type: Article

This report summarizes the Sonoran Desert Network’s analyses of weather, groundwater, and springs data from Water Year 2022 in Chiricahua National Monument. Monitoring these important natural resources at the park helps us understand changes over time. The data indicate the park had a heavy monsoon season and is not in drought, though most months had far below average precipitation. The groundwater was higher than in WY2021, though surface water springs show signs of drying.
Auto Tour Route Interpretive Guides: Oregon Trail
- Type: Article

Download one of these booklets and begin your state by state trail adventure! The Auto Tour Route (ATR) guides provide an overview of local trail history while giving driving directions to suggested points of interest along the trail. There are auto tour route guides available for the trail across MO, KS, NE, CO, ID, WY, WA, & OR.
- Type: Place

Follow along the same path traveled by thousands of homesteaders, prospectors, and entrepreneurs. The Missouri River carried them to the Upper Independence landing two miles north of here. With their wagons loaded, they headed to town in Independence for final preparations. These the first miles of the overland journey to California, Oregon, and Santa Fe.