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Shirley Graham Dubois (1896-1977)

Type: Person

Before Shirley Graham married W.E.B. Du Bois in 1951, she had earned a national reputation as a playwright, composer, conductor, director, and author. Born to a A.M.E. minister and a European mother, Graham was raised to appreciate Black culture and music. From a young age, her parents instilled in her the importance of social justice and the uplift of the Black Community. For her lifelong dedication, we honor her as an ancestor.

Hallie Quinn Brown (ca. 1850- 1949)

Type: Person

There are people who give great speeches, and they there are those who perform them. Hallie Quinn Brown was one of the few who perform speeches. In her era, she was recognized as one of the greatest elocutionists across two continents, Europe and America. Though she rarely appears in history books, Brown’s legacy can be found in today’s speech-language pathologists and spoken word artists. She lectured widely on the cause of temperance, women’s suffrage, and civil rights. We

Adams National Historical Park

How the Role of Secretary of State Pushed John Quincy Adams to the Presidency

Type: Article

John Quincy Adams had an impressive resume even before he became President of the United States. He started as a lawyer and a political commentator and was a diplomat to important European countries such as Russia and Great Britain. He even served as a U.S. Senator from 1803 to 1808. Yet, an important role that Adams held, which pushed him toward the presidency, was serving as Secretary of State in President James Monroe's cabinet.

Dwight D. Eisenhower Memorial: Homecoming Speech

Type: Place

Dwight Eisenhower returned to Abilene on June 22, 1945 to a parade welcoming him home and honoring his leadership in Europe during World War II. After watching the celebration, his grateful acceptance of the recognition began with the above quote. He went on to say that this parade was not just for him; he was only a "symbol" of the soldiers, sailors and airmen who helped bring Allied victory.

Stonewall National Monument

Stormé DeLarverie

Type: Person

Stormé DeLarverie was a butch lesbian with zero tolerance for discrimination, or as she called it, “ugliness.” She was born in New Orleans on Christmas Eve to a Black mother and white father. She had a beautiful baritone voice and discovered a love for jazz at a very early age. She started singing in New Orleans clubs at 15, and soon after began touring around Europe, eventually landing in New York City.

Gender and Sexuality in Native America: Many People, Many Meanings

Type: Article

Research indicates well over 100 instances of diverse gender expression in Native American tribes at the time of early European contact. The cultural legacy of these people was nearly erased by religious indoctrination and the imposition of laws criminalizing varied sexuality and gender expression. This erasure makes discovering and discussing such a diverse heritage difficult; in many cases, the only remaining record is that of the colonizer.

Grand Portage National Monument

Fingerweaving

Type: Article

Fingerweaving is the art of making material with the fingers instead of a loom. Prior to European contact Indigenous peoples in North America wove and twined with plants and animal fibers for a multitude of purposes. We know the beautiful, dense, warp-faced arrow and lightning motif sashes created by changing the weft that we associate with the Fur Trade are uniquely tied to North America.

Fort Scott National Historic Site

The Osage

Type: Article

Before the arrival of Europeans, the Osage Indians roamed a vast domain in the heart of North America. Although the Osage were a proud and powerful tribe, they could not withstand the pressure of European civilization. Soon after French fur trappers established contact with the Osages in the 1670s, their way of life began to change.

Fort Stanwix National Monument

Henry Bakeman

Type: Person

Henry Bakeman enlisted in April 1781, after British and Mohawk troops had destroyed his home village of Stone Arabia in October 1780. Involved first in carrying packages from one Patriot fort to another, resulting in “many skirmishes with the Indiana & Tories,” by late 1782 Bakeman found himself involved in what would be the last engagement of the Revolutionary War. Disaster awaited them. Bakeman’s story was well-documented through his pension record in 1834.

Tyonajanegan — “Two Kettles Together"

Type: Person

Tyonajanegen, or "Two Kettles Together," was fierce woman who accompanied her husband, other Oneida warriors, and American militias fighting in the American Revolution.

Fort Stanwix National Monument

The Battle of Oriskany: "Blood Shed a Stream Running Down" (Teaching with Historic Places)

Type: Article

By the time of the Revolutionary War, Dutch, German, Irish, Scotch, and British settlers prospered from lucrative trade and productive farms. Yet the whole area suffered from long-established prejudices and hatred between groups and individuals. When war broke out, European Americans and American Indians fought each other for control of New York's political power, land, and commerce. No episode better captures the brutal civil war than the Battle of Oriskany.

Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area

Langlee Island

Type: Place

Eleven miles South of Boston, in the middle of Hingham Bay sits an eight-acre island called Langlee Island. Its closest in distance to Sarah, Ragged, and Button Islands. Similar to other islands in the harbor, local indigenous communities likely accessed the island seasonally before European settlers arrived.

Dock Square

Type: Place

The Massachusett Tribe has lived with and stewarded the Shawmut Peninsula for thousands of years. When European colonists arrived, they claimed and transformed the landscape. Settlers cut down the three hills of downtown Boston, filled in salt marshes and beaches, and built permanent structures along the shore. This place first became known as Bendall’s Cove, then the Town Dock, and later, Dock Square. Today, parts of historic Dock Square make up Sam Adams Park.

Castle Island

Type: Place

One of five peninsulas in Boston Harbor, Castle Island boasts 22- acres of land, a little more than two miles of walking trails, and the oldest fortified site in what was considered British North America. The former island has been connected to the mainland since 1928.

Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area

Apple Island

Type: Place

Formerly a 10-acre island, Apple Island became absorbed by Boston Logan Airport as part of a runway expansion project in the 1950s, the island has since disappeared.1 Like other islands in the harbor, indigenous people in the area likely accessed the island seasonally for thousands of years. After European colonization, the town of Boston owned the island and used it for pasturage.

Fredericksburg & Spotsylvania National Military Park

Ellwood Grounds

Type: Place

First constructed in the 1700s, Ellwood is best known for its association with the Battles of Chancellorsville and the Wilderness during the Civil War. However, this place has a much wider and more expansive history. Learn about the people who first inhabited this land and the ways that colonial settlement altered the physical landscape.

The Porters, the Canoe Landing, and the Fountain Pose

Type: Article

The fur trade drove the exploration, mapping, and early settlement of much of North America by Euro-Americans. Many fur trade-period objects and technologies remain at the Grand Portage site complex (site 21CK12), the Fort Charlotte site complex (site 21CK7), and the Grand Portage trail corridor (site 21CK6), bringing the diversity of fur trade life and routines into sharper focus.

Yellowstone National Park

Lamar Valley - Wildlife Watching

Type: Place

From Contact to Present: Indigenous Chesapeake

Type: Article

This timeline provides an overview of major historical events affecting the Chesapeake's Indigenous peoples since the time of European arrival. Beginning with the first interactions with Spanish explorers in the late 1500s and concluding in the present day, this timeline describes some of the major impacts of colonization on the Chesapeake's Indigenous communities.

Indiana Dunes National Park

Bailly Cemetery

Type: Place

With the earliest burial in 1827, the Joseph Bailly Cemetery is the oldest Euro-American cemetery in Porter County, Indiana. Reflecting its appearance from 1914, the cemetery is part of the Bailly Homestead National Historic Landmark, designated in 1962.

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