Article

West Branch Grows, 1851-1874

Herbert Hoover National Historic Site

Trees in autumn foliage line a gravel street and obscure 1800s houses.
Historic homes and trees line the trace of Downey Street

NPS Photo by John Tobiason

West Branch was barely a year-old settlement when Baltimore native Aaron Baker came in 1852. He claimed the free land he had received from the United States government for his service in the Mexican War. Baker promptly sold all 160 acres of it for about a dollar apiece.

By the time John Wetherell purchased five acres in 1869, the price of land had risen considerably. The new real estate developer set about subdividing his property into town lots, and also decided to name a nearby street after himself. The four historic homes on Poplar Street today, the E.S. Hayhurst, Mary Wright, James Staples, and David Mackey houses are the same that stood there when Herbert Hoover was a child.

West Branch boomed between 1869 and 1873. New buildings constructed in the neighborhood near the Hoovers’ small cottage on Downey Street included the Laban Miles House, the Amanda Garvin House, and the Methodist Church, which is no longer standing. When the Burlington, Cedar Rapids & Northern Railroad arrived in West Branch on December 20, 1870, two hundred of the town’s residents celebrated with a picnic dinner.

When Herbert Hoover was born in 1874, West Branch was beginning a long period of growth and general prosperity that lasted through the early part of the 20th century. Commercial downtown buildings from that time remain and are part of the West Branch Commercial Historic District.

Farther up Downey Street to the south were the P.T. Smith and Hannah Varney houses. Those homes, and others, were neighbors to the Hoovers in their second home, the "House of the Maples," which no longer stands.

Later additions to the neighborhood included the L.J. Leech and C.E. Smith houses, both part of the historic site today.

Historic Homes

Showing results 1-10 of 13

  • Herbert Hoover National Historic Site

    L.J. Leech House

    • Locations: Herbert Hoover National Historic Site
    A picket fence encloses a white two-story house with a porch.

    For thirty-six years Dr. L.J. Leech, a Civil War veteran and graduate of Iowa State University, had lived in the Laban Miles House next door; renting it at first in 1884, and then buying it two years later when the bank foreclosed on the home. By 1920, the well-liked country doctor and Iowa legislator decided to have a new home built for himself.

  • Herbert Hoover National Historic Site

    Hannah Varney House

    • Locations: Herbert Hoover National Historic Site
    A painting depicts a two-story cream colored house with brown trim.

    Hannah Varney built this house in 1899 shortly after divorcing her husband. The West Branch Times described the house as being of "fine appearance and finished in modern style."

  • Herbert Hoover National Historic Site

    Amanda Garvin House

    • Locations: Herbert Hoover National Historic Site
    A painting depicts a yellow two story house has brown trim and Carpenter Gothic gingerbread.

    Amanda Garvin was a single 35-year old woman when she bought this property in 1870 for $90.00. She had this cottage built by 1872. The Garvin house is a wonderful example of the Gothic Revival style with its steeply pitched roof, gingerbread bargeboard trim, and ornamental arches framing the open front porch.

  • Herbert Hoover National Historic Site

    C.E. Smith House

    • Locations: Herbert Hoover National Historic Site
    A painting depicts a white and blue house with a big porch and a round pointed roof.

    Charles E. Smith was a carpenter and a Civil War veteran. In 1903, he completed his dream home for himself and his wife, Deborah, atop Cooks Hill where each spring, he would tap his maple trees to make maple syrup. The National Park Service relocated it near Herbert Hoover's birthplace in 1969.

  • Herbert Hoover National Historic Site

    Laban Miles House

    • Locations: Herbert Hoover National Historic Site
    A yellow house with brown trim and a covered front porch is partially shaded by trees.

    In 1870, Laban Miles had married Hulda Hoover’s younger sister, Agnes Minthorn, just five days after Hulda and Jesse Hoover were wed. By 1875 they were settling down in this house, built sometime between 1869 and 1872, with a family of their own.

  • Herbert Hoover National Historic Site

    Isaac Miles Farmstead

    • Locations: Herbert Hoover National Historic Site
    A painting depicts a red barn shaded by trees as seen from the golden tallgrass prairie.

    Isaac Miles was a widower with two young daughters when he moved to West Branch in 1874 and opened a drugstore. Isaac's daughters, Providence and Abbie were around the same age as the Hoover children, and it's likely they played together in this rural playground filled with natural wonders.

  • Herbert Hoover National Historic Site

    P.T. Smith House

    • Locations: Herbert Hoover National Historic Site
    A green two story house has white trim and a porch.

    The P.T. Smith House is the only house that Herbert Hoover remembered when he visited West Branch many years later.

  • Herbert Hoover National Historic Site

    Birthplace Cottage

    • Locations: Herbert Hoover National Historic Site
    A small white cottage is depicted in a painting amid summer foliage.

    In the years following his presidency, Herbert and Lou Hoover restored the president's humble birthplace, which he called, "physical proof of the unbounded opportunity of American life." The small space and few material possessions reflect an ethic of thrift. The cottage was a typical starter home for a young late 19th century family. Antique furnishings represent common household items of a simply furnished two room rural home.

  • Herbert Hoover National Historic Site

    David Mackey House

    • Locations: Herbert Hoover National Historic Site
    A painting depicts a boxy yellow two story house.

    In 1869, carpenter David Mackey, who designed and built this humble two-story home. The cheerful yellow house would have been a familiar landmark to the young Herbert Hoover. The young widower, one of the town's few Democrats, was elected the Mayor of West Branch in 1879.

  • Herbert Hoover National Historic Site

    Mary Wright House

    • Locations: Herbert Hoover National Historic Site
    A white house depicted in a painting has brown trim and is surrounded by a lawn and leafy trees.

    In 1873, J. M. Wetherell sold two lots to Mary Wright. She owned the property for the next 48 years. Her husband, William “Billy” Wright, owned a blacksmith shop at the southwest corner of Main and Poplar streets. Perhaps the competition from neighbor Jesse Hoover, Herbert’s dad, was what led Billy to sell his business in 1875 and open a harness and boot shop.

Last updated: February 2, 2021