Last updated: January 16, 2025
Article
Amphibian Monitoring at Barataria Preserve, Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve: Two-Year Summary through March 2024
GULN/NPS
The Gulf Coast Inventory and Monitoring (I&M) Network tracks amphibian presence and abundance over time in three National Park Service (NPS) units in the southeastern U.S. and Texas. This work is part of a nationwide I&M program that monitors ecological health on NPS lands. Most frogs, toads, and salamanders are good ecological indicators because they begin their lives underwater and then transition to land as adults. With their unique physiology and exposure to multiple habitats, they can be particularly sensitive when environmental quality degrades or hydrologic processes are altered. Amphibian populations also fluctuate naturally, however, in response to rainfall and other environmental cues. To gain the necessary context to distinguish between causes, the Gulf Coast Network collects data in a consistent manner over a long period and takes into account a wide range of environmental effects. The resulting long-term datasets can reveal persistent declines that may otherwise go unnoticed, as well as help identify the causes of change, which can sometimes be addressed through management actions.
Highlights
• The Gulf Coast Network completed its sixth year of amphibian monitoring at two sites in the Barataria Preserve of Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve, Louisiana. This summary focuses on the most recent two years of monitoring at the Education Center and V-Levee sites, from May 2022 to March 2024, and provides additional context from the first four-plus years of data collection, beginning in January 2018.• The Preserve has experienced several major weather events in recent years that are relevant to this study. In late 2023 and early 2024, an exceptional drought impacted the area, which was preceded by at least 12 months of severe to moderate drought and unusually low rainfall. Just prior to the current 2-year reporting period, 2021 was an unusually wet year, particularly for the spring, summer and early fall. Also that year, Hurricane Ida made landfall in August 2021 just south of the Preserve, causing extensive flooding and killing many trees.
• Over the past two years of amphibian monitoring, crews recorded 746 individuals of nine amphibian species in monitored PVC pipes and coverboards, with 701 of these belonging to the following six species: Bird-voiced Treefrog, Cope's Gray Treefrog, Squirrel Treefrog, Green Treefrog, Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toad, and the non-native Greenhouse Frog. Yields in the past two years were similar to most previous reporting intervals for four of the six species. Even with the prolonged drought in 2023, yields of those four species were not remarkably low that winter. Just two species –Bird-voiced Treefrog and Greenhouse Frog– had lower yields in 2022-2023 than in the previous years, particularly in the Education Center site. Although the causes are as yet unknown, these lower yields could be associated with sustained impacts of Hurricane Ida followed by prolonged drought, or with broad-scale losses in canopy cover in the Preserve over the past several decades. These events occurred in both monitoring sites, but canopy losses have been more severe at the Education Center site than the V-Levee site.
• Across all six years of study, the six most common amphibian species fluctuated in numbers, but they also consistently occupied one or both sites throughout the project. Amphibian population sizes are known to fluctuate naturally, often in response to rainfall or other environmental conditions. For these reasons, temporal changes are best contextualized using a wide range of ancillary environmental data, as will occur in upcoming trend analyses.
The Gulf Coast Network monitors amphibians at the Barataria Preserve of Jean Lafitte National Park and Preserve, Louisiana, as well as in park units in Florida and Texas. The Barataria Preserve contains a mix of bottomland hardwood forest, cypress-tupelo swamp, and extensive marshland, all within a large parcel located south of New Orleans, in close proximity to the Gulf of Mexico and the Mississippi River. A total of 19 species of frogs, toads, and salamanders have been recorded in the Preserve, as documented in the 2003 Inventory for Amphibians and Reptiles and from subsequent observations. A subset of these species are the targets of our amphibian monitoring in the park.
The network’s long-term monitoring approach for amphibians uses artificial refuges placed in two different forested sites, both along the Bayou des Familles within the Barataria Preserve. The refuges are small PVC pipes hung from trees and untreated plywood coverboards placed flat on the ground. Each refuge type provides a favorable microclimate for many amphibian species and allows them to come and go unharmed. Field crews check under coverboards and inside PVC pipes once every other month, recording the numbers and types of amphibian species present. Ancillary environmental data are collected during each sampling event, including air temperature, relative humidity, and the surface temperature inside PVC pipes or under coverboards. There are also continuous data loggers installed at each site that take hourly measurements of air temperature, relative humidity, and barometric pressure. Two additional loggers are installed underwater in the section of the Bayou des Familles adjacent to each site, recording relative water depth once per hour. Daily rainfall data are obtained from a nearby weather station.
The Network’s two monitoring objectives for this project are to:
- determine species composition of the amphibian communities that use the monitored PVC pipes and coverboards at each site, including native and non-native species, and
- determine the relative abundance (counts per pipe or board) of the more commonly encountered amphibian species at each site, particularly in the context of trends over time, while also accounting for the effects of ancillary environmental data.
The Gulf Coast Network initiated amphibian monitoring in the Barataria Preserve with pilot studies in two different sites, lasting from 2008-2017, and then transitioned to the current design in 2018. Since work began in 2008, crews have recorded 17 of the 19 amphibian species documented in the Preserve, but only eight are found frequently enough to be considered for comparisons of relative abundance over time. These are the Bird-voiced Treefrog (Dryophytes avivoca; Figure 1A), Cope's Gray Treefrog (Dryophytes chrysoscelis; Figure 1B), Green Treefrog (Dryophytes cinereus; Figure 1C), Squirrel Treefrog (Dryophytes squirellus, Figure 1D), Greenhouse Frog (Eleutherodactylus planirostris; Figure 1E), Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toad (Gastrophryne carolinensis, Figure 1F), Gulf Coast Toad (Incilius nebulifer, Figure 1G), and Western Dwarf Salamander (Eurycea paludicola, Figure 1H). Of these eight species, only the Greenhouse Frog is non-native to the United States. See the photo gallery for more amphibian pictures, including some of the Preserve's less-common amphibian species, which are tracked by the Network mainly in terms of presence or absence across years.
Body color varies within treefrog species. Green Treefrogs lack mottling but vary from green to olive brown. The other three treefrog species are mottled to varying degrees and their base body colors vary from green to brown or gray within each species.
Monitoring Design and Effort
In November 2017, Gulf Coast Network crews installed 128 PVC pipes and 64 coverboards in the two monitoring sites along the Bayou des Familles within the Barataria Preserve. The two sites were named Education Center and V-Levee based on nearby landmarks. In each study site, 64 pipes and 32 boards were arranged into clusters of three pairs of PVC pipes (Figure 2A) and four coverboards (Figure 2B). Each cluster of pipes and boards was separated from other clusters by 20 to 30 meters. A final cluster per site had eight pairs of pipes hung in trees over water (Figure 2C). After two months of settling-in, the first sampling event was in January 2018, after which sampling took place once every other month, with each monitoring year (MY) beginning on the first of May and ending the last day of the following March. Fieldwork was led by Billy Finney of the Gulf Coast Network, with support from park staff and other network staff. See the Supplementary Materials section for more information on project participants and the project timeline since 2018.
The current report summarizes findings from MY2022 (May 2022-March 2023) and MY2023 (May 2023-March 2024). These are the 5th and 6th MY under the current sampling design. Results from MY2017 to MY2021 are covered in the first and second two-year reports for the park, with a few of the major findings repeated here for additional context. More information on project design and sampling methods is available in the protocol narrative “Monitoring Amphibians in Gulf Coast Network Parks” and its eight standard operating procedure documents.
Key Findings
Results for the Past Two Monitoring Years
Total Captures
Over the 12 events from May 2022 to March 2024, there were 746 amphibian captures of nine different species in the Barataria Preserve. The majority of captures were in PVC pipes, consisting of 451 individuals of four different species (Table 1). The most common species in PVC pipes was the Squirrel Treefrog, comprising 45% of pipe captures (Figure 1D). Green Treefrogs were also fairly common, with 36% of pipe captures (Figure 1C), followed by Cope's Gray Treefrogs with 10% (Figure 1B) and Bird-voiced Treefrogs with 9% (Figure 1A). Of these four species, all have been present throughout the project's full duration in the current monitoring sites, with the exception of the Cope's Gray Treefrog. This species was first detected in monitored PVC pipes at Education Center in November 2017 during the last event of the pilot study, and it has been detected at least once per year in each site since then, though generally in lower numbers than the other three treefrog species.
Table 1. Number of individual captures of each amphibian species recorded inside PVC pipes by monitoring year (MY) at Education Center and V-Levee over 12 sampling events from May 2022 through March 2024. Eight percent of pipe-samples could not be completed due to flooding or other sampling issues, out of 1,536 possible pipe-samples across the two MY (384 per site per year). The summary counts below exclude a single Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toad found in a pipe at Education Center in MY2023, as this species would not normally be found in this refuge type.
| Species Name | Scientific Name | MY2022 Education Center | MY2022 V-Levee | MY2023 Education Center | MY2023 V-Levee | Total |
| Bird-voiced Treefrog | Dryophytes avivoca | 11 | 14 | 1 | 13 | 39 |
| Cope's Gray Treefrog | Dryophytes chrysoscelis | 15 | 14 | 9 | 9 | 47 |
| Green Treefrog | Dryophytes cinereus | 59 | 50 | 31 | 21 | 161 |
| Squirrel Treefrog | Dryophytes squirellus | 104 | 48 | 15 | 37 | 204 |
| - | Total pipes sampled | 372 | 376 | 376 | 374 | 1498 |
| - | Amphibians captured in pipes | 189 | 126 | 56 | 80 | 451 |
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There were two-thirds as many amphibian captures under coverboards as inside PVC pipes, but coverboard richness was higher at six species (Table 2). The most common species under coverboards was the non-native Greenhouse Frog, comprising 43% of board captures, or 127 records total (Figure 1E). This Caribbean species was first recorded by I&M crews in the Preserve in 2012. Because it can reproduce without standing water, it has successfully spread into many habitats throughout the Southeast. Across all events in MY2022 to MY2023, the non-native frog was only slightly more common than a similarly-sized native species, the Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toad, which had 42% of coverboard captures (Figure 1F; Table 2). The remaining four species under boards were each recorded fewer than 25 times (Table 2), and all four had been recorded under coverboards during previous monitoring years.
Table 2. Number of individual captures of each amphibian species recorded under coverboards by monitoring year (MY) at Education Center and V-Levee over 12 sampling events from May 2022 through March 2024. Out of the 768 board-samples that were possible over the two MY (102 per site per year), 2% could not be completed due to flooding or other sampling issues.
| Species Name | Scientific Name | MY2022 Education Center | MY2022 V-Levee | MY2023 Education Center | MY2023 V-Levee | Total |
| Squirrel Treefrog | Dryophytes squirellus | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Greenhouse Frog | Eleutherodactylus planirostris | 26 | 35 | 5 | 61 | 127 |
| Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toad | Gastrophryne carolinensis | 31 | 39 | 22 | 31 | 123 |
| Gulf Coast Toad | Incilius nebulifer | 13 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 19 |
| Western Dwarf Salamander | Eurycea paludicola | 0 | 2 | 1 | 21 | 24 |
| Eastern Newt | Notophthalmus viridescens | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| - | Total boards checked | 185 | 190 | 188 | 188 | 751 |
| - | Amphibians captured under boards | 71 | 82 | 29 | 113 | 295 |
Photo Gallery
Amphibian Monitoring Barataria...
17 Images
Select photos of amphibians and reptiles encountered during I&M monitoring in 2022-2024 in the Barataria Preserve, Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve, Louisiana.
Differences Between Sites and Years
Over the past two years of study, the two focal monitoring sites differed in both total counts per species and the refuge-type with the greater yields. The V-Levee site had more amphibian captures overall, largely due to its coverboards being more productive (Table 2). The two species that were most strongly associated with V-Levee coverboards were Greenhouse Frogs and Western Dwarf Salamanders, each having more than twice as many captures at V-Levee than at Education Center. In contrast to coverboard yields, PVC pipe yields were slightly higher at Education Center for both MY combined (Table 1). Three of the four treefrog species were captured more often at Education Center than at V-Levee during each of the two monitoring years, with the one exception being Bird-voiced Treefrogs. Although total counts differed between sites, two of the three most-captured species over the two MY were shared between sites. The Greenhouse Frog was the most-captured species at V-Levee (23% of captures) followed by Squirrel Treefrog (21%) and Green Treefrog (18%). Squirrel Treefrogs were most-captured at Education Center (34%), followed by Green Treefrogs (26%) and Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toads (22%).
The number and composition of captures not only differed between sites but also between the two monitoring years. Amphibian yields dropped between MY2022 and MY2023 for all four treefrog species found in PVC pipes (Table 1), and yields also dropped between years for Gulf Coast Toads found under coverboards (Table 2). An overall decline in captures between years was unsurprising, given that 2023 was an unusually dry year with presumably less water available for breeding. For Greenhouse Frogs, which do not require standing water to breed, the change between years varied between sites: yields decreased between years at Education Center and increased between years at V-Levee (Table 2). One species showed a relatively large gain between MY2022 and MY2023, and that was the Western Dwarf Salamander at V-Levee, which increased from 2 captures to 21 captures. This increase was unexpected, given that prior to MY2023, this species had an average annual detection rate of three per site. Even common species are known to have fluctuating population sizes from year to year, however, often in response to natural variation in environmental conditions over time. For this reason, temporal changes in captures are best viewed in light of a well-documented baseline for variability, combining many years of long-term monitoring with a wide range of ancillary environmental data.
Long-Term Patterns in Amphibian Detections
Patterns Over Time Within the Six Common Species
Monitoring data from the past six years showed a wide range of detection patterns across the six most-common amphibian species found in PVC pipes (Figure 3A-D) or coverboards (Figure 4A-B). Years with high detections for one species were not necessarily similarly productive for any other species. Within years, however, most species showed a wintertime peak in detections. This peak was observed to some extent in all six common species, although less pronounced in the Eastern Narrow-mouthed Toad (Figure 4B). Seasonal variation in refuge use could be related to a preference for enclosed shelter types during colder times of year and/or an avoidance of these enclosed spaces in the warmer months.
* 10 or more pipes were unsamplable at Education Center. ** 10 or more pipes were unsamplable at V-Levee. No data were collected in July or September 2020 due to COVID-19 travel restrictions.
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No boards were sampled in July or Sept. 2020 due to COVID-19 travel restrictions. Boards were also unsampled in Sept. 2021 due to damage from Hurricane Ida, which made landfall in late August 2021.
Other than the higher wintertime yields, there were few similarities in the timing of peaks or troughs in detections across species or sites, despite all species experiencing the same major rainfall events, droughts, and storms. As such, amphibian responses to changing environmental conditions in the Preserve appear to be idiosyncratic across all six species. For example, Hurricane Ida caused major damage to the Preserve's trees and forest understory when it made landfall in late August 2021; yet only one or two amphibian species showed a coincident and sustained reduction in captures. The most notable drop was for the Greenhouse Frog (Figure 4A). Since the hurricane, wintertime detections have remained relatively low at Education Center, whereas prior to the event, Greenhouse Frog yields were often greater than those of any other amphibian species, with more than 40 individuals for most winter events at that site. Although there is no direct evidence that this change was storm-related, it is possible that these forest floor-dwelling amphibians were less resilient to Ida's storm surge and/or associated forest floor disturbance, relative to the other common amphibian species that could either climb trees or burrow underground.
One other species, the Bird-voiced Treefrog, has also been recorded less often over the past three years (Figure 3A). This drop may be linked to specific Hurricane Ida impacts alone or in combination with the prolonged drought of 2023, more generally to the loss of canopy trees over the past several decades, or to other changes in the Preserve's vegetation communities over time. A later section of this report will describe the hurricane and other weather events in greater detail, including an unusually wet summer and one extreme drought that have all occurred within the last six years.
Patterns Over Time, Compared Between Sites
Since monitoring began under the current design (January 2018-March 2024), annual yields have nearly always differed between the park's two monitoring sites, even though both sites were placed in similar habitats along the same waterbody. In terms of overall detections, refuges at Education Center yielded 1,942 amphibian captures, whereas those at V-Levee yielded 1,100. For individual years, Education Center had the higher total annual yield for every monitoring year except MY2023. For each individual species, annual totals started and remained higher at Education Center for most of the six-year period, although this changed by MY2023, when nearly all species had higher yields at V-Levee (Figures 3 and 4). This was more so because Education Center was less productive than it had been in past years, rather than V-Levee experiencing major gains in yields.
The two long-term sites used for monitoring amphibians at Barataria Preserve may represent similar habitats in bottomland hardwood forests, but they have several key differences. First, Education Center is adjacent to a section of the Bayou des Familles that is deeper and more channel-like than the section at V-Levee, which is functionally a backwater due to the physical obstruction of a levee and channel directly to the north (See Supplementary Materials for more on bayou water levels). Second, the boards and pipes in each site are in forests of similar ages and compositions, but land use histories differ between the sites. Education Center was previously a pecan plantation that was crossed with drainage ditches to move water more quickly into the bayou, whereas V-Levee was not altered in this way. As a result, coverboards are more often flooded during monitoring at the slow-draining V-Levee than at Education Center, even though V-Levee is slightly higher in elevation overall (0.61 m versus 0.47 m mean elevation along monitoring transects).
Finally, Education Center has experienced a higher rate of canopy tree loss over the past several decades, relative to V-Levee (Figure 5). Throughout the Preserve, bottomland hardwood forests are losing trees at an elevated rate. The Preserve's proximity to the coast increases exposure to hurricanes and saltwater intrusion events. Land subsidence and sea level rise result in forest soils that are more frequently saturated and flood waters that are higher and slower to recede than in the past. Many tree species cannot withstand wetter conditions or elevated salinity for prolonged periods. Amphibians are likely to be impacted by these changes, although not necessarily in the same way for each species. For example, Bird-voiced Treefrogs are strongly tied to forested wetland habitats, particularly cypress tupelo swamps and bottomland hardwood forests. Prolonged canopy thinning will likely cause declines in this species, which may be the reason for fewer detections of this species at Education Center in past years. Green Treefrogs, in contrast, are regularly found in a wide range of habitats and do well in marshes. This species may therefore be expected to increase in abundance over time, particularly at Education Center where canopy losses have been greater. Current inferences are preliminary, but an in-depth interpretation of patterns will be possible with the upcoming trend report, which will be based on a statistical analysis of the full six years of amphibian detections and a broad suite of ancillary data.
Notable Weather Events and Supplemental Observations During Monitoring
Major Weather Events from MY2018 to MY2023
Several weather events occurred over the past six years that likely impacted at least some of the Preserve's amphibian species. On August 29, 2021, Hurricane Ida made landfall near the Preserve, causing extreme winds, fallen trees, and flooding. All coverboards were underwater for at least 24 hours and salinity levels were elevated in Bayou des Familles. Prior to the hurricane, 2021 was already an atypical year for being unusually wet throughout the spring and summer. These conditions would have been favorable for amphibian reproduction, but any such gains may have been offset by impacts of the hurricane in late August. Finally, in late 2023 and early 2024, an exceptional drought impacted the area, which was preceded by at least 12 months of severe to moderate drought and unusually low rainfall. These dry conditions may have reduced breeding opportunities for amphibians in early 2023, but the worst of the drought occurred after the breeding season had ended and most tadpoles had presumably emerged. Even so, the Bayou des Familles at V-Levee held no water from at least September to December 2023, and the soil surface was unusually dry under many coverboards. The prolonged drought led to two additional extreme events in the Preserve. First, waterways in and around the Preserve had elevated salinity from September to December 2023, as a result of reduced flow in the Mississippi River. Second, there was a marsh wildfire in late October 2023, at a location roughly 7 km directly south of the amphibian monitoring sites.
Supplemental Observations of Amphibians
As part of the fieldwork routine, crew members record any amphibian species present within the site to enrich knowledge of species that generally do not use PVC pipes or coverboards as shelter. In MY2022 and MY2023, there were nine amphibian species recorded in PVC pipes and/or under coverboards (Tables 1 and 2). Two additional species were recorded outside of monitored refuges: Blanchard's Cricket Frog (Acris blanchardi) and Spring Peeper (Pseudacris crucifer). Both of these species have also occasionally been recorded under coverboards or inside PVC pipes, but neither uses monitored refuges at Barataria Preserve on a regular basis.
Since the project began, a total of 17 amphibian species have been recorded by I&M crews, either in monitored refuges, as supplemental observations, or in a few cases, using minnow traps, which were only deployed during the pilot studies. The 11 species from the past two years are listed in Tables 1 and 2 or are mentioned above. The remaining six species, last recorded by I&M in 2022 or earlier, were Three-toed Amphiuma (Amphiuma triadactylum), American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), Bronze Frog (Lithobates clamitans), Pig Frog (Lithobates grylio), Southern Leopard Frog (Lithobates sphenocephalus), and Lesser Siren (Siren intermedia). See Supplementary Materials for more information.
Supplemental Observations of Reptiles
Crews collecting amphibian data also document any reptiles seen in monitoring areas, either under coverboards, in PVC pipes, or elsewhere in the site. In MY2022 and MY2023, 12 reptile species were recorded, including 4 lizard species, 7 snake species, and one turtle. The most commonly-detected species included Green Anoles (Anolis carolinensis) and Little Brown Skinks (Scincella lateralis), both of which had at least 50 detections over the two-year period. The non-native Brown Anole (Anolis sagrei) was recorded at Education Center as a supplemental visual observation in MY2023, but it has not yet been recorded under a coverboard. The Supplementary Materials document lists all reptile species recorded during the current two MY, as well as the 20 reptile species recorded since the Gulf Coast Network began monitoring at the Preserve.
Additional Resources and Online Supplementary Materials
A supplementary materials package was prepared as part of this 2-year summary, allowing additional space for detailed project descriptions, supplemental tables, and data exports. The current Supplementary Materials package includes a document with:
- A project timeline at the park,
- An overview of ancillary weather and environmental data,
- Coverboard detections over time for two additional species not included above because of low capture rates,
- A list of all amphibian species detected on the park during monitoring,
- A list of reptiles detected during the 2-year monitoring period as well as during previous monitoring years, and
- Literature cited and other useful references for amphibians and amphibian monitoring at the park.
The Supplementary Materials package also includes the approved datasets of amphibian counts by monitored refuge for each sampling event as well as environmental covariate data for the time-period of interest.
Article written by Jane E. Carlson, Ph.D., Gulf Coast Network Ecologist, with assistance from Olivia Butler, ACE EPIC member, and Jeff Bracewell, Network GIS Specialist.
Data collection, data entry, data management ,and project management completed by Gulf Coast Network Staff members Billy Finney, Whitney Granger, Fabi Speyrer, Daniel Hiatt, Jeff Bracewell, Jane Carlson, and Martha Segura, with field assistance from park staff members, interns, and other cooperators.
All Reports, Briefs, and Summaries in this Series
Carlson, J.E. 2024. Amphibian Monitoring at San Antonio Missions National Historical Park: Two-Year Summary through February 2024. Gulf Coast I&M Network, Lafayette, LA. Link to Web Article
Carlson, J.E. 2024. Amphibian Monitoring at Gulf Islands National Seashore: Two-Year Summary through March 2024. Gulf Coast I&M Network, Lafayette, LA. Link to Web Article
Carlson, J.E., O. Bulter, and J. Bracewell. 2024. Amphibian Monitoring at Barataria Preserve, Jean Lafitte National Historical Park and Preserve: Two-Year Summary through March 2024. Gulf Coast I&M Network, Lafayette, LA. Link to Web Article
Carlson, C. and J.E. Carlson. 2022. Scientists Spy on Treefrogs Using Plastic Pipes in Trees. Frontiers for Young Minds 10:718524. https://doi.org/10.3389/frym.2022.718524
Carlson, J.E. and M. Toussel. 2022. Two-Year Report for Amphibian Monitoring at Barataria Preserve 2020-2022. Gulf Coast I&M Network, Lafayette, LA
Carlson, J.E. and M. Toussel. 2022. Two-Year Report for Amphibian Monitoring at Gulf Islands National Seashore 2020-2022. Gulf Coast I&M Network, Lafayette, LA
Carlson, J.E. and M. Toussel. 2022. Two-Year Report for Amphibian Monitoring at San Antonio Missions NHP 2020-2022. Gulf Coast I&M Network, Lafayette, LA
Carlson, J.E. 2022. Resource Brief: Amphibian Monitoring Program Summary. Gulf Coast I&M Network
Carlson, J.E. and Others. 2020. Two-Year Report for Amphibian Monitoring at Barataria Preserve 2018-2020. Gulf Coast I&M Network, Lafayette, LA
Carlson, J.E. and Others. 2020. Two-Year Report for Amphibian Monitoring at Gulf Islands National Seashore 2018-2020. Gulf Coast I&M Network, Lafayette, LA
Carlson, J.E. and Others. 2020. Two-Year Report for Amphibian Monitoring at San Antonio Missions NHP 2018-2020. Gulf Coast I&M Network, Lafayette, LA
Supplementary Materials
A link leading to this summary's supplementary materials document, as well as data exports and the online reference for the web article. There is also a pdf printout of this web article.