Birds

Several species of hummingbirds such as Anna's hummingbird have been banded at Montezuma Castle as part of ongoing research.

NPS Photo / Antonio Gallardo

Over 200 species of birds inhabit the riparian (areas located near water) and upland habitats at Montezuma Castle National Monument. Although the number of species observed each month is highest during the breeding season, partly due to a large number of migrating birds, species richness is high during non-breeding seasons as well.

During the breeding season, black-throated sparrows, Bewick's wrens, and brown-headed cowbirds are among the most common species. Because a variety of habitats are present, even the most predominant species in a given year accounted for no more than 12% of the species observed. The number of breeding species within the monument (49) is high, given the small area, and reflects the topographic and habitat variability that occur here and the presence of substantial amounts of good quality riparian habitats.

Approximately 75% of the breeding species are neotropical migrants and, therefore, leave the monument and Verde Valley during the fall or winter following the breeding season. As a result, there is a major change in the ecology of the monument between breeding and non-breeding seasons. Similar patterns have been shown along the Colorado River in the Grand Canyon. In fact, most of the riparian breeding species in the Southwest are neeotropical migrants that winter elsewhere, such as Central and South America.

Download our bird list provided by the Sonoran Desert Network.

 

Wood Duck on Beaver Creek at Montezuma Castle National Monument

NPS Photo
Nicholas Goodman

 

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Species Attribute Definitions

Definitions

Occurrence

Occurrence values are defined below. One or more Occurrence Tags may be associated with each Occurrence value.

Present: Species occurs in park; current, reliable evidence available.

Probably Present: High confidence species occurs in park but current, verified evidence needed.

Unconfirmed: Species is attributed to park but evidence is weak or absent.

Not In Park: Species is not known to occur in park.

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Occurrence Tags

Adjacent: Species is known to occur in areas near to or contiguous with park boundaries.

False Report: Species was reported to occur within the park, but current evidence indicates the report was based on misidentification, a taxonomic concept no longer accepted, or other similar problem of error or interpretation.

Historical: Species' historical occurrence in park is documented. Assigned based on judgment as opposed to determination based on age of the most recent evidence.

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Abundance

Abundant:

• Animals: May be seen daily, in suitable habitat and season, and counted in relatively large numbers.
• Plants: Large number of individuals; wide ecological amplitude or occurring in habitats covering a large portion of the park.

Common:

• Animals: May be seen daily, in suitable habitat and season, but not in large numbers.
• Plants: Large numbers of individuals predictably occurring in commonly encountered habitats but not those covering a large portion of the park.

Uncommon:

• Animals: Likely to be seen monthly in appropriate habitat and season. May be locally common.
• Plants: Few to moderate numbers of individuals; occurring either sporadically in commonly encountered habitats or in uncommon habitats.

Rare:

• Animals: Present, but usually seen only a few times each year.
• Plants: Few individuals, usually restricted to small areas of rare habitat.

Occasional:

• Animals: Occurs in the park at least once every few years, varying in numbers, but not necessarily every year.
• Plants: Abundance variable from year to year (e.g., desert plants).

Unknown: Abundance unknown

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Nativeness

Native: Species naturally occurs in park or region.

Non-native: Species occurs on park lands as a result of deliberate or accidental human activities.

Unknown: Nativeness status is unknown or ambiguous.

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List Differences

The Checklist contains only those species that are designated as "present" or "probably present" in the park.

The Full List includes all the checklist species in addition to species that are unconfirmed, historically detected, or incorrectly reported as being found in the park. The full list also contains species that are "in review" because their status in the park hasn't been fully determined. Additional details about the status of each species is included in the full list.

The checklist will almost always contain fewer species than the full list.

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Species attribute definitions

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