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NPS Photo Invertebrates, contained within the phylum Chordata, are cold-blooded animals that lack a vertebral column, or backbone. They are generally soft-bodied animals that lack an internal skeleton, but often have a hard outer skeleton or shell for body protection. Invertebrates make up more than 90% of all living animal species, and serve as food for humans and are key elements in food chains that support birds, fish, and many other vertebrate species.
NPS/Varuna Vaughn
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Last updated: December 8, 2025