United States, no specific region or multiple locations

United States, no specific region or multiple locations

Incorporating Indigenous Knowledges into Federal Research and Management: Case Studies of Successful IK Engagement
By: Climate Adaptation Science Centers
June 29, 2023
Key words: Sonoran Desert Eagle, polar bears, wolves, Ojibwe language, climate change, Minisan, Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, northwest Hawaiian Islands, coral reef, ancestral lands, Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, subsistence species, berries, snow pack, temperature, mapping, interviewing, questionnaire
https://www.usgs.gov/programs/climate-adaptation-science-centers/science/incorporating-indigenous-knowledges-federal-2
Four presenters from federal agencies discussed their projects working with Indigenous peoples on ecological concerns.

The Status of Tribes and Climate Change (STACC) Report
Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals (ITEP), Northern Arizona University
August 2021
Key words: United States, climate change, Tribal lifeways, Indigenous Holistic Worldview, Tribal sovereignty, holistic responses
https://sites.google.com/view/stacc2021-itep/home
The STACC Report presents the culmination of input from Indigenous peoples across the U.S. It addresses how climate change impacts Tribes, implementing solutions, needed Tribal support, and overall uplifts and honors these Indigenous voices. The Report is filled with first-hand experiences and is written for a wide audience including Tribal and non-Tribal governments. Information about the Report and future events can be found at the link above. View the Report here: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1M0HSRD2avCvF4WeQwZHhwNi3sZQ2N0uv/view

Radio Show - Returning to Traditional Fire Management
By: Art Hughes, with guests Bodie Shaw, Rick O’ Rourke, and Ron Goode
September 9, 2020
Native American Calling
56:30 minutes
Keywords:  Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs, Yurok Tribe, North Fork Mono Tribe, Pacific Northwest, California, Oregon, cultural burns, fire and land management, Native American Tradition, traditional ecological knowledge
https://nativeamericacalling.com/wednesday-september-9-2020-returning-to-traditional-fire-management/
Native American Calling interviews Bodie Shaw, Rick O’ Rourke, and Ron Goode about the history of cultural burnings and the current state of land management. The interviews start at the 6:00-minute mark. Wildfires in California used to be managed by Tribes with cultural burnings. These interviews contribute a Native lens on how and why California wildfires have increased and what can be done using traditional ecological knowledge moving forward to better manage the land.

An Introduction to Traditional or Indigenous Knowledge
By: National Conservation Training Center
July 16, 2020
Key words: Yupik, Nez Perce, elders
https://fws.rev.vbrick.com/#/videos/703882c9-ad0d-4df3-a795-54cb9cc3f6cb
This panel includes Crystal Leonetti, Ciarra Greene, and Kim Greenwood, and is hosted by Jennifer Hill. Each speak about the importance of TEK. Crystal and Ciarra provide examples of teachings from their home communities.

How Traditional Tribal Perspectives Influence Ecosystem Restoration
By: Jonathan W. Long, Frank K. Lake, Ron W. Goode, and Benrita Mae Burnette
June 2020
Ecopsychology, Vol. 12, No. 2
Key words: Ecosystem restoration, traditional perspectives, wisdom, western science, TEK, White Mountain Apache Tribe, Karuk Tribe, North Fork Mono Tribe, fire, water, smoke, adaptive management, healing
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/eco.2019.0055
This article uses examples of restoration to explore and explain socio-cultural objectives as well as ecological objectives for healing homelands and peoples. The article also discusses terminology and its importance in conveying ethics. Another point it makes is that traditional practitioners can often observe indicators not noticed by western scientists that show past stewardship.

How Native Tribes Are Taking the Lead on Planning for Climate Change
By: Nicola Jones
Feb. 11, 2020
Yale Environment 360
Keywords: Swinomish, Karuk, S'Klallam, Salish and Kootenai, Navajo, Umatilla, climate change, climate adaptation, shellfish, salmon, proscribed burning
https://e360.yale.edu/features/how-native-tribes-are-taking-the-lead-on-planning-for-climate-change
Native communities like the Swinomish tribe are on the forefront of the movement toward adopting climate adaptation policies. Implementation of these policies can include actions attempting to ameliorate higher river temperatures, address ocean acidification, control invasive species and invest in solar power. These efforts have led to environmental improvements, but also increased community engagement and cohesion.

Tribal plant nurseries are about more than growing plants
By: Jeremiah R. Pinto
U.S. Forest Service
November 19, 2019
Keywords: Native plants, reforestation, restoration, cultural connections with plants
https://www.usda.gov/media/blog/2019/11/19/tribal-plant-nurseries-are-about-more-growing-plants
Tribes across the US are growing native plants for the purposes of reforestation and habitat restoration. Native plants are being grown to improve wildlife habitat, control invasive species, decrease erosion and other applications. Many tribes are involved in the Intertribal Nursery Council, managed by the USDA Forest Service. The Intertribal Nursery Council members recognize native plants’ importance from both management and cultural perspectives.

Coping with Climate Change: Tribal Communities are Getting Ready
By: Debra Utacia Krol
Oct. 10, 2019
Winds of Change
https://woc.aises.org/content/coping-climate-change-tribal-communities-are-getting-ready
Keywords: Karuk Tribe, San Pasqual Band of Mission Indians, Oglala Lakota Nation, climate change, climate adaptation and resilience, solar power, wildfire, prescribed burning, drought, water conservation
Planning for the future has always been important to indigenous peoples. Tribal communities and governments are preparing for a wide range of potential problems related to climate change. Indigenous communities in California and South Dakota utilize a mix of Traditional Ecological Knowledge and new technology to address problems including wildfire, drought, and energy issues.

Native American Perspectives on Health and Traditional Ecological Knowledge
By: Gwyneira Isaac, Symma Finn, Jennie R. Joe, Elizabeth Hoover, Joseph P. Gone, Clarita Lefthand-Begay, and Stewart Hill
Dec. 19, 2018
Environmental Health Perspectives
Keywords: Native American health, health, environmental health
https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/full/10.1289/EHP1944
Discusses ways to incorporate traditional ecological knowledge into health assessments of individuals as well as their environment. The authors—the majority of whom are NA scholars—highlight two research areas that consider health from a TEK perspective: food systems and knowledge of medicinal plants. This research has yielded data, methods, and knowledge that have helped Indigenous communities better define and reduce health risks and protect local natural food resources, and this TEK approach may prove of value to environmental health research.

Webinar - Risk Assessment for Rural Lifestyles
By: Barbara Harper, Oregon State University
Tribal Environmental Health Conference 2018
June 26, 2018
Key words: Toxic contamination, exposure, CIRCLA, risk assessment, anthropology, Daubert principles, ecology, traditional ecological knowledge, ethnobotany, diet
https://media.oregonstate.edu/media/t/0_cy0py81i
This webinar discusses how to use anthropology and traditional ecological knowledge to enhance research and better prepare risk assessments for toxic exposure and/or contamination.

Webinar - Tribal Ecosystem Services - FIFRA and Federal Trusteeship
By: Stuart Harris, Cayuse Environmental
Tribal Environmental Health Conference 2018
June 26, 2018
Key words: FIFRA, traditional use, pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, rodenticides, traditional foods, contamination
https://media.oregonstate.edu/media/t/0_fqv8pqdg
This webinar addresses concerns with impacts from "--cides" that are sprayed in public areas where tribal members and wildlife collect foods and cultural materials. Even when applied appropriately, this contamination can be detrimental to peoples health.

Traditional Ecological Knowledge: A Different Perspective on Environmental Health
By: Nate Seltenrich
Jan. 19, 2018
Environmental Health Perspectives
Keywords: Navajo Nation, environmental health, mining, public health
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6014702/
Traditional ecological knowledge offers a more holistic view of environmental health. Applying TEK principles could help generate research questions, improve the interpretation and validation of study results, ensure equity and self-determination for Tribal nations that collaborate or participate in research, and potentially inform sustainable public-health interventions and initiatives.

Tribal Environmental Research Program (TERP): What's in a Name?
Webinar presented by: Robert K. Hall
1 hour, 4 minutes
Key words: traditional ecological knowledge, environment, riparian areas, proper functioning condition (PFC), Environmental Protection Agency, Bureau of Land Management
This seminar has been recorded, both in audio and video format, via Adobe Connect and archived for future reference. The Environmental Protection Agency's TERP program works with tribes to improve ecosystem function. The presenter provides a short overview of TEK and how it drives decisions for improved riparian function, using a qualitative assessment model developed by the Bureau of Land Management.

Traditional Indian Medicine: American Indian Wellness
By: Patrisia Gonzales
Kendall Hunt Publishing Company
2017
Key words: Traditional Indian medicine (TIM), wellness, health, plants, healing, resiliency
The textbook is written mainly by American Indian and First Nation activists, doctors, scholars, and experts as a curriculum for various levels of instruction on traditional wellness and healing methods from Indigenous peoples.

Tribal Nations Need to be Included in Effort to Combat Invasives
By: Jason Daley
Sierra
November 30, 2017
Key words: Invasive species, TEK, Quinault Nation, native species
https://www.sierraclub.org/sierra/tribal-nations-need-be-included-effort-combat-invasives
Nicholas Reo, Dartmouth College, surveyed tribal land managers about invasive species issues.

Tribes/First Nations Climate Summit Proceedings
By: Tribal Climate Change Project
University of Oregon
2017
Key words: collective action, resiliency plans, youth engagement, climate change mitigation, cultural and subsistence resources, policy issues
https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/blogs.uoregon.edu/dist/c/389/files/2010/11/T-FN-Summit_Proceedings-Final-29zu0wz.pdf
This document summarizes the plenary and breakout sessions that occurred during the summit, which focuses on four main topics: “traditional knowledges, cultural and subsistence resources, planning to support community resiliency, and policy issues.” This synthesis covers current knowledge gaps, methods for strengthening tribal programs and the role TK has in climate change mitigation.

Webinar: Food Sovereignty & Climate Resilience
Presented by the Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals (ITEP) Climate Change Program
This webinar occurred on Tuesday, October 24th, 2017, and was hosted by the Institute for Tribal Environmental Professionals (ITEP) Climate Change Program. This webinar was the second installment of the Topics in Climate Change Adaptation Planningwebinar series.
http://www7.nau.edu/itep/main/tcc/Training/Webinars_2017
At its core, food sovereignty is about tribal communities controlling their own food systems and ensuring local access to healthy, affordable, traditional and cultural foods. Climate change is already beginning to impact local food resources, especially in communities that rely on hunting and gathering for part of their diet. Food sovereignty is a tool that communities can use to achieve climate resiliency goals by creating and protecting local food sources. These projects can take many forms, including community gardens and food distribution networks.

This webinar featured two speakers with extensive experience in a variety of food sovereignty projects. Vicky Karhu provided examples of some ongoing projects and discussed food sovereignty assessments and how communities can get started on making changes to their food system. Joanie Buckley discussed food sovereignty projects she’s been involved with in her role at Oneida Nation.

August 2017 “Ask Us” – The Eclipse from a Native American Perspective
By: Bonnie Murray
NASA Langley Research Center
October 30, 2017
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_zqZMC0B1s
YouTube video posted by NASA looking at the eclipse from a Native American perspective. The eclipse is anticipated to cross 10 Indian reservations, including the Wind River Reservation.

Tapping Traditional Wisdom to Cope with Climate Change
By: Nala Rogers, Staff Writer
Inside Science
March 28, 2017
https://www.insidescience.org/news/tapping-traditional-wisdom-cope-climate-change
From the mountains of Tajikistan to Standing Rock in the Dakotas, scientists are collaborating with indigenous people to study climate change and predict the future.

Returning Fire to the Land—Celebrating Traditional Knowledge and Fire
By: Frank K. Lake, Vita Wright, Penelope Morgan, Mary McFadzen, Dave McWethy, and Camille Stevens-Rumann
Journal of Forestry
2017
Keywords: wildland fire, fuels reduction, American Indians, cross-jurisdiction, communication
https://gallery.mailchimp.com/5f6de7b069a57255f980944b4/files/c0d12efb-06d4-4a7d-bf12-aa845d3bbe66/Lake_et_al._2017_TradKnowTribalFire_JoF.pdf
The authors organized two workshops to investigate how traditional and western knowledge can be used to enhance wildland fire and fuels management and research, and they present a framework for developing these partnerships based on workshop discussions in this article.

Opportunities to Utilize Traditional Phenological Knowledge to Support Adaptive Management of Social-Ecological Systems Vulnerable to Changes in Climate and Fire Regimes
By: Christopher A. Armatas, Tyron J. Venn, Brooke B. McBride, Alan E. Watson, & Steve J. Carver
Ecology and Society, 21(1):16
2016
Key words: Climate Change Adaptation, Fire-Adapted Ecosystems, Indigenous Fire Management, Resilience, Traditional Ecological Knowledge
https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol21/iss1/art16/
The field of adaptive management has been embraced by researchers and managers in the United States as an approach to improve natural resource stewardship in the face of uncertainty and complex environmental problems. Integrating multiple knowledge sources and feedback mechanisms is an important step in this approach. The objective of this paper is to contribute to the limited literature that describes the benefits of better integrating indigenous knowledge (IK) with other sources of knowledge in making adaptive-management decisions.

Harvesting in the Park: In Alaska and beyond, new rules are letting indigenous tribes reclaim some use Of US national parks for traditional gathering.
By: Joshua Zaffos
Hakai Magazine
September 7, 2016
https://hakaimagazine.com/news/harvesting-park/
National Park Service releases new rule that allows federally recognized tribes to collect plants and plant parts for non-commercial traditional uses.

Introduction to Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Wildlife Conservation
By: Seafha Ramos
August 2016
https://wildlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/Ramos-et-al.2016.Introduction-to-Traditional-Ecological-Knowledge-in-Wildlife-Conservation.pdf
WASO NRSS Biological Resources Division presents on the NPS Natural Resource Report, "Introduction to Traditional Ecological Knowledge in Wildlife Conservation". The presentation covers descriptions and definitions of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), examples of TEK in contemporary wildlife research and management, potential ways for NPS to include TEK, and general guidance in conducting TEK research and working with Tribes in the United States.

Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples: A Synthesis of Current Impacts and Experiences
By: Norton-Smith et al.
Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples: A Synthesis of Current Impacts and Experiences. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-GTR-944
2016
https://www.fs.usda.gov/research/treesearch/53156
This October 2016 General Technical Report from the US Forest Service is a synthesis of literature on how indigenous peoples are uniquely impacted by climate change, and how traditional knowledge can contribute to the discussion and implementation of climate change science and understanding. The report stresses the importance of incorporating traditional ecological knowledge into the development of policies, plans and programs for adapting to climate change, but warns that this knowledge may too be threatened by the un-predictability of climate change.

Climate Change from Inter-Tribal Youth Climate Congress
July 2015
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHH85HcsHI4
High school youth from various tribes in the United States highlight significant ecosystem changes, such as drought and flooding, occurring on their reservations.

New Fire Science Digest: Traditional Ecological Knowledge for Modern Fire Management Firescience.gov
Friday Flash eNews, Issue 129
June 19, 2015
http://us2.campaign-archive2.com/?u=5f6de7b069a57255f980944b4&id=30158ddbd3&e=6109463236

Tribal Engagement Roadmap, Highlights Report- Final Draft
U.S. Forest Service Research and Development
By: Tania Ellersick, Ed.
2015
https://www.fs.usda.gov/sites/default/files/fs_media/fs_document/5082_tribalrd.pdf
U.S. Forest Service Research & Development has been conducting research for many years with tribes, and in Indian country, and has collaboratively developed a U.S. Forest Service R&D Tribal Engagement Roadmap to help highlight and prioritize the agency’s efforts and raise the visibility of tribal engagement for the agency's scientists, political leadership, tribes, and the public.

Landscape Conservation Cooperative Network
Projects by Category - Traditional Ecological Knowledge
This is a database to search for projects funded by LCCs that include TEK.
https://lccnetwork.org/projects/Traditional%20Ecological%20Knowledge

Third National Climate Assessment - Chapter 12: Indigenous Peoples, Lands and Resources
May 6, 2014
Today, delivering on our legal mandate and the President's Climate Action Plan, the U.S. Global Change Research Program released the Third National Climate Assessment, the most comprehensive, authoritative, transparent scientific report on U.S. climate change impacts ever generated. The report confirms that climate change is affecting every region of the country and key sectors of the U.S. economy and society, underscoring the need to combat the threats climate change presents and increase the preparedness and resilience of American communities.
http://nca2014.globalchange.gov/report/sectors/indigenous-peoples

Listening for the Rain
from Filoteo Gómez Martínez
With funding from the South Central Climate Science Center, two Indigenous filmmakers -- Filoteo Gómez Martínez and Jeffrey Palmer -- made Listening for the Rain: Indigenous Perspectives on Climate Change.This 22-minute documentary film allows viewers to learn about the impacts of climate change on Indian Country in the central USA from members of Tribal communities who live there.
https://vimeo.com/87696613

Traditional Foods in Native America
By: Chelsea Wesner, CDC, NDWP, and NIHB
Center for Disease Control
2013
Key words: traditional foods, foodways, cooking, planting, harvesting, recipes, medicine, health, diabetes prevention
https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/ndwp/pdf/part-i---traditional-foods-in-native-america-april-21.pdf
A collaborative effort between the Native Diabetes Wellness Program (NDWP, part of the CDC), and National Indian Health Board, this document compiles recipes, interviews with representatives of tribes working towards maintaining traditional and healthful foodways, and key findings shared among all six participating groups.

Climate Change and Indigenous Peoples in the United States: Impacts, Experiences and Actions
By: Julie Koppel Maldonado, Benedict Colombi, Rajul Pandya, Editors
ISBN 978-3-319-05266-3
Previously published in Climatic Change, Volume 120, Issue 3
2013
https://research.fit.edu/media/site-specific/researchfitedu/coast-climate-adaptation-library/united-states/west-coast-amp-hawaix27i/washington-amp-oregon/WSDOE.--2017.--Adaptation-Strategies-for-Resilient-Cleanup-Remedies.pdf

Healthier Tribal Housing: Combining the Best of the Old and New
By: Nate Seltenrich
Environmental Health Perspectives
1 December 2012
Key words: wellness, health, air quality, housing, Oglala Sioux Tribe, Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota, Pinoleville Pomo Nation, California
https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/10.1289/ehp.120-a460
This article discusses in depth how tribes are changing their housing situations to be healthier, greener, and reflect their cultural values. The author discusses how scientific monitoring of air quality in houses on reservation along with health observations of those living there reflected that the houses had poor air quality and mold, which was causing a lot of respiratory issues for the inhabitants. The author demonstrates that as the housing codes on reservations have changed, tribes are able to build houses that are able to resist the mold, have better air quality, be more environmentally friendly, and reflect the tribes culture better. Through several examples, the author calls for more tribes to follow them in building better houses for their communities.

Tradtional Ecological Knowledge
Leaf Litter, Vol. X, Edition 3
Fall Equinox 2012
https://www.biohabitats.com/newsletter/traditional-ecological-knowledge/in-this-issue/
This issue has an introduction by Keith Bowers, Biohabitats President, and articles by Dr. Robin Wall Kimmerer and Dr. Daniel Wildcat as well as several other articles.

Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK): Ideas, Inspiration, and Designs for Ecological Engineering
By: Jay F. Martin, Eric D. Roy, Stewart A. W. Diemont, & Bruce G. Ferguson
Ecological Engineering, 36: 839-849
2010
Key words: Indigenous, Sustainable Ecosystem Design, Philosophy, Agroecosystems, Water Management
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.04.001
In coming years society will be forced to adapt to lower energy levels due to projected declines in non-renewable energies. This will increase the challenge to ecological engineers to design sustainable ecosystems, driven by renewable energies to benefit society and the environment. This paper introduces the field of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) as an important source of ideas, inspiration and designs to help our profession meet this challenge.

Tribal-Federal Collaboration in Resource Management
By: Ellen M. Donoghue et. al
Journal of Ecological Anthropology
2010
https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=jea
As Tribes and federal management agencies increasingly interact to manage land and resources, how do these entities most effectively collaborate? This article explores the different types of collaborative processes that have been used in particular contexts (contractual, co-management, cooperative, conservation easement, working relationship), and how these processes work towards meeting the desired outcomes of all parties involved.

Integration of Local Ecological Knowledge and Conventional Science: a Study of Seven Community-Based Forestry Organizations in the USA
By: Heidi L. Ballard, Maria E. Fernandez-Gimenez and Victoria E. Sturtevant
Ecology and Society
2008
Key words: local ecological knowledge (LEK), collaborative research, monitoring programs
https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol13/iss2/art37/
This study includes collaborative stewardship and monitoring programs that include multiple forms of LEK from across the United States.

Democracy, Participation, and Native American Tribes Collaborative Watershed Management
By: Amanda Cronin & David M. Ostergren
Society & Natural Resources, 6:527-542
2007
Key words: Collaboration, Confederated Tribes of Umatilla Indian Reservation, Democracy, Jamestown S’Klallam, Native Americans
https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920701338059
The collaborative conservation model has emerged as an alternative to deadlocked negotiations and protracted court battles over natural resource management. Watershed management is a frequent focus for collaborative groups. Membership in these groups usually represents a variety of interests. The engagement of Native American tribes, however, is infrequent. This comparative case study of two tribes in the Northwest and one tribe in the Southwest reveals six broad factors that influence tribal participation in collaborative watershed management.

Tribal Watershed Management: Culture, Science, Capacity and Collaboration
The American Indian Quarterly, 31(1):87-10
2007
Key words: Collaboration, Confederated Tribes of Umatilla Indian Reservation, Democracy, Jamestown S’Klallam, Native Americans
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/236765182_Tribal_Watershed_Management_Culture_Science_Capacity_and_Collaboration
This research focuses on two elements of contemporary American Indian natural resource management. First, the authors explore the capacity of tribes to manage natural resources, including the merging of traditional ecological knowledge with Western science. Second, the authors analyze tribal management in the context of local and regional collaborative watershed groups. The authors draw on field research and case study analysis to examine contemporary tribal environmental management in a real life context.

Weaving Traditional Ecological Knowledge into the Restoration of Basketry Plants
By: Daniela Shebitz
Journal of Ecological Anthropology, 9: 51-68
2005
Keywords: Basketry, sweetgrass, beargrass, ecological restoration, New York, Washington, Haudenosaunee, Quinault, Skokomish, controlled burns
https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1057&context=jea
Traditional ecological knowledge has been used to restore plants used in traditional basket making. Indigenous knowledge of plants and land management methods, including fire, have been used to restore species/habitats of sweetgrass and beargrass in Washington State and New York State.

Fossil Legends of the First Americans
By: Adrienne Mayor
Princeton University Press
2005
Key words: Paleontology, traditional knowledge, medicine, consilience, animate/inanimate, evolution, fossils, dinosaurs, mastodons, mammoths
https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691245614/fossil-legends-of-the-first-americans
This book identifies tribal knowledges about fossils from a number of tribes across the United States compared with paleontological knowledge and development of the paleontological field of study. Tribal knowledges about fossils and life on earth before humans are more indepth and comprehensive than just knowing locations of fossils as previously thought by some preeiminent paleontologists, especially George Gaylord Simpson. The conclusion introduces the concept of consilience and discusses how Native philosophy about balance and nature could help us with modern environmental issues.

Linking Ecologists and Traditional Farmers in the Search for Sustainable Agriculture
By: Miguel A. Altieri
Ecological Society of America, 2(1):35-42
2004
http://agroeco.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/09/Link-ecolandTradFarmers.pdf
For centuries, traditional farmers have developed diverse and locally adapted agricultural systems, managing them with ingenious practices that often result in both community food security and the conservation of agrobiodiversity. By studying these systems, ecologists can enhance their knowledge of the dynamics of complex systems, especially the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function and practical principles for the design of more sustainable agroecosystems appropriate to small farmers.

Maintaining the Mosaic: The role of indigenous burning in land management
By: Robin Wall Kimmerer and Frank Kanawha Lake
Nov. 2001
Journal of Forestry
Keywords: biodiversity, fire, policy, history, traditional knowledge, cultural use of fire, North America
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/285728799_Maintaining_the_Mosaic_The_role_of_indigenous_burning_in_land_management
Reviews the historical use of fire by Indigenous communities, contrasted with the impacts of fire suppression. Draws on traditional ecological knowledge to dispute the romanticized view that pre-Columbian America was “pristine wilderness” and that Indigenous peoples lived with minimal impact. Discusses the extent and goals of Indigenous burning, as well as an overview of Native American fire practice. Presents potential applications of use of fire as a forest management tool to achieve current goals.

Rediscovery of Traditional Ecological Knowledge as Adaptive Management
By: Fikret Berkes, Johan Colding, & Carl Folke
Ecological Adaptations, 10(5):1251-1262
2000
https://www.umanitoba.ca/institutes/natural_resources/canadaresearchchair/EA2000.pdf
Indigenous groups offer alternative knowledge and perspectives based on their own locally developed practices of resource use. Authors surveyed the international literature to focus on the role of Traditional Ecological Knowledge in monitoring, responding to, and managing ecosystem processes and functions, with special attention to ecological resilience. Case studies revealed that there exists a diversity of local or traditional practices for ecosystem management.