Explore Geologic, Minerals, & Energy Topics

Abandoned Mineral Lands

Abandoned Mineral Lands—Site Index

• Home
• Understanding AML
• Hazards & Safety
• Environmental Factors
  • Mines as Habitat
• Cultural Resources
• NPS Response
  • Inventory
    • Regional Summaries
      • Alaska
      • Pacific West
      • Intermountain
      • Midwest
      • Southeast
      • Northeast
      • National Capital
  • Hazard Mitigation
  • AML Closures
  • Reclamation & Restoration
• Photo Galleries
• Publications
  • AML Handbook

America's Geoheritage

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Arches, Buttes & Rock Formations

Arches, Buttes, and Rock Formations—Site Index

• Home
• About
  • Monitoring—Rock Formations
  • Web Articles—Rock Formations
• Be Geohazard Aware
• Visit
• What We Do
• Photos and Multimedia
• Education

Caves and Karst

Caves and Karst—Site Index

• Home
• Significance
• Park Resources
  • Karst Landscapes
  • Solution Caves
  • Lava Caves / Tubes
  • Sea / Littoral Caves
  • Talus Caves
• Stewardship
  • Partners
  • Agreements
• Outreach Materials
  • Junior Cave Scientist
  • Children's Books
  • Recommended Reading
• Public Policy
• Photo Galleries
• Publications
  • Inside Earth Newsletters
  • Park Resource Summaries
  • Technical Reports
  • Brochures & Posters
• Related Links

Coastal Geology

Coastal Geology—Site Index

Coastal Geology

• Beaches and Coastal Landforms
• Beach Materials
• Coastal Processes
• Engineering in the Coastal Environment
  • Soft Structures
  • Hard Structures
• Coastal Geohazards

Energy & Minerals Management

Energy & Minerals Management—Site Index

• Home
• Development in Parks
  • Oil & Gas Development
  • Mining Claims
  • Other Energy & Minerals
• Adjacent Development
  • Coal Mining
  • Other Energy and Minerals Activities
  • Geothermal
• Photo Galleries

Erosion: Water, Wind & Weather

Erosion: Water, Wind, and Weather—Site Index

• Home
• About
  • Weathering
  • Erosion
  • Mass Wasting
  • Monitoring—Erosional Processes
  • Web Articles—Erosion
• Features and Landforms
• Be Geohazard Aware
• Visit
• What We Do
• Photos and Multimedia
• Education

Fossils and Paleontology

Fossils and Paleontology—Site Index

• Home
• Significance and History
  • Cave Paleontology
  • The History of Paleontology in the NPS
    • Fossils & Native People
    • Colonial & Early National Period
    • Antebellum through American Civil War
    • Early National Parks & Monuments
    • First 50 Years of the National Park Service
    • Filling the Gaps in the Fossil Record
    • A New Beginning for NPS Fossils
    • Acknowledgements and References
  • Fossil Cycad National Monument
  • Related Links
• Visit Park Fossils
  • Fossil Parks List
  • Fossils Through Geologic Time
  • Age of Dinosaurs
    • What Makes a Dinosaur a Dinosaur
    • Where Dinosaurs Roamed
    • Major Groups of Dinosaurs
    • Extinction Events
    • Dinosaurs in the Fossil Record
    • Famous Dinosaurs
    • Triassic Dinosaurs
      • Triassic Neighbors
      • Supercontinent Pangea
    • Jurassic Dinosaurs
      • Jurassic Neighbors
      • The Morrison Formation
    • Cretaceous Dinosaurs
      • Cretaceous Neighbors
      • A Dinosaur Freeway
  • Fossil Park Highlights
  • Grand Canyon Fossils in 3D
  • Mammoth Cave Shark Fossils
• What We Do
  • Paleontological Resource Inventory
  • Paleontological Resource Monitoring
  • Photogrammetry
    • Chaco Culture 3D Fossils
    • Mammoth Cave Sharks in 3D
  • Research & Permits
  • Education & Outreach Program
  • Paleontology Internships
    • Mentoring Toolkit
      • Preparing for an Internship
      • First Days
      • Throughout the Internship
      • Mentor/Supervisor Resources
      • Resources for Interns
      • Orientation to the NPS
      • Learn About Your Park
  • Laws, Regulations, & Policies
• Publications
  • Research Volumes
  • Articles
  • Park-specific Inventory Reports
  • Thematic Inventory Reports
  • I&M Network Inventory Reports
  • Newsletters
  • Historic Documents
  • Press and Media
• Photos and Multimedia
• Education
  • Educational Activities
  • Fun Challenges
  • Junior Paleontologist
  • Official State Fossils
  • Prehistoric Life Coloring Book

Geohazards

Geohazards—Site Index

• Home
• About
• Geohazard Articles
• Photogrammetry
• Be Geohazard Aware
• NPS News
• Resource Management & Risk Mitigation
• Photos & Multimedia

Geologic Resources Inventory

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Geology

Geology—Site Index

• Home
• America's Geoheritage
  • Unofficial Register
  • Definitions
  • Values
  • References
• Coastal Geology
  • Beaches and Coastal Landforms
  • Beach Materials
  • Coastal Processes
  • Engineering in the Coastal Environment
    • Soft Structures
    • Hard Structures
  • Coastal Geohazards
• Geologic Tour
  • Regional Geology
    • Physiographic Provinces
    • Province Map Galleries
    • State Geologic Maps
  • Park Landforms
    • Aeolian (Dunes) Landforms
    • Arid & Semi-arid Region Landforms
    • Beaches & Coastal Landforms
    • Glaciers & Glacial Landforms
    • Karst Features & Landforms
    • River Systems & Fluvial Landforms
    • Tectonic Landforms & Mountain Building
    • Volcanic—Extrusive Igneous Landforms
    • Volcanic—Intrusive Igneous Landforms
  • Hot Springs/Geothermal Features
  • Geologic Wonders
    • Must See Geologic Sites
    • Less Visited Sites
    • Highest, Deepest, Widest
    • Find Your Park
  • Scenic Byways
    • Byways in Parks
    • Byways Connecting Parks
• Park Geology
  • News Items
  • Park's Geology Webpages
  • Web Articles
  • NPS Geodiversity Atlas
  • Park Maps
• What We Do
  • Geodiversity as Nature's Stage
  • Geologic Resources Inventory
    • GRI Products
    • Glossary of Geologic Terms
  • Soil Resources Inventory
  • NPS Stratotype Inventory
  • Geological Monitoring
  • Geologic Planning
  • Geoscientists-in-the-Parks Legacy
  • Permits
• Photos and Multimedia
• Education
  • Geology and the Scientific Method
  • Geologic Time
    • Age of the Earth
    • Radiometric Age Dating
    • Geologic Time Scale
    • Linking Rocks and Time
  • Fundamental Geologic Principles
  • Rocks and Minerals
    • Minerals
    • Rocks
      • Igneous
      • Sedimentary
      • Metamorphic
  • Plate Tectonics & Our National Parks
    • The Unifying Theory of Geology
    • Inner Earth Model
    • Evidence of Plate Motions
    • Types of Plate Boundaries
    • Park Tectonic Settings—Master List
    • Divergent Plate Boundaries
      • Continental Rift Zones
      • Passive Continental Margins
    • Convergent Plate Boundaries
      • Subduction Zones
      • Accreted Terranes
      • Collisional Mountain Ranges
    • Transform Plate Boundaries
    • Hotspots
      • Oceanic Hotspot
      • Continental Hotspot
    • Teaching Resources
    • Photos and Multimedia
    • Geological Monitoring
  • NPS Geoscience Teaching Resources
  • Earth Science Week

Geothermal Processes & Features

Geothermal Processes & Features—Site Index

• Home
• About
  • Bathhouses
  • Hot Springs
• Significant Features
• Be Geohazard Aware
• Visit Parks
• What We Do
• Photos and Multimedia
• Education

Glaciers

Glaciers—Site Index

• Home
• About
  • Types of Glaciers
  • Glacier Ice Features
• Be Geohazard Aware
• Visit Park Glaciers
• What We Do
• Photos and Multimedia
• Education

Mountains—Geology/Physical Processes

Mountains—Geology & Physical Process

• Geology & Physical Process

National Fossil Day

National Fossil Day—Site Index

• Home
• Get Involved
  • NFD Mission
  • Getting Started
  • Event Hosting
  • Logo and Artwork
  • Future Dates
  • NFD Donations
• NFD Events
• Kids & Youth
• Fossil & Paleontology Basics
• NFD Partners
  • Agencies
  • Avocational Groups
  • Cooperating Associations
  • Corporate Sponsors
  • Fossil Sites
  • High Schools and Grade Schools
  • Libraries
  • Museums
  • Professional Organizations
  • Public & Science Outreach
  • Universities & Colleges
  • Zoos

Renewable Energy

Renewable Energy—Site Index

• Home
• Understanding Renewable Energy
  • Onshore Wind Energy
  • Offshore Wind Energy
  • Solar Energy
  • Geothermal Energy
• NPS Response
• Electric Transmission & Distribution
• Research and Analysis
• Public Policy
• Contact Us

Volcanoes, Craters, and Lava Flows

Volcanoes, Craters, and Lava Flows—Site Index

• Home
• About Volcanoes
  • Volcanic Processes
    • Volcanic Eruptions
      • Eruption Classifications
      • Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI)
      • Directed and Lateral Blasts
  • Volcanoes & Volcanic Landforms
    • Types of Volcanoes
    • Erosional Volcanic Landforms
  • Craters & Other Volcanic Features
  • Plate Tectonics and Volcanoes
  • Stories from Around the NPS
• Volcanic Geoheritage
  • World Heritage Volcanoes
  • Traditional Knowledge of Prehistoric Eruptions
• Be Geohazard Aware
• Visit Volcanic Parks
  • Volcanic Parks Master List
  • Primary Volcanic Parks
  • Volcanic Parks in the NPS—A Quick History
  • Volcano Types in Parks
  • Prehistoric and Historic Eruptions
  • Volcanic Points of Interest in Parks and NNLs
• What We Do
• Education
  • Photos and Multimedia
  • Volcano Lessons from Parks
  • Geologic Map Gallery
  • Park Geology Albums
  • Geologic Reports—Volcano Parks
  • Geodiversity Atlas—Volcano Parks