NPS / Hannah Schwalbe 
Area MapSection 1
Desert TobaccoNicotiana obtusifoliaMarch–July This plant is a member of the Solanaceae family, which also includes tomatoes, potatoes, and eggplant. Give it a sniff! Many members of this family contain alkaloids, such as nicotine. These chemical compounds discourage herbivory and give the plant a distinct fragrance. Desert tobacco is in the same genus as commercially produced tobacco (N. tabacum) and, like that plant, was traditionally smoked by Native Americans, to whom tobacco was sacred rather than recreational. 
Woolly BluestarAmsonia tomentosaMarch–May The species name tomentosa refers to the matted and intertwined hairs you may see on some of these plants. Curiously, this species may have individuals that are completely covered in hairs, appearing grayish-white in color, while other individuals growing directly adjacent can be completely green and hairless. Some individuals even have both forms growing on the same plant! 
Michelle Cloud-Hughes Perennial RockcressBoechera perennansFebruary–May As its name indicates, you will often find the perennial rockcress in rugged habitats such as the gaps between stones. The flower has four pink petals with four long and two short stamens. This trait, along with a bean-like fruit known as a silique, helps to place this species in the mustard family (Brassicaceae); this is the same family as many commonly eaten vegetables, such as cauliflower. 
Steve Matson Section 2Goodding's WillowSalix gooddingiiFebruary–March Joshua Tree National Park has four species of willow—a surprising number for such an arid landscape! Willows are phreatophytes, plants that depend on ground water. For this reason, you will only find willows along canyon washes, near springs, or wherever there is surface water, such as at Barker Dam. All willows produce a chemical similar to aspirin called salacin; the leaves of Goodding’s willow are commonly used in Mexico for treating fevers. 
Steve Matson Mule-fatBaccharis salicifoliayear-round Mule-fat is also common near water sources, and you might at first mistake it for a willow. In fact, salicifolia refers to the fact that the leaves resemble those of the genus Salix (willows). You can distinguish the two because mule-fat has leaves with three main veins arising from the leaf base, where willow only has one. Additionally, flowers of the two genera are completely different: mule-fat belongs to the Asteraceae family, which includes sunflowers. 
Steve Matson Skunk BushRhus aromaticaMarch–May This species is our only representative of the Anacardiaceae family, which contains many species toxic to the touch, such as poison ivy and poison sumac. Don’t worry: skunk bush won’t give you a rash. It has several uses and is known to the Cahuilla people as selet and to the Chemehuevi as soo-hoo-vimp. They ate the berries raw, or dried and ground them into a powder which could be used to make a tasty drink. They also used the stalks of skunk bush in basket making; the Serrano skinned the stalks and used them as a splint base for baskets. 
Broadleaf CattailTypha latifoliaJune–July Cattails are common and widespread at freshwater wetlands throughout North America. The broadleaf cattail, or ku’ut to the Cahuilla people, was an important traditional food source. They dried and ground the roots into a meal, and ate the more tender portions of the plant raw. The pollen from flowering stalks is high in nutrients, and the Cahuilla took advantage of this by forming it into cakes and porridges. 
Section 3Heermann's BuckwheatEriogonum heermanniiApril–November Eriogonum is by far one of the most species-rich genera in North America. In Joshua Tree National Park alone we have 25 species! Plants in this group are important members of the desert ecosystem due to the large number of butterflies and moths that use them as a larval food source. In many cases, these butterflies are considered monophagous, meaning their caterpillars will only feed on this genus or even one particular species. The desert Sheridan’s hairstreak is an example of a butterfly that depends on Heermann’s buckwheat. This densely branched shrub can be found growing among boulders, but you won’t see the delicate white flowers until autumn. 
James Andre Bush MuhlyMuhlenbergia porteriJuly–October The Mojave Desert is home to many native perennial grasses, including bush muhly. You can identify this species most easily in summer, when its light pink, spreading inflorescence is in bloom. Like many grasses that thrive in the desert, bush muhly uses C4 photosynthesis. This type of photosynthesis is much more efficient at producing energy at high temperatures, because it prevents water loss through complex metabolic pathways. This strategy allows many summer-blooming species to flourish in the high heat, while other species are essentially dormant. 
James Andre Mojave pricklypearOpuntia phaeacanthaPancake CactusOpuntia chloroticaThese two species of cactus are very closely related, but you can find distinct differences in their morphology. The pancake cactus has very round paddles, while those of the Mojave pricklypear are more oblong; the spines of the latter are generally reddish brown at the base and white at the tip, whereas the spines on pancake cactus are only one color. The biggest difference, however, is in their stature: the pancake cactus can be up to eight feet tall with a tree-like central stem at the base. The Mojave pricklypear, on the other hand, sprawls on the ground, becoming wider than tall. The pads of both species can be diced and boiled before eating. The fruit can be eaten raw, but only after removing the outer spines by rolling the fruit on the ground. 
Neal Kramer ClematisClematis paucifloraYou will likely find this vining species supporting itself on other plants. Primarily a coastal and montane species of Southern California, clematis is at the far eastern edge of its range here in the park. It is a good example of the cismontane (mountainside) component of our park flora. This genus is known for its beautiful flowers with showy sepals and unique fruiting structures; many species are cultivated as ornamentals. 
Fremont's MilkvetchAstragalus lentiginosus var. fremontiiApril–July Astragalus is a diverse genus in the bean family (Fabaceae) containing many species that are extremely rare. Many are highly adapted to specific habitats or types of soil. To add to this complex diversity, this particular species has 19 recognized varieties! The best way to identify this species is to look for the rattling, inflated pods. These were ground and used as a spice for beans and other foods by the Cahuilla.
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Last updated: July 11, 2017