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The majority of the content available on the History & Culture: Shipwrecks website at Isle Royale National Park has been derived from the 1987 work, "Submerged Cultural Resources Study: Isle Royale National Park," produced by the Submerged Cultural Resources Unit of the National Park Service and originally edited by Daniel J. Lenihan. The works referenced in that study and on the Shipwrecks website are listed below. Visit www.worldcat.org to locate these items at a library near you. Books and Articles ReferencedAbert, J.J. 1848. “Commerce on the Lakes and Western Rivers . Letter from the Secretary of War, January 12, 1848.” 30th Congress, 1st Session, no. 19. Adams, Charles C. 1909. An Ecological Survey of Isle Royale, Lake Superior . Report of the University of Michigan for the Geological Survey, 1908. Hallenbech, Crawford, Lansing: Wynkoop. Adams, James T., ed. 1940. Dictionary of American History. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. Aitken, Hugh G.J. 1954. The Welland Canal Co. Cambridge, Massachusetts. Albion, Robert G. 1938. Square-Riggers on Schedule. Princeton: Princeton University. American Bureau of Shipping. 1902. Record of American and Foreign Shipping. New York: American Bureau of Shipping. ———. 1917. Rules for Building and Classifying Vessels, 1914-1917. New York: American Bureau of Shipping. American Bureau of Shipping 1900 Rules for Building and Classifying Vessels. 1900. New York: American Bureau of Shipping. “American Fur Company Letters 1834-35.” 1835. In Microfilm Copies from the New York Historical Society Collection. Glenn Black Laboratory of Archeology, Ohio Valley-Great Lakes Ethnohistory Archive, Indiana University. “Ancient Workings.” 1849. Lake Superior Journal 5 (6). Anderson, Romola, and R.C. Anderson. 1963. The Sailing Ship. Bonanza, New York. Andrews, Frank. 1910. “Grain Movements in the Great Lakes Region.” U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Statistics, Bulletin 81. Andrews, Israel D. 1852. “Report on the Trade and Commerce of British North American Colonies and upon the Trade of the Great Lakes and Rivers.” In Communication from the Secretary of the Treasury. Washington, D.C: U.S. Senate. Arthurs, David. 1982. Field Notes and Maps of Star Island Reconnaissance Survey. Santa Fe: National Park Service, Southwest Cultural Resources Center, Submerged Cultural Resources Unit. Ashburn, T.Q. 1925. “Transportation on Inland Waterways.” Transactions of The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers 33: 67–90. Avery, Thomas. 1974. The Mystery Ship From 19 Fathoms. Autrain, Michigan: Avery Color Studios. Babcock, W.I. 1899. “System of Work in a Great Lakes Shipyard.” Transactions of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers 7: 173–188. Baggley, George W. 1927. Report to Director, July 28, 1937. Washington, D.C: National Park Service. Baier, Louis A. 1955. Contributions of the Department of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering to Great Lakes Shipping. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan. Baker, W.A., and Tre Tryckare. 1965. The Engine Powered Vessel. Crescent, New York. Ballert, Albert G. 1962. Bibliography, Great Lakes Research Checklist. Ann Arbor: Great Lakes Commission. Barkhausen, Henry N. 1947. Great Lakes Sailing Ships . The Ships and Sailing Albums. Vol. Book 2. Kalmbach, Milwaukee. Barnaby, K.C. 1962. The Institution of Naval Architects 1860-1960. London: Allen and Unwin. ———. 1964. A Hundred Years of Specialized Shipbuilding. London: Hutchison. Barry, James P. 1973. Ships of the Great Lakes. 300 Years of Navigation. Berkeley: Howell-North. Barton, John Kennedy. 1914. Naval Reciprocating Engines and Auxiliary Machinery; Textbook for the Instruction of Midshipmen at the U.S. 3rd ed. revised by H.O. Sticknay. Annapolis: Naval Academy. Bass, George. 1966. Archaeology Under Water. New York: Fredrick A. Praeger. ———. 1983. “A Plea for Historical Particularism in Nautical Archaeology.” In Shipwreck Anthropology, edited by Richard A. Gould, 91–104. Albuquerque: School of American Research/University of New Mexico Press. Bastian, Tyler. 1961. “Trace Element and Metallographic Studies of Prehistoric Copper Artifacts in North America A Review.” In Lake Superior Copper and the Indians, edited by J.B. Griffin, 151–175. University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology. ———. 1963. “Prehistoric Copper Mining in Isle Royale National Park, Michigan.” Ms. thesis, University of Utah. Bearss, Edwin C. 1966. Hardluck Iron Clad. The Sinking and Salvage of the Cairo. Baton Rouge: Louisiana University Press. Beasley, Norman. 1930. Freighters of Fortune: The Story of the Great Lakes. New York: Harper & Brothers. Beckles, Henry. 1900. The Great Company 1667-1871. Vol. 2. London: Smith, Elder & Company. Benson, Barbara E. 1976. “Logs and Lumber: The Development of the Lumber Industry in Michigan’s Lower Peninsula, 1837-1870.” Ph.D. dissertation., Ann Arbor: University Microfilms. Blue Book of American Shipping. 1900. Cleveland: Marine Review Publishing. Board of Lake Underwriters. 1866. Rules Relative to the Construction of Lake Sail and Steam Vessels. Matthews and Warren, Buffalo. Bowen, Dana Thomas. 1940. Lore of the Lakes. Datona Beach: By the Author. ———. 1952. Shipwrecks of the Lakes. Daytona Beach: By the Author. Boyer, Dwight. 1968. Great Ships of the Great Lakes. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. ———. 1971. True Tales of the Great Lakes. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. ———. 1977. Ships and Men of the Great Lakes. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company. Brady, Edward M. 1960. Marine Salvage Operations. Cambridge: Cornell Maritime Press. Brainerd, Winthrop. 1986. Recommendations Concerning the Proper Disposition of Human Remains in National Marine Sanctuaries. Washington, D.C: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management. Brown, Oliver G. 1910. Report of Inspection, Passage Island Light, Lake Superior, Michigan. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of Light-Houses. Brown, W.Russell. 1945. “Ships at Port Arthur and Fort William.” Inland Seas 11: 45–51. Bryan, William. 1896. “The Western River Steamboat.” American Society of Mechanical Engineers Transactions 17: 386–397. Bryant, H.C., Thomas C. Vint, and John D. Coffman. 1935. Report on Isle Royale, Part 1 Isle Royale Administration and Personnel Inspections and Investigations by Headquarters Officers, July 15, 1935. Washington, D.C: National Park Service. Bryce, George. 1900. The Remarkable History of the Hudson’s Bay Company, Including That of the French: Traders of North-Western Canada and of the North-West, XY, and Astor Fur Companies. London. Bureau, U. S. Census. 1960. Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1957. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. Bureau Veritas International Reporting of Shipping. 1913. Rules and Regulations for the Building and Classification of Steel Vessels Intended for Inland Navigation. London: Bureau Veritas International Reporting of Shipping. Burke, John A. 1975. “Barrels to Barrows, Buckets to Belts: 120 Years of Iron Ore Handling on the Great Lakes.” Inland Seas 31 (4). Butler, B.S., and W.S. Birbank. 1929. “The Copper Deposits of Michigan.” In U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 144. Washington, D.C. Carrell, Toni. 1983. Shipwrecks of Isle Royale National Park, Thematic Group Nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. Santa Fe: National Park Service, Southwest Cultural Resources Center, Submerged Cultural Resources Unit. ———. 1986. “Management Strategies for Shipwrecks on Submerged Public Lands.” In Underwater Archaeology: The Proceedings of the Fourteenth Conference on Underwater Archaeology, edited by Calvin R. Cummings, 7:44. Special Publication. San Marino: Fathom Eight. Carvel, John L. 1950. Stephen of Linthouse: A Record of Two Hundred Years of Shipbuilding 1750-1950. Glasgow: Alexander Stephen and Sons. Celler, L.Craig. 1975. Classified Structure Field Inventory Report and Historic Structure Worksheet. Houghton: Isle Royale National Park. Chadwick, F.E. 1891. Ocean Steamships: A Popular Account of Their Construction, Development, Management and Appliances. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. Channing, Edward, and Marion F. Lansing. 1909. The Story of the Great Lakes. New York: MacMillan. Chapelle, Howard I. 1935. The History of American Sailing Ships. New York: Bonanza Books. ———. 1936. American Sailing Craft. New York: Bonanza Books. ———. 1951. American Small Sailing Craft. New York: W. W. Norton. ———. 1967. The Search for Speed Under Sail 1700-1855. London: Conway Maritime Press. Christian, Sarah B. 1932. Winter on Isle Royale: A Narrative of Life on Isle Royale During the Years of 1874 and 1875. Houghton: Isle Royale National Park. Civilian Conservation Corps 1936-41 Camp Siskiwit Log. 1939. Houghton: Isle Royale National Park. Civilian Conservation Corps Report, January 5, 1939, Part 1: Isle Royale Publicity, Statistics, Entertainment. 1939. Washington, DC: National Park Service. Clowes, G.S. 1927. Catalogue of the Collections in the Science Museum, South Kensington. Water Transport Sec. II. Merchant Steamers. London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office. Cochrane, Timothy. 1978. Memorandum to Files Re: George Mead Lumber Company Logging Operations on Siskiwit Bay, 1935-36. Houghton: Isle Royale National Park. ———. 1982. “The Folklife Expressions of Three Isle Royale Fishermen: A Sense of Place Examination.” Master’s thesis, Western Kentucky University. ———. 1983. “A Study of Folk Architecture on Isle Royale: The Johnson/Holte Fishery.” In National Park Service, Southwest Cultural Resources Center, Submerged Cultural Resources Unit. Santa Fe. Cockrell, Wilburn A. 1980. “The Trouble with Treasure: A Preservationist View of the Controversy.” American Antiquity 45:333-39. ———. 1982. “Archaeology, Sports Diving and Shipwrecks.” Edited by Calvin R. Cummings. Underwater Archaeology: The Proceedings of the Eleventh Conference on Underwater Archaeology, Special Publication, 4: 124–129. ———. 1983. “A Trial Classificatory Model for the Analysis of Shipwrecks.” In Shipwreck Anthropology, edited by Richard A. Gould, 207–218. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press. Conary, Kate E.K. 1939. Interview in Daily Mining Gazette , June 21, 1939. Cotter, John L. 1968. Handbook for Historical Archeology. Vol. Part I. Wyncott, Pennsylvania: Cotter. Croil, James. 1898. Steam Navigation and Its Relation to the Commerce of Canada and the United States. Toronto: William Briggs. Cumberland, B. 1913. “Canoe, Sail and Steam: Early Navigation on the Great Lakes.” Canadian Magazine 42: 85–92. Cummings, Calvin R. 1978. “The Southwest Region Model for National Park Service Cultural Resources Management.” In Paper Presented to the Annual Meeting of American Anthropological Association, Los Angeles. Ms. on File, National Park Service, Southwest Cultural Resources Center. Santa Fe. ———. 1981. “Cultural Resources Management: A Statement of Concerns from a Conservation Archeology Perspective.” Journal of Field Archaeology 8 (1). ———. 1983. “Defined Professional Criteria for Underwater Archaeology.” In Proceedings of the Alaskan Marine Archeology Workshop, 83–9:111–124. Alaska Sea Grant Report. Fairbanks: University of Alaska. ———. 1986a. “A Matter of Ethics.” In Underwater Archaeology: The Proceedings of the Fourteenth Conference on Underwater Archaeology, edited by Calvin R. Cummings, 7:. Special Publication. San Marino: Fathom Eight. ———. 1986b. “Research Programs for the Management of Cultural Resources in Marine Protected Areas.” In Paper Presented to International Marine Protected Areas Seminar, June 1-12. In Proceedings. ———. 1986c. Underwater Archeology and Maritime Preservation: Issues and Concerns. A Statement Prepared for the Workshop “Technologies for Underwater Archeology and Maritime Preservation” Office of Technology Assessment. Washington, DC: U.S. Congress. Cummings, Calvin R., and Edward F. Miller. 1987a. Guidelines for Submitting Applications for Archaeological Research Permits in National Marine Sanctuaries. Washington, DC: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Marine and Estuarine Management Division. ———. 1987b. Policies for the Management of Historical and Cultural Resources. Washington, D.C: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Marine and Estuarine Management Division. Curr, Robert. 1907. “Lake Shipyard Methods of Steel Ship Construction.” Marine Review May 30: 40–42. ———. 1908. “Shipbuilding on the Great Lakes.” Transactions of the Society of Naval and Marine Engineers 16: 195–209. Curtis, W.H. 1919. The Elements of Wood Ship Construction. New York: McGraw Hill. Curwood, James O. 1909. The Great Lakes: The Vessels That Plough Them: Their Owners, Their Sailors, and Their Cargoes, Together with a Brief History of Our Inland Seas. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons. Cuthbertson, George A. 1931. Freshwater, a History and Narrative of the Great Lakes. New York: Macmillan. Davis, Charles G. 1933. The Built-Up Ship Model. Reprint. Largo, Florida: Edward W. Sweetman. Delgado, James P. 1986. National Historic Landmark Study: USS MONITOR. Washington, D.C: National Park Service. ———, ed. 1987a. “Maritime Preservation Edition.” The Journal of the Association for Preservation Technology 9 (1). ———. 1987b. Nominating Historic Vessels and Shipwrecks to the National Register of Historic Places. Vol. 20. Bulletin. Washington, D.C: National Park Service. Denny, Archibald. 1897. “The Design and Building of a Steamship.” Cassier’s Magazine August:393-405. Desmond, Charles. 1935. Naval Architecture Simplified. New York: Rudder. Detroit Historical Publishing Company. 1877. Marine History of the Lake Ports. Detroit: Detroit Historical Publishing. Dickinson, J.N. 1967. “The Canal at Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan: Inception, Construction, Operation, and the Canal Grant Lands.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin. Dohrmann, Donald R. 1976. “Screw Propulsion in American Lake and Coastal Steam Navigation, 1840-1860: A Case Study in the Diffusion of Technological Innovation.” Ph.D. dissertation, Yale University. Doner, Mary F. 1958. The Salvager: The Life of Captain Tom Reid on the Great Lakes. Minnesota: Ross and Haines. Donovan, Frank R. 1966. River Boats of America. New York: Crowell. Dorin, Patrick C. 1979. The Lake Superior Iron Ore Railroads: The World’s Heaviest Trains. New York: Bonanza Books. Dornfield, A.A. 1957. Steamships: A Hundred Years Ago. Vol. 4. New Series. Chicago Historical Society. Dorr, E.P. 1876. Rules for Construction, Inspection and Characterization of Sail and Steam Vessels. Buffalo: By the Author. Dustin, Fred. 1932. “A Summary of the Archeology of Isle Royale, Michigan. Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science.” Arts and Letter 16: 1–16. ———. 1946. “Isle Royale Place Names.” Michigan History 16 (4). ———. 1957. “An Archeological Reconnaissance of Isle Royale.” Michigan History 41: 1–34. Eccleston, E.C. 1941. Report to Chief, Park Operations Division. Washington, D.C: National Park Service. Edwards, V.B., and Fred C. Cole. 1945. “Water Transportation on Inland Rivers.” In Historical Transactions 1893-1941, 400–422. New York. Eliot, John L. 1985. “Isle Royale: North Woods Park Primeval.” National Geographic 167 (4). Engman, Elmer. 1976. Shipwreck Guide to the Western Half of Lake Superior. Duluth: Innerspace. Ericson, Bernard. 1962. The Evolution of Ships on the Great Lakes, Part I: Early History, Great Lakes and Great Rivers and Eastern Canadian Section. Cleveland: The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, Pittsburgh Steamship Division. Estep, H.Cole. 1918. How Wooden Ships Are Built. Cleveland: Penton. Evans, William H. 1967. “Days of the Steamboats.” Parents Magazine. Fairbairn, William. 1863. “On the Construction of Iron-Plated Ships.” Transactions of the Institution of Naval Architects 4: 1–15. ———. 1865. Treatise on Iron Ship Building: Its History and Progress. London: Longmans, Green. Feltner, Charles E., and Jeri B. Feltner. 1982. Great Lakes Maritime History: Bibliography and Sources of Information. Dearborn: Seajay Publications. Finn, J.Leo. 1979. Old Shipping Days in Oswego. Oswego: Oswego County Board of Supervisors. Fitch, Charles H. 1888. Report on Marine Engines and Steam Vessels in the U.S. Merchant Service. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of the Interior, Census Office. Fite, Gilbert C., and Jim E. Reese. 1965. An Economic History of the United States. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Fletcher, Daniel. 1960. “A Study of Package Freight Carriers on the Great Lakes.” Ph.D. dissertation., Ann Arbor: University Microfilms. Fletcher, R.A. 1910. Steamships: The Story of Their Development to the Present Day. London: Sidwick and Jackson. Fowles, Otton. 1925. Sault Ste. Marie and Its Great Waterways. New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons. Fox, George R. 1911. “An Ancient Copper Workings on Isle Royale.” Wisconsin Archaeologist 10 (75). Franchere, Gabriel. 1939. Journal of His Voyage in the BREWSTER to Grand Portage, Isle Royale and the Anse in August, 1839. Houghton: Michigan Technological University Library. Frederickson, Arthur C., and Lucy F. Frederickson. 1961. Ships and Shipwrecks in Door County Wisconsin. Vol. 2. Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin. Gale, Phil. 1987. Interview Recorded by Toni Carrell and Ken Vrana, March 17, 1987. Santa Fe: National Park Service, Southwest Cultural Resources Center, Submerged Cultural Resources Unit. Gilmore, James. 1956. The St. Lawrence River Canals Vessel. Montreal: The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. Gjerset, Knut. 1928. Norwegian Sailors on the Great Lakes. Northfield: Norwegian-American Historical Association. Goodrich, Carter. 1961. Canals and American Economic Development. New York: Columbia University. Gould, Richard A., ed. 1983. Shipwreck Anthropology. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico. Graham, C.S. 1958. “The Transition from Paddle-Wheel to Screw Propeller.” Mariner’s Mirror 44: 45–46. Greenhill, Basil. 1980. Schooners. Annapolis: Naval Institute. Greenwood, J.O. 1973. Namesakes II: A Sequel to Namesakes of the Lakes. Cleveland: Freshwater Press. Haber, Gordon. 1962. Field Report on Cemetery Island. Houghton: Isle Royale National Park. Hakala, D.Robert. 1955. Isle Royale Primeval Prince: A History. Houghton: Isle Royale National Park. Hall, Henry. 1880. “Report on the Ship-Building Industry of the United States.” U.S. Tenth Census 8: 1–276. Hall, John W. 1870. Marine Disasters of Western Lakes During the Navigation of 1869. Detroit: Wetunis. Hall, Stephen P. 1976. Duluth-Superior Harbor Cultural Resources Study. St. Paul: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, St. Paul District. Hamilton, Frank E. n.d. Notes on PURITAN/GEORGE M. COX. Richard J. Wright Collection. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green State University. Harrison, John Maclean. 1974. The Fate of the GRIFFON. 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Interview Recorded by Toni Carrell and Ken Vrana, February 3, 1987, Re: Lake Superior Small Craft Construction. Santa Fe: National Park Service, Southwest Cultural Resources Center, Submerged Cultural Resources Unit. Hoagland, Henry E. 1917. Wage Bargaining on the Vessels of the Great Lakes. Urbana: University of Illinois. Hodge, William. 1884. The Pioneer Steamboats on Lake Erie. Buffalo: Bigelow Brothers. Hoge, Anna B. 1984. Interview Recorded by Bruce Weber, July 19, 1984, Re: Passage Island Lighthouse. Houghton: Isle Royale National Park. Hohman, Elmo P. 1956. History of the American Merchant Seaman. Hamden, Connecticut: Shoestring Press. Holden, Thomas R. 1974. “Park Interpretation as an Environmental Communication Process with a Sample Interpretive Booklet Text on the Maritime Disaster History of Siskiwit Bay, Isle Royale, Lake Superior.” Master’s thesis, Madison: University of Wisconsin. ———. 1976. “On The Rocks Isle Royale Style.” Nor’Easter 1 (1). ———. 1985. Above and Below: A History of Lighthouses and Shipwrecks of Isle Royale. Houghton: Isle Royale Natural History Association. ———. n.d. “A Shallow Grave for the AMERICA.” The Nordic Diver 1 (2). Holecek, Donald F., and Susan J. Lothrop. 1980a. Attitudes of a Scuba Diving Population Concerning Government Regulation of Underwater Resources. Ann Arbor: Michigan Sea Grant Technical Report. ———. 1980b. Shipwreck vs. Nonshipwreck Scuba Divers: Characteristics, Behavior, and Expenditure Patterns. Ann Arbor: Michigan Sea Grant Technical Reprort. Holecek, Donald F., and E.Thomas Smiley. 1982. Management Guidelines for Michigan’s Great Lakes Bottomland Preserves. Ann Arbor: Michigan Sea Grant. Holte, Ingeborg. 1984. Ingeborg’s Isle Royale. Grand Marais: Women’s Times. Houghton, Jacob. 1896. Letter to George A. Newett, Ishpeming, Michigan, November 22. Hougton: Isle Royale National Park. Hruska, Robert. 1987. 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Rakestraw, September 30, 1965. Houghton: Isle Royale National Park. Johnson, Milford, Jr. 1986. Interview Recorded by Ken Vrana, August 23, 1986. Santa Fe: National Park Service, Southwest Cultural Resources Center, Submerged Cultural Resources Unit. ———. 1987. Interview Recorded by Toni Carrell and Ken Vrana, February 3, 1987. Santa Fe: National Park Service, Southwest Cultural Resources Center, Submerged Cultural Resources Unit. Johnson, Myrtle. 1986. Interview Recorded by Ken Vrana, August 23, 1986. Santa Fe: National Park Service, Southwest Cultural Resources Center, Submerged Cultural Resources Unit. Johnston, Paul. 1983. Steam and the Sea. Salem: Peabody Museum of Salem. Kasson, John F. 1976. Civilizing the Machine: Technology and Republican Values in America 1776-1900. New York: Grossman. Keel, Bennie. 1979. “A View from the Inside.” American Antiquity 44 (1). ———. 1985. White Paper: Disposition of Human Remains. Washington, DC: National Park Service. 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