Species Lists

Pale salamander (Gyrinophilus palleucus palleucus).

NPS Photo

One of the primary goals of the Cumberland Piedmont Network (CUPN) is to develop and maintain certified vascular plant and vertebrate species lists for each network park. The information presented in these web-based species lists are subsets of data managed in NPSpecies, which is the master biodiversity database for the National Park Service, and is the tool used by the Network to meet this goal.

The vertebrate and vascular plant species lists presented here have gone through a certification process. This involves the evaluation and review of the species information by local experts who are well-versed in the biology, taxonomy and nomenclature of species in the network parks. Lists for other taxa are not certified at present.

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Species Attribute Definitions

Definitions

Occurrence

Occurrence values are defined below. One or more Occurrence Tags may be associated with each Occurrence value.

Present: Species occurs in park; current, reliable evidence available.

Probably Present: High confidence species occurs in park but current, verified evidence needed.

Unconfirmed: Species is attributed to park but evidence is weak or absent.

Not In Park: Species is not known to occur in park.

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Occurrence Tags

Adjacent: Species is known to occur in areas near to or contiguous with park boundaries.

False Report: Species was reported to occur within the park, but current evidence indicates the report was based on misidentification, a taxonomic concept no longer accepted, or other similar problem of error or interpretation.

Historical: Species' historical occurrence in park is documented. Assigned based on judgment as opposed to determination based on age of the most recent evidence.

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Abundance

Abundant:

• Animals: May be seen daily, in suitable habitat and season, and counted in relatively large numbers.
• Plants: Large number of individuals; wide ecological amplitude or occurring in habitats covering a large portion of the park.

Common:

• Animals: May be seen daily, in suitable habitat and season, but not in large numbers.
• Plants: Large numbers of individuals predictably occurring in commonly encountered habitats but not those covering a large portion of the park.

Uncommon:

• Animals: Likely to be seen monthly in appropriate habitat and season. May be locally common.
• Plants: Few to moderate numbers of individuals; occurring either sporadically in commonly encountered habitats or in uncommon habitats.

Rare:

• Animals: Present, but usually seen only a few times each year.
• Plants: Few individuals, usually restricted to small areas of rare habitat.

Occasional:

• Animals: Occurs in the park at least once every few years, varying in numbers, but not necessarily every year.
• Plants: Abundance variable from year to year (e.g., desert plants).

Unknown: Abundance unknown

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Nativeness

Native: Species naturally occurs in park or region.

Non-native: Species occurs on park lands as a result of deliberate or accidental human activities.

Unknown: Nativeness status is unknown or ambiguous.

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List Differences

The Checklist contains only those species that are designated as "present" or "probably present" in the park.

The Full List includes all the checklist species in addition to species that are unconfirmed, historically detected, or incorrectly reported as being found in the park. The full list also contains species that are "in review" because their status in the park hasn't been fully determined. Additional details about the status of each species is included in the full list.

The checklist will almost always contain fewer species than the full list.

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Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site Chickamauga & Chattanooga National Military Park Cowpens National Battlefield Cumberland Gap National Historical Park Fort Donelson National Battlefield Guilford Courthouse National Military Park Kings Mountain National Military Park Little River Canyon National Preserve Mammoth Cave National Park Ninety Six National Historic Site Russell Cave National Monument Shiloh National Military Park Stones River National Battlefield

Select a Species Category (optional):

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Species attribute definitions

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Visit NPSpecies for more comprehensive information and advanced search capability. Have a suggestion or comment on this list? Let us know.