What We Monitor

Vital signs are a set of physical elements, chemical elements, biological elements, or processes that occur within park ecosystems. They are selected to represent the overall health or condition of park resources, effects of stressors, or elements that have important human values. Broadly speaking, park vital signs may include:

  • Water
  • Air
  • Geologic resources
  • Plants and animals, and
  • Various ecological, biological, and physical processes that act on those resources.

By monitoring vital signs over the long term, the Cumberland Piedmont Network and park staff can determine if significant changes have occurred and can begin to understand why. Such knowledge is essential for meeting the NPS mission of preserving park resources "unimpaired for future generations."

In situations where natural areas have been so highly altered that normal processes no longer operate, monitoring can also help natural resource managers develop the most effective approach to restoration or ecologically sound management.

The Cumberland Piedmont Network Monitoring Plan provides a detailed description of the strategy for monitoring these vital signs.

Vital Signs

  • Allegheny woodrat (Neotoma magister) eating mushrooms. Photo by Steve Thomas.
    Allegheny Woodrat Monitoring

    Allegheny woodrats are good indicators of the condition of a park's surface and cave ecosystems.

  • Cave Aquatic Biota GYPA
    Cave Aquatic Biota Monitoring

    Cave Aquatic Biota are monitored at three parks in the Cumberland Piedmont Network including CUGA, MACA and RUCA.

  • Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) Cluster. Photo by Steve Thomas.
    Cave Bats Monitoring

    Cave bats are important to nutrient-poor cave ecosystems. They import organic material to support a specialized cave invertebrate community.

  • Hadeonoecus subterraneus. Photo by Rick Olson
    Cave Crickets Monitoring

    Cave crickets are important to subsurface ecosystems. Monitoring provides parks with early warnings of cave ecosystem health issues.

  • The entrance to Dixon Cave at Mammoth Cave National Park.
    Cave Meteorology Monitoring

    Air temperature, relative humidity, and airflow are properties affecting both key species and biological communities in cave ecosystems.

  • Example of thousand cankers disease
    Invasive Species Monitoring

    Invasive species alter structure and composition of terrestrial and aquatic communities, and reduce overall species diversity.

  • Ozone injury on common milkweed. Image from http://nrs.fs.fed.us/fia/topics/ozone/species/pdf
    Ozone & Foliar Injury Monitoring

    Ozone affects vegetation in national parks.Research shows some plants are sensitive to ozone, and injury occurs well below the NAAQS.

  • Pitcher plants in Little River Canyon National Preserve
    Forest Vegetation Monitoring

    Plant communities are fundamental elements of all parks. Using permanent plots, the network tracks their composition and condition over time

  • Chickamauga  & Chattanooga National Military Park
    Water Quality & Quantity Monitoring

    The network provides an integrated assessment of the spatial and temporal distribution of general water-quality conditions.

Last updated: August 17, 2018