Grasslands of the American Southwest - References

References

Allen, E. B., and M. F. Allen. 1984. Competition between plants of different successional stages: mycorrhizae as regulators. Canadian Journal of Botany 62(12):2625-2629.

Archer, S., D. S. Schimel, and E. A. Hollad. 1995. Mechanisms of shrubland expansion: land use, climate, or CO2? Climatic Change 29: 91-99.

Bahre, C. J., and M. L. Shelton. 1993. Historic vegetation change, mesquite increases, and climate in southeastern Arizona. Journal of Biogeography 20(5): 489-504. Belnap, J., S. L. Phillips. 2001. Soil biota in an ungrazed grassland: response to annual grass (Bromus tectorum) invasion. Ecological Applications 11(5):1261-1275.

Belnap, J., J. H. Kaltenecker, R. Rosentreter, J. Williams, S. Leonard, and D. Eldridge. 2001. Biological soil crusts: ecology and management. USDI Bureau of Land Management. Technical Reference 1730-2. Denver, Colorado.

Brown, D. E. 1994. Biotic communities: southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, UT.

Brown J. H., and E. J. Heske. 1990. Control of a desert grassland transition by a keystone rodent guild. Science 250: 1705– 1707.

Finch, D. M., editor. 2004. Assessment of grassland ecosystem conditions in the Southwestern United States. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-135-vol. 1. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, Colorado.

Ford, P. L., D. U. Potter, R. Pendleton, B. Pendleton, W. A. Robbie, and G. J. Gottfried. 2004. Chapter 3: Southwestern grassland ecology. Pages 18-48 in D. M. Finch, editor. Assessment of grassland ecosystem conditions in the Southwestern United States. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-135- vol. 1. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, Colorado.

Gori, D. F., and C. F. Enquist. 2003. An assessment of the spatial extent and condition of grasslands in central and southern Arizona, southwest New Mexico, and northern Mexico. The Nature Conservancy, Arizona Chapter.

Kotliar, N. B., B. Miller, R. P. Reading, and T. W. Clark. 2006. The prairie dog as a keystone species. Pages 53–64 in J. L. Hoogland, editor. Conservation of the black-tailed prairie dog. Island Press, Washington, D.C.

Mau-Crimmins, T., A. Hubbard, D. Angell, C. Filippone, and N. Kline. 2005. Sonoran desert network vital signs monitoring plan. Technical Report NPS/IMR/SODN-003. National Park Service, Denver, Colorado.

Merola-Zwartjes, M. 2004. Chapter 4: Biodiversity, functional processes, and the ecological consequences of fragmentation in southwestern Grasslands. Pages 49-85 in D. M. Finch, editor. Assessment of grassland ecosystem conditions in the Southwestern United States. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-135-vol. 1. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, Colorado.

Milchunas, D. G. 2006. Responses of plant communities to grazing in the Southwestern United States. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-169, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, Colorado.

Miller, M. E. 2005. The structure and functioning of dryland ecosystems- conceptual models to inform long-term ecological monitoring. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5197, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.Morissey, R. J. 1950. The early range cattle industry in Arizona. Agricultural History 24(3): 151-156.

Morissey, R. J. 1950. The early range cattle industry in Arizona. Agricultural History 24(3): 151-156.

Noss, R. F., E. T. LaRoe, and J. M. Scott. 1995. Endangered ecosystems of the United States: a preliminary assessment of loss and degradation. Biological Report 28. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Service, Washington D.C.

Perkins, D. W., H. Sosinski, K. Cherwin, and T. F. Zettner. 2006. Southern plains network vital signs monitoring plan: phase II. National Park Service, Southern Plains Network, Johnson City, Texas.

Robbie, W. A. 2004. Chapter 2: Grassland assessment categories and extent. Pages 11-14 in D.M. Finch, editor. Assessment of grassland ecosystem conditions in the Southwestern United States. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-135- vol. 1. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fort Collins, Colorado.

Schlesinger, W. H., J. F. Reynolds, G. L. Cunningham, L. F. Huenneke, W. M. Jarrell, R. A. Virginia, and W. G. Whitford. 1990. Biological feedbacks in global desertification. Science 247: 1043-1048.

Truett, J. 1996. Bison and elk in the American Southwest: in search of the pristine. Environmental Management 20(2): 195-206.

Umbanhowar, C. E. 1996. Recent fire history of the northern Great Plains. American Midland Naturalist 135:115-121.

Van Auken, O. W. 2000. Shrub invasions of North American semiarid grasslands. Annual Reviews of Ecology and Systematics 31:197-215.

Van Auken, O. W. 2009. Causes and consequences of woody plant encroachment into western North American grasslands. Journal of Environmental Management 90: 2931-2942.

Whicker, J. J., D. D. Breshears, P. T. Wasiolek, T. B. Kirchner, R. A. Tavani, D. A. Schoep, and J. C. Rodgers. 2002. Temporal and spatial variation of episodic wind erosion in unburned and burned semiarid shrubland. Journal of Environmental Quality 31(2): 599-612.

Whitford, W. 2002. Ecology of Desert Systems. Academic Press, San Diego, California.

Prepared by Jamie Nielson, Kelly Reeves, and Lisa Thomas, Southern Colorado Plateau Network Inventory and Monitoring Program, 2010.