Guide to the National Park Service Oral History Collection

This finding aid describes the National Park Service (NPS) Oral History Collection, part of the NPS History Collection. To search this guide for names, places, key words, or phrases enter Ctrl F on your keyboard (command key + F key on a Mac). Request an in-person research appointment or get more information by contacting the archivist.

Examples of historic audio recording equipment. (NPS History Collection photo)

Collection Overview

Collection Number: HFCA 1817
Creator: National Park Service
Title: National Park Service Oral History Collection
Dates: 1937-2024 (bulk dates: 1962-2024)
Volume of Collection: 67.0 LF
Language of Materials: English

Digitized Copies: Many of the transcripts from this collection have been digitized. See the links within each series below for transcripts available online.

Conditions Governing Access: The collection is open for research use. Some materials may be restricted due to donor agreement or lack of release forms. See also the NPS general copyright and restricted information here. Available release forms are legal documents and are kept in the accession folders.

Provenance: Created by NPS employees, volunteers, and contractors to document the history of the NPS. Evison's interview tapes were received in multiple accessions. On July 16, 1971, five boxes of tapes, transcripts, and related materials were transferred to the NPS History Collection per the request of Cornelius Heine from the NPS Branch of General Services at the NPS Washington Office (WASO). Interview transcripts from the Regional Oral History Center and Dr. Hosmer were received as part of exchange agreements to share oral history transcripts. Other interviews were received from the NPS Park History Program, the NPS History Collection staff, or other projects from the 1980s-2020s.
Processing Note: This collection was processed and described by NPS History Collection staff and interns between 2017 and 2024. A small backlog of older interviews without transcripts remains. These will be transcribed as funding becomes available. Staff continues to digitize transcripts and post Section 508-compliant versions as time allows. Moreover, this is an open collection and oral history projects and interviews continue to accrue. To support research access, lists of narrators and interview dates are provided even when the materials have not been fully described. Questions about those interviews should be directed to the archivist.

Rights Statement for Archival Description: This guide is in the public domain.
Preferred Citation: NPS Oral History Collection, NPS History Collection (HFCA 1817)
Location of Repository: NPS History Collection, Harpers Ferry Center, PO Box 50, Harpers Ferry, WV 25425

Related Materials:

• Assembled Historic Records of the NPS (HFCA 1645) at the NPS History Collection
• Robert Cahn Papers (HFCA 1829) at the NPS History Collection
• Polly Welts Kaufman Papers (HFCA 1980) at the NPS History Collection
• NPS Paleontology Program Records (HFCA 2465) at the NPS History Collection
• Crater Lake National Park Oral History Series at Crater Lake National Park
• Oral History Collection at the Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley
• Jackson Hole Preservation Project Oral History at Columbia University's Center for Oral History
• Dr. Charles B. Hosmer Collection at the University of Maryland
• National Historic Preservation Program Oral Histories at Cornell University Library
• Herbert Evison Papers at the Denver Public Library
• Park-specific oral history collections at individual NPS sites. See Oral History Directory (2015) for more information about oral histories in other NPS collections.

Administrative History Note

Although some individuals collected oral histories on an ad hoc or park-specific basis in the 1940s-1950s, the first concerted NPS effort to systematically collect oral histories documenting the history of the NPS and its purposes, practices, organization, and objectives was conducted by S. Herbert Evison beginning in 1961, as research for a book he was preparing on NPS history. With the support of NPS Director Conrad L. Wirth, Evison was appointed “collaborator” (an unpaid position) in 1962. Wirth appropriated $3,000 to pay Evison to travel to the Midwest, West, and Southwest in 1962 and 1963. Evison collected over 120 interviews documenting the establishment and early management of the NPS, as well as the history of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC).

In September 1967, NPS Director George B. Hartzog tasked his special assistant, Cornelius W. Heine, with creating an archive for the NPS. From the outset, the value of oral histories to this collection was recognized as Heine was directed “to undertake immediately an oral history program centered on the personal reflections of former directors of the National Park Service and others who have played key roles in the development of the National Park Service.” As Heine described it, “the reflections would constitute a rich historical legacy and an invaluable repository of information which could be preserved for the many scholars and students who will surely wish to study carefully the National Park Service, one of the milestones in conservation history.”

In September 1969 Evison sent Director Hartzog a proposal “for resumption of the National Park Service’s tape-recording program, directed primarily, but not entirely, to record the recollections of those who participated in the Emergency Relief Programs of the period 1936-1941.” The emphasis of this effort would be ca. 135 subjects located in the East, Northeast, South, Southwest, and Washington, DC metropolitan area. Hartzog waited 14 months before approving Evison’s proposal, likely pending finalization of the NPS Archives study.

On October 20, 1970, Hartzog approved a proposal to establish an archive, now called the NPS History Collection, at Harpers Ferry Center (HFC). Dr. David Wallace was appointed chief of Museum Services for the new NPS Archives, and became Evison’s project supervisor. On June 17, 1971, Heine noted, "In order to facilitate and contribute to the establishment of a National Park Service Archives at Harpers Ferry and the coordination of our historic records program, in accordance with the Director's instructions, Dr. David Wallace has been assigned to direct this [oral history] project." Evison’s renewed oral history project became an integral part of the new, rapidly developing museum program at HFC. In 1974 Assistant Director for Interpretation William C. Everhart was asked to coordinate "all matters involving oral history for the Washington Office" and in a September 4, 1974, memorandum noted "our oral history program is being handled through Dr. Dave Wallace's office in the Harpers Ferry Center."

Oral history became increasingly popular in the 1960s and oral history as "an interpretive device" gained ground in the early 1970s. During this same period, more parks endeavored to create their own interviews. As a result, the Interpretation Division at the NPS Western Regional Office in San Francisco organized a two-day training for NPS interpreters in 1979, led by Dr. Miriam Stein from the Regional Oral History Office. The training was video-taped and, in March 1980, HFC created an edited program with written guidance to accompany the tapes, titled “The NPS Oral History Training Course.” Continuing its leadership role in NPS oral history, in 1980 and 1981 the Branch of Library and Archival Services at HFC conducted a survey of parks to determine the extent of the use of oral history and to compile a master list of all NPS oral histories.

Beginning in the late 1980s, NPS Bureau Historian Barry Mackintosh, and later his successor in that position Dr. Janet McDonnell, conducted oral histories related to specific research projects and with current and retired senior officials on an ad hoc basis. According to McDonnell, neither she nor Mackintosh had any formal background or training in oral history and they had almost no involvement with oral history at parks. During summer 2001 McDonnell conducted a new survey of oral history projects, practices, and collections in the NPS. The 2002 report Oral History in the National Park Service summarizes the results of the survey and programmatic issues faced by the NPS for capturing, preserving, and making oral history collections accessible. Using the survey results, McDonnell published an overview of the NPS's collection and use of oral histories in The Oral History Review in 2003. In June 2004, at the direction of NPS Chief Historian Dwight Pitcaithley, McDonnell developed the Handbook for Oral History in the National Park Service.

In 2007, NPS Chief Historian Robert K. Sutton created the first oral historian position in the NPS. Dr. Lu Ann Jones was selected as the staff historian with a focus on oral history. In that capacity, she collected oral histories with current and retired employees and developed training opportunities for NPS staff. Building upon the data from the 2001 survey, Jones also compiled "A Directory of Oral History in the National Park Service." Jones retired from the NPS on January 31, 2024.

Sources:

McDonnell, Janet A. (2017), pers. comm. to Lu Ann Jones and Nancy Russell, regarding the development of the oral history program in the NPS Park History Program, June 2, 2017.

McDonnell, Janet A. (2003), "Documenting Cultural and Historical Memory: Oral History in the National Park Service" published in The Oral History Review, Vol. 30, No. 2.

NPS correspondence contained within Series I and II of this collection (HFCA 1817).

Scope and Content Note

Analog and digital recordings, transcripts, correspondence, and research files created as part of oral history projects to document the history and management of the NPS. Narrators discuss topics such as the CCC; NPS directors, managers, and other employees; women's history; issues of equality and diversity; archeology; law enforcement; interpretation and education; history of the preservation movement; special events, including the 1976 bicentennial; September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks; Association of National Park Rangers (ANPR); Harpers Ferry Center (HFC); national heritage areas; safety; and the history of specific NPS units or programs such as the NPS Museum Management Program.

Arrangement

Organized into eight series, and thereunder into subseries as follows:

Series I: NPS Oral History Program Management Records, 1937-2004

Series II: S. Herbert Evison's National Park Service Oral History Project, 1952-1999 (bulk dates: 1962-1978)
Subseries A: Oral History Recordings, 1958-1975
Subseries B: Interview Transcripts, 1958-1978
Subseries C: Interview Notes and Draft Transcripts, 1959-1999 (bulk dates: 1970-1980)
Subseries D: Correspondence, 1961-1978
Subseries E: Subject Files, 1965-1978
Subseries F: Wiliam T. Ingersoll Interviews, 1973-1974
Sub-subseries 1: Oral History Recordings, 1973-1974
Sub-subseries 2: Interview Transcripts, 1973-1974
Sub-subseries 3: Correspondence, 1973-1974

Series III: Dorothy B. Huyck's Women in the NPS Oral History Project, 1942-1987 (bulk dates: 1976-1979)
Subseries A: Oral History Recordings, 1978-1979
Subseries B: Interview Transcripts, 1978-1979
Subseries C: Project Records and Research Notes, 1942-1987 (bulk dates: 1977-1979)
Sub-subseries 1: Research and Interview Notes, 1969-1978
Sub-subseries 2: Subject Files, 1942-1987

Series IV: NPS Park History Program's Oral History Projects, 1954-2022 (bulk dates: 1989-2020)
Subseries A: Interviews with NPS Directors, 1959-2005
Sub-subseries 1: Oral History Recordings, 1968-2005
Sub-subseries 2: Interview Transcripts, 1959-2005
Subseries B: General Interviews by NPS Historians, 1989-2004
Sub-subseries 1: Oral History Recordings, 1989-2004
Sub-subseries 2: Interview Transcripts, 1989-2004
Subseries C: September 11, 2011 Oral History Project, 2001-2004
Sub-subseries 1: Janet McDonnell’s 9/11 Interviews, 2001-2002
Sub-sub-subseries a: Oral History Recordings
Sub-sub-subseries b: Interview Transcripts and Report, 2001-2004
Sub-Subseries 2: Mark Schoepfle’s 9/11 Interviews, 2001-2002
Sub-sub-subseries a: Oral History Recordings, 2001-2002
Sub-sub-subseries b: Interview Transcripts, 2001-2002
Subseries D: Dr. Lu Ann Jones NPS Oral History Project, 1954-2017 (bulk dates: 2012-2017)
Sub-subseries 1: Oral History Recordings, 2009-2017
Sub-subseries 2: Interview Transcripts and Research Notes, 1954-2017 (bulk dates: 2012-2017)
Subseries E: Interviews with NPS Archeology Staff, 2013-2016
Sub-subseries 1: Oral History Recordings, 2013-2016
Sub-subseries 2: Interview Transcripts, Notes, and Publications, 2014-2016
Subseries F: Interviews with Harpers Ferry Center Staff, 2003, 2015-2021
Subseries G: Legacy of Learning Oral History Project, 2012
Sub-subseries 1: Oral History Recordings, 2012
Sub-subseries 2: Interview Transcripts and Research Notes, 2012
Subseries H: Association of National Park Rangers (ANPR) Oral History Project, 2012-2016
Sub-subseries 1: Oral History Recordings, 2012-2015
Sub-subseries 2: Interview Transcripts and Research Notes, 2012-2016
Subseries I: NPS Operational Leadership Program Interviews, 2018
Subseries J: Telling Our Untold Stories: Civil Rights in the NPS Project, 2018-2022
Subseries K: Women’s Voices: An Oral History of Women in the National Park Service, 2018, 2020-2021
Subseries L: National Heritage Areas Administrative History Project, 2014-2020
Sub-subseries 1: Oral Interviews, 2015-2020
Sub-subseries 2: Research Notes and Report, 2015-2019
Subseries M: 2013 Government Shutdown Oral History Project, 2014

Series V: Other Oral History Interviews with NPS Staff and Associated Persons, 1954-2005 (bulk dates: 1960-1986)
Subseries A: Albert C. Mauncy's Interviews with NPS Staff, 1969-1971
Sub-Subseries 1: Oral History Recordings, 1969-1971
Sub-subseries 2: Interview Transcripts, 1969-1971
Subseries B: Dr. Charles B. Hosmer's Oral History Projects, 1961-1986
Sub-subseries 1: Transcripts of Interviews with NPS Staff, 1961-1972
Sub-subseries 2: History of the Preservation Movement Interview Transcripts, 1981- 1986
Subseries C: Transcripts from Regional Oral History Program (Bancroft Library) Interviews with NPS Staff, 1960-1976
Subseries D: General Interviews with NPS Staff and Affiliated Individuals, 1954-2005
Sub-subseries 1: Oral History Recordings, 1954-2005
Sub-subseries 2: Interview Transcripts, 1954-2005

Series VI: Park-specific Oral History Projects, 1965-2022 (bulk dates: 1976-2022)
Subseries A: Southeast Archeological Center (SEAC) Administrative History Project, 2003-2004, 2007
Sub-Subseries 1: Oral History Recordings, 2003-2004
Sub-subseries 2: Interview Transcripts and Report, 2003-2004, 2007
Subseries B: C&O Canal Oral History Project Transcripts, 1965-1980
Subseries C: The Bicentennial at Independence NHP Oral History Project, 1976-1990
Sub-subseries 1: Oral History Recordings, 1976-1979
Sub-subseries 2: Interview Transcripts, 1976-1990 (bulk dates: 1976-1979)
Subseries D: Custer Battlefield Interpretation Oral History Project, 1986-1987
Sub-subseries 1: Oral History Recordings, 1986
Sub-subseries 2: Inventories and Interview Transcripts, 1986-1987
Subseries E: Cuyahoga Valley's Administrative History Interviews, 1989-1991
Subseries F: General Park Oral History Interviews, 1962-1991 (bulk dates: 1982)
Subseries G: Harpers Ferry Center 40th Anniversary Staff Interview Project, 2010, 2021-2022
Subseries H: Harpers Ferry Center 50th Anniversary Staff Interview Project, 2019-2022
Subseries I: Civil Rights Parks Oral History Project, 2021-2022

Series VII: NPS History Interviews, 2022-2024
Subseries A: General Employee Interviews, 2020-2024
Subseries B: US Park Police Interviews, 2022
Subseries C: National Parks and Conservation Association (NPCA) Interviews, 2023

Series VIII: NPS Cooperating Associations Oral History Project, 2022

Series I: NPS Oral History Program Management Records, 1937-2004

Volume of Series: 3.2 LF
Arranged alphabetically by topic.

Scope and Content Note

General program correspondence, NPS handbooks and training materials, NPS oral history policies, and NPS oral history surveys created by staff at HFC and in the NPS Office of the Chief Historian. Indexes of parks and people referenced in the various oral history projects, created by HFC staff, are included as both a printed spreadsheet and on index cards. HFC correspondence and working files for transcription of interview tapes for the Evison, Hosmer, Huyck, Ingersoll, and Manucy oral history projects are included. Correspondence with NPS directors Horace M. Albright and Newton B. Drury is also present. Correspondence with Cornelius Heine includes information on the study to develop the NPS Archives. Materials include training programs on reel-to-reel and cassette tape.

Container List

BOX 01
Folder 01: Collaborations: Columbia University, 1968-1976
Folder 02: Collaborations: Edison Archives, 1986
Folder 03: Collaborations: University of California, Berkeley, Correspondence, 1967-1988
Folder 04: Collaborations: University of California, Berkeley, Working Files, 1968-1979
Folder 05: Collaborations: Various Inter-Park Loan Agreements
Folder 06: Collaborations: Western Interpreters, 1976
Folder 07: Collecting, Using, and Preserving Oral History in the National Park Service, 1984 [1 of 2]
Folder 08: Collecting, Using, and Preserving Oral History in the National Park Service, 1984 [2 of 2]

BOX 02
Folder 01: Correspondence: General, 1965-1984
Folder 02: Correspondence: Heine, Cornelius, 1967-1971
Folder 03: Correspondence: McCoy, Diann, 1993-1997
Folder 04: Correspondence: Nathanson, David, 1980-1990
Folder 05: Correspondence: Wallace, David, 1970-1979
Folder 06: Forms: National Park Service Oral History Research Agreement, 1983-1984
Folder 07: Forms: Sample Oral History Research Agreements and Rules, undated
Folder 08: Guidelines for Oral History in the National Park Service, undated
Folder 09: HFC Oral History Index: Parks Referenced in Interviews, 1997
Folder 10: HFC Oral History Index: People Referenced in Interviews, 1995-1997
Folder 11: HFC Oral History Index: Topics Covered in Interviews, undated

BOX 03
Folder 01: HFC Oral History Index Cards: Catalog of Interviewee Name, Date, and Tape Number (Evison, Hosmer, Ingersoll), undated
Folder 02: HFC Oral History Index Cards: Index of Parks Referenced in Transcripts/Oral Histories of Interviewees [1 of 2]

BOX 04
Folder 01: HFC Oral History Index Cards: Index of Parks Referenced in Transcripts/Oral Histories of Interviewees [2 of 2]
Folder 02: HFC Oral History Index Cards: Index of Persons Referenced in Transcripts/Oral Histories of Interviewees [1 of 2]

BOX 05
Folder 01: HFC Oral History Index Cards: Index of Persons Referenced in Transcripts/Oral Histories of Interviewees [2 of 2]

BOX 06
Folder 01: HFC Oral History Log Book: Bearss (Eisenhower Tapes), 1973
Folder 02: HFC Oral History Log Book: C&O Canal, 1965-1980
Folder 03: HFC Oral History Log Book: Cockrell, Ron, 1989
Folder 04: HFC Oral History Log Book: Custer Battlefield, 1986-1987
Folder 05: HFC Oral History Log Book: Hosmer, Charles, 1981-1986
Folder 06: HFC Oral History Log Book: Huyck, Dorothy, 1978-1979
Folder 07: HFC Oral History Log Book: Mixed Interviewers, 1958-1981
Folder 08: HFC Oral History Log Book: Kaufman, Polly, 1985-1989
Folder 09: HFC Oral History Log Book: Tuskegee Institute, 1973-1979
Folder 10: Project: Bicentennial Oral History, 1977-1978
Folder 11: Project: Evison, Herbert: Correspondence, 1969-1983
Folder 12: Project: Evison, Herbert: Working Files, 1962-1974
Folder 13: Project: Hosmer, Charles: Correspondence. 1981-1987
Folder 14: Project: Hosmer, Charles: Working Files, 1981-1988
Folder 15: Project: Huyck, Dorothy: Correspondence, 1977-1986
Folder 16: Project: Huyck, Dorothy: Working Files, 1937-1986
Folder 17: Project: Ingersoll, William: Correspondence, 1973-1974
Folder 18: Project: Mauncy, Albert: Working Files, undated

BOX 07
Folder 01: Oral History Training Course, 1980
Folder 02: Oral History Training Tapes Outline, 1980
Folder 03: Plan of Action, 2003-2004
Folder 04: Policies and Procedures for Use of Archival Collections, 1981-1986
Folder 05: Research Articles, 1968-2001
Folder 06: Research General, 1964-1987
Folder 07: Survey: 1981 Oral History Survey Forms, Parks A-D, 1980-1982
Folder 08: Survey: 1981 Oral History Survey Forms, Parks E-G, 1980-1982
Folder 09: Survey: 1981 Oral History Survey Forms, Parks H-Z, 1980-1982

B0X 08
Folder 01: Survey: 1981 Oral History Survey Forms, Parks with No Oral Histories, 1980-1982
Folder 02: Survey: 1981 Oral History Survey Report, Bound, 1981-1982
Folder 03: Survey: 1981 Oral History Survey Report, Contents, 1981-1982
Folder 04: Survey: 1981 Oral History Survey Report, Parks A-E, 1982
Folder 05: Survey: 1981 Oral History Survey Report, Parks F-I, 1982
Folder 06: Survey: 1981 Oral History Survey Report, Parks J-Z, 1982
Folder 07: Survey: 2001 Oral History Survey Report, 2002
Folder 08: Vendors: California State University, undated
Folder 09: Vendors: Pro-Typists, Inc. 1979-1980

MEDIA BOX 01
Contains separated media.

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Series II: S. Herbert Evison's NPS Oral History Project, 1952-1999 (bulk dates: 1962-1978)

Volume of Series: 35.8 LF
Organized into six subseries by format or subject:
Subseries A: Oral History Recordings
Subseries B: Interview Transcripts
Subseries C: Interview Notes and Draft Transcripts
Subseries D: Correspondence
Subseries E: Subject Files
Subseries F: William T. Ingersoll's Interviews
Sub-subseries 1: Oral History Recordings, 1973-1974
Sub-subseries 2: Interview Transcripts, 1973-1974
Sub-subseries 3: Correspondence, 1973-1974

Administrative History Note

Although S. Herbert Evison collected oral history recordings beginning in the late 1950s, his NPS Oral History Project officially began in 1962. Working as an NPS collaborator, and with the support of Director Conrad L. Wirth, Evison undertook an interview project across the Midwest, the Far West, and the Southwest during 1962 and 1963. Although he was unpaid, Evison received per diem and a car mileage stipend, not to exceed $3,000.

Evison and his wife Shirley traveled extensively around the country to conduct the interviews. The project began on September 10, 1962, with the taping of the Honorable Louis Cramton in Michigan. In the months that followed, the Evisons stopped in Illinois, Nebraska, Colorado State University, Grand Teton, Yellowstone, Glacier, Coeur d’Alene, Mount Rainer, Seattle, Olympic, Crater Lake, San Francisco, Yosemite, Sequoia, Mesa Verde, Santa Fe, and Carlsbad for interviews. While at the NPS’s Western Regional Office in San Francisco, Amelia Fry of the Regional Oral History Program at the University of California, Berkeley interviewed Evison regarding his experiences with the CCC. Together, they also interviewed former NPS Director Newton B. Drury. Evison attended the 1963 National Park Service Conference in Yosemite, collecting additional interviews and returning via Santa Fe, New Mexico where he conducted more interviews to complete the project.

In 1964, Evison submitted a proposal for a program to interview another ca. 135 people in the East and South. While the proposal was accepted, it was with a much narrower and exclusive focus, and Evison decided not to pursue it further at that time. In 1969, he reintroduced the idea of resuming the oral history program to Director George B. Hartzog; the proposal was approved in 1970. Evison began working again as an unpaid collaborator in 1971, with per diem and mileage reimbursement. Dr. David Wallace of HFC became Evison’s project supervisor, although HFC's Richard Russell also worked closely with him. In 1972, he was rehired as a retired annuitant to continue working on the project. In the second phase of the project, Shirley Evison was relieved of the workload of preparing the transcriptions, which were contracted through HFC.

Early interviews in the newly revived oral history project focused on the Washington, DC area where Evison had use of an old recording studio in the penthouse at the Department of the Interior building. Evison expanded his efforts to the Southeast and the South. While coordinating with Roy Appleman regarding an interview, Evison learned that Dr. Charles Hosmer of Principia College was conducting his own interviews of people in the field of historic preservation, some of whom were also on Evison’s list to interview. He was able to acquire copies of transcripts to avoid covering the same ground as Hosmer. In September 1972, the Evisons went on another trip through the Midwest, West, and Southwest, taping 19 interviews along the way before stopping at Yellowstone National Park for a reunion. While there Evison became ill and required a few months of rest. In early 1973, the Evisons drove to the Southwest for 61 more interviews.

Over the course of both phases of the project, Evison interviewed almost 475 men (and a handful of women) regarding their experiences in the NPS. Given his long NPS career, Evison was well-connected and had remarkable access to key individuals responsible for developing and managing the NPS. He conducted interviews with current and former directors, regional directors, superintendents, rangers, and others. In some cases, he interviewed the same individual in both the 1960s and 1970s recording efforts, supplementing the information he obtained during the initial effort. In spite of his connections, he was occasionally turned down for interviews by people he felt had crucial information on NPS history. Evison also interviewed people from associated agencies or organizations that were historically related to or supportive of the NPS, such as the CCC and the American Planning and Civic Association. He sometimes interviewed the spouses of NPS employees as well.

For biographical information on Evison and his other records, see the Assembled Historic Records of the NPS Collection (HFCA 1645), Series XIV: Papers and Working Files of NPS Employees, Subseries I: S. Herbert Evison’s Papers. For information regarding Evison’s role with the NPS Employee and Alumni Association and The Courier newspaper, see the Assembled Historic Records of the NPS Collection (HFCA 1645), Series XVIII: Records of the Employee and Alumni Association of the National Park Service.

Source:

Evison, Herbert, (1973). “NPS Oral History", unpublished project summary.

Scope and Content Note

Reel-to-reel and audio cassette recordings, final transcripts, draft and edited transcripts, photographs, notes and background information, indices of interview transcripts, correspondence, invoices and travel records, and Evison's notes and other writings. Most of the materials date between 1961 and 1978 when the recordings and transcripts were completed; later dates are the result of transcripts completed much later. Also includes correspondence with NPS staff regarding the project, securing release forms, and preparation of transcripts. Available release forms are legal documents and are kept in the accession folders

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Subseries II.A: Oral History Recordings, 1958-1975

Volume of Subseries: 14.6 LF
Arranged by Evison's tape number.

Scope and Content Note

Reel-to-reel recordings and a few auidiocassette tapes of oral history interviews. Most are traditional oral history interviews but there are a few "self interviews" which were sent to Evison for his project. Tape numbering system used by Evison features Roman numerals for the 1960s recordings and Arabic numbers for the 1970s recordings. Ninety-eight recordings from the 1960s were transferred to the National Archives in 1974 and the NPS does not have copies of most of those; use copies are available for a limited number of these recordings, upon request. For narrator names and description of interview contents, see Subseries II.B: Interview Transcripts below.

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Subseries II.B: Interview Transcripts, 1958-1978

Volume of Subseries: 12.0 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name and thereunder chronologically by date.

Scope and Content Note

Transcripts of Evison's oral history interviews. Includes marked up draft transcripts where a final transcript was never completed. Interviews document establishment and early development of the NPS as well as employee experiences in individual parks, regional offices, and the Washington Office. Living and working in parks is discussed and sometimes spouses are interviewed as well as employees. Most interviews describe entire careers but a few highlight the establishment and development of specific parks (e.g., Blue Ridge Parkway and Everglades National Park). A significant number of interviews also related to the CCC and other Emergency Relief Programs.

Interview Transcripts

These transcript summaries provide general overviews of the topics discussed but are not all inclusive.

Digitized Copies: A small number of transcripts from this series have been scaned and are available online. Click the hyperlinks in the names below, where present, to directly access each transcript.

001. Abbot, Stanley, W., Summer 1958
Designing and building the Blue Ridge Parkway.

002. Abbuehl, Ed, April 09, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps; Civil Works Administration; Blue Ridge Parkway.

003. Alberts, Edwin C., September 14, 1962
Petrified Forest (seasonal ranger); Montezuma Castle (ranger); Death Valley (naturalist); Carlsbad Caverns; Southwestern National Monuments; Rocky Mountain; Midwest Regional Office (naturalist).

004. Albright, Horace M., September 1960
Previous Columbia University oral history recordings; Bechler River Road; First National Park Conference; NPS and US Forest Service; WWI grazing; Save-the-Redwood League.

005. Albright, Horace M., July 26, 1961
National Parks Association; Stephen T. Mather; land acquisition; NPS future.

006. Alexander, Donald B., April 13, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps; American Planning and Civic Association; National Conference on State Parks.

007. Alldredge, Rendel B., August 24, 1962
"Statistics and Statistical Analysis in the NPS--History, Current Status, and Some Ruminations about the Future" [original title on the tape].

008. Alldredge, Rendel, B., January, 1974
Transcript not yet prepared.

009. Allen, Thomas J., December 11, 1962
Mount Rainier (seasonal); Rocky Mountain (acting chief ranger, chief ranger, assistant superintendent, superintendent); Hawaii (superintendent); Zion (superintendent); Hot Springs (first superintendent); Midwest Regional Office (first regional director); Richmond Regional Office (regional director); WASO (assistant director); Sequoia and Kings Canyon (superintendent); Santa Fe Regional Office (regional director).

010. Altvater, Allen C., Sr., April 07, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (camp superintendent).

011. Anderson, Jean T., February 24, 1973
Growing up in the NPS, especially at Grand Canyon National Park; Miner R. Tillotson's NPS career (her father); Native Americans; her brief position with Richmond Regional Office (engineering department).

012. Andrews, Robert W., May 18, 1973
Civilian Conservation Corps (landscape foreman); Central Design Office; Richmond Regional Office.

013. Appleman, Roy E., February 10, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps; Emergency Conservation Work; NPS Advisory Board; Colonial; Eastern National Parks and Monuments Association; Castillo de San Marcos; archeology; Gettysburg; Richmond Regional Office; Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS).

014. Appleman, Roy E., February 25, 1971
Combat historian; History Division; historic survey on interpretation in the national parks.

015. Arana, Luis, November 12, 1973
San Juan (historical aid, historian); Castillo de San Marcos (chief of visitor services); Florida planning office (historical resources coordinator); Mission 66.

016. Arnberger, Lesile P., December 07, 1962
Grand Canyon (junior laborer, seasonal ranger-naturalist); Casa Grande (park ranger, naturalist); Santa Fe (naturalist); Southwestern National Monuments; Blue Ridge Parkway (naturalist); Southwest Regional Office (assistant regional director).

017. Arnold, Fred M., March 19, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps; WASO (forester inspector Emergency
Conservation Work assistant supervisor); state park division (forester of regional foresters); Richmond Regional Office (regional forester, regional chief of park, forest and wildlife protection, regional chief of ranger services, regional chief of resource management and visitor protection).

018. Ashley, Kenneth, July 21, 1971
Yosemite (district ranger); Mount Rainier (assistant chief ranger); Yellowstone (assistant chief ranger); Blue Ridge Parkway (chief ranger).

019. Aubuchon, John A., November 13, 1962
Mesa Verde (ruins stabilization crew, seasonal naturalist/archeologist, ranger); Walnut Canyon; Tumacacori; Navajo; Canyon de Chelly; Custer Battlefield; Death Valley; El Morro Ramah Survey.

020. Aubuchon, John A., April 04, 1973
Civilian Conservation Corps (junior engineer, camp foreman); Death Valley (superintendent); Southwest Regional Office (chief Service-wide quarters evaluation team); Job Corps.

021. Baggley, George B., September 20, 1962
Civilian Conservation Corps; Yellowstone (ranger, chief ranger); Isle Royale (superintendent); Lake Mead (superintendent); wildlife management; Midwest Regional Office.

021. Baggley, George B. and Baggley, Herma, September 22, 1972 George: Yellowstone (ranger, chief ranger); Civilian Conservation Corps Office; Midwest Regional Office (assistant regional director); NPS representative to Antarctica. Herma: Yellowstone (park naturalist).

023. Baggley, Herma, September 19, 1962
National Park Service Women's Organization (chairman of committee); Yellowstone (naturalist; Mammoth ranger-naturalist).

024. Bahlman, William S., May 27, 1971
Richmond Regional Office (engineer assistant, assistant regional director, administrative officer); recreation demonstration area; National Capital Region (assistant regional director).

025. Bailey, Russell D., October 29, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (foreman); Cape Hatteras; recreational demonstration areas; Richmond and Atlanta Regional Offices.

026. Baker, Howard W., September 19, 1962
San Francisco Regional Office (junior architect, landscape architect,); Branch of Plans and Design; Midwest Regional Office (landscape architect, regional landscape architect, associate regional director, regional director).

027. Baker, Howard W., September 21, 1972
Plans and Design Branch, San Francisco Office (junior architect); Midwest Regional Office (regional director); WASO (assistant director of operations and associate director of construction activities); 1972 Second World Conference and 1972 Centennial Year; Employee and Alumni Association.

028. Baker, Nathan, May 26, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (engineering aid, safety engineer); WASO (safety engineer).

029. Ballard, Edward B., June 27, 1972
Civilian Conservation Corps; National Recreation Association; Region One Office (associate recreation planner); annual conferences.

030. Barnes, A. D. (Doug), November 20, 1973
Civilian Conservation Corps; Fort Jefferson (temporary custodian).

031. Barnes, Frank, August 23, 1971
Fort Sumter; Castle Clinton (historian); Richmond Regional Office (regional historian); Northeast Regional Office (interpretation and visitors service specialist).

032. Barnett, Herman B., October 10, 1962
Mount Rainier (seasonal ranger, chief ranger).

033. Barnette, Stuart, October 25, 1971
Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS); Civilian Conservation Corps (architectural foreman); Richmond Regional Office.

034. Barrows, Jack S., September 13, 1972
Civilian Conservation Corps; Rocky Mountain (trail crew member, assistant warehouseman, seasonal ranger, assistant forester); forest fires; fire control training program.

035. Barrows, Maynard, September 20, 1972
Civilian Conservation Corps; Yellowstone (ranger, assistant chief ranger; chief ranger, district ranger); Rocky Mountain (seasonal ranger); Grand Teton; Dinosaur.

036. Batten, Earl, Circa 1960
Blue Ridge Parkway (chief of maintenance).

037. Bayliss, C. Dudley, February 11, 1971
Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) (technician assistant); WASO (chief of parkways); White House Conference on Natural Beauty.

038. Bean, Glen T., March 13, 1973
Great Sand Dunes (seasonal ranger, superintendent); Bandelier (clerk); Organ Pipe Cactus (ranger); Chaco Canyon; Bryce Canyon (superintendent); Mission 66; Yellowstone (Mission 66 coordinator); Blue Ridge Parkway (assistant Superintendent) Midwest Regional Office; Hawaii; San Francisco Regional Office (chief of office of resource planning, assistant director for programs and policy analysis); WASO; Lake Mead (superintendent).

039. Beard, Daniel B., November 18, 1963
Civilian Conservation Corps (clean-up foreman, wildlife technician); WASO (assistant chief of wildlife division); Midwest Regional Office (regional biologist); Olympic (superintendent); Dinosaur (superintendent); Everglades (refuge manager, superintendent); Southwest Regional Office (regional director).

040. Beard, Daniel B., April 02, 1973
Everglades (superintendent); WASO (wildlife division, chief of the division of interpretation).

041. Beatty, Matthew E., September 13, 1962
Yosemite (junior park naturalist); Glacier (naturalist; chief naturalist); Richmond Regional Office (regional naturalist); Midwest Regional Office (regional chief of interpretation, regional chief of natural history).

042. Belinky, Gale, October 29, 1971
Everglades (seasonal naturalist); turtle study; women in the NPS.

043. Bennett, Lyle, October 26, 1962
Mesa Verde (temporary ranger, ranger, museum assistant, landscape foreman, archeological technician); Branch of Plans and Designs; Bandelier; Santa Fe Regional Office; San Francisco Regional Office (chief of the Western Office of Design and Construction).

044. Bentley, James L., May 24, 1972
Sequoia and Kings Canyon (engineer trainee); Mount Rainier (assistant park engineer, park engineer); San Francisco Regional Office (regional engineer); Blue Ridge Parkway (chief of maintenance).

045. Bicknell, Al, December 15, 1962
Yellowstone (engine room, hotel, boat operator); Craters of the Moon (custodian); Casa Grande.

046. Bill, Harthon L., September 26, 1962
Civilian Conservation Corps (forestry foreman); Grand Canyon (ranger); Mount Rainier (assistant superintendent); Yosemite (assistant superintendent); Santa Fe Regional Office (assistant regional director); Grand Teton (superintendent); Glacier (superintendent).

047. Binnewies, Fred W., October 03, 1962
Rocky Mountain (seasonal ranger); Mammoth Cave (ranger, chief ranger); Bandelier (superintendent); Death Valley (superintendent); Grand Teton (assistant superintendent).

048. Binnewies, Fred W. and Binnewies, Amy, April 27, 1973
Glacier; National Capital Parks; Point Reyes; Death Valley; NPS wives; Novato hostess club.

049. Boles, Thomas, January 07, 1963
Hawaii (superintendent); Los Angeles Branch of Design; Carlsbad Caverns (superintendent); Hot Springs (superintendent).

050. Bressler, Don, September 12, 1972
Grand Teton (park engineer); San Francisco Western Office of Design and Construction (project supervisor); Mission 66; NPS roads engineer.

051. Broadbent, J. M., March 11, 1973
Olympic (seasonal ranger, ranger); Mount Rainier (district ranger); Crater Lake (chief ranger); Carlsbad Caverns (chief ranger).

052. Brooks, Chester (Chet), August 24, 1971
Independence (superintendent); Theodore Roosevelt (naturalist); Yellowstone Park Nature and History Association; Booker T. Washington (superintendent); Superintendent's Conference in Yellowstone; Petersburg Office; Midwest Regional Office (interpretive specialist); Bureau of Outdoor Recreation (survey and planning in Bighorn); WASO (assistant chief of national park system studies, master planning); Bicentennial; Northeast Regional Office (regional director).

053. Brown, Chester C., September 14, 1962
Civilian Conservation Corps (landscape foreman); Blue Ridge Parkway (junior landscape architect); Region Two Office (reservoir studies, assistant regional director for resource planning).

054. Brown, Chester C., May 15, 1973
Civilian Conservation Corps (landscape foreman); Save-The-Redwood League; National Geographic study of redwoods; WASO (head of new area studies in national park system planning, Division of Special Planning Studies, chief of Division of International Affairs).

055. Brown, Chester C., May 30, 1973
World Heritage Trust; UNESCO.

056. Brown, Otto M., September 30, 1962
Yosemite (concessions, seasonal ranger, ranger, district ranger); Olympic (chief ranger); Yellowstone (chief ranger); Yellowstone earthquake.

057. Brown, Paul V., October 10, 1962
Civilian Conservation Corps (assistant to S. Herbert Evison, regional district leader); Santa Fe Regional Office (park planner).

058. Bruce, Gordon, August 24, 1971
George Washington National Forest (timber survey technician); Shenandoah (project engineer; assistant chief ranger); Civilian Conservation Corps (technician forester); Acadia (technical forester, assistant chief ranger, chief ranger); Natchez Trace; Northeast Regional Office (resource management specialist).

059. Bryant, Dr. Harold C., October 25, 1962
Yosemite (nature education); Sierra Club; WASO (nature educator and planner) Civilian Conservation Corps.

060. Bryant, Dr. Harold C. and Russell, Dr. Carl P., March 18, 1962
Bryant: Yosemite Field School of Natural History; WASO (chief of museum division); creation of nature education programs in parks. Russell: Yosemite (seasonal naturalist, naturalist)Yosemite Field School of Natural History; Yellowstone and Yosemite museum planning; WASO (chief of museum division).

061. Bullard, William C. and Bullard, Jean, January 18, 1974
Transcript not yet prepared.

062. Bullock, Orin, February 04, 1974
Transcript not yet prepared.

063. Burns, Robert, August 25, 1971
Grand Canyon (seasonal, acting district ranger); Lake Mead (ranger, Katherine/Lake Mohave: district ranger); Bryce Canyon (supervisory ranger); Yellowstone; Perry's Victory; Lincoln Boyhood; Nez Perce; Northeast Regional Office (public affairs specialist).

064. Butcher, Devereux and Butcher, Mary, February 25, 1973 National Parks Association (executive secretary); National Parks Magazine (editor); relations with National Park Service.

065. Butler, William J., October 09, 1962
Mount Rainier (seasonal guide, seasonal ranger, ranger, chief of protection operations).

066. Cahalane, Victor H., June 04, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps; Wind Cave (wildlife technician); WASO (wildlife division, WWII Chicago Office).

067. Cahalane, Victor H., March 25, 1976
Transcript not yet prepared.

068. Cahalane, Victor H., March 30-31, 1976
Transcript not yet prepared.

069. Calhoun, Eleanor, November 13, 1973
WWII Maritime Commission (secretary).

070. Campbell, Carlos, C., May 23, 1972
Great Smoky Mountains; Scopes Monkey Trial.

071. Canfield, David H., December 10, 1962
Yellowstone (seasonal ranger); Glacier (seasonal ranger); Mesa Verde (ranger, acting chief ranger); Crater Lake (chief ranger, acting superintendent); Rocky Mountain (superintendent); Santa Fe Regional Office (chief of operations).

072. Carithers, Joe F., February 12, 1973
National Parks Association; WASO (special assistant to the secretary of the interior, NPS guidelines policy compilation, new area studies); Southwest Regional Office (chief of new area studies).

073. Carlson, Oscar W., January 07, 1963
Mount Rainier (clerk, chief clerk, assistant superintendent); Sequoia (assistant superintendent); Mesa Verde (superintendent); Carlsbad Caverns (superintendent).

074. Carnes, William G., September 11, 1962
Western Branch of Planning and Design; WASO (Plans and Design Branch, public affairs deputy assistant director); Richmond Regional Office; Mission 66 (steering committee, chief of staff).

075. Carnes, William G., February 26, 1973
Mission 66; Shangri-La.

076. Castro, Nash, October 27, 1971
Grand Canyon; WASO (chief clerk); Hawai'i; Midwest Regional Office (regional chief of administration); National Capital Parks (assistant superintendent); Summer in the Parks program; U.S. Park Police; The White House; Lady Bird Johnson's Beautification Programs; Mrs. Richard Nixon; White House Historical Association.

077. Cattenach, George and Anderson, Keith, February 26, 1973
Cattenach: Arizona Archeological Center (supervisor of the division of cultural properties conservation). Anderson: Arizona Archeological Center (senior archeologist); Antiquities Act; National Historic Preservation Act.

078. Caudill, Clay, March 28, 1971
Blue Ridge Parkway (maintenance, park warden, ranger); Roanoke; Yorktown (district ranger); Cape Hatteras.

079. Caywood, Louis, December 14, 1962
Mesa Verde (temporary ranger); Casa Grande (ranger, naturalist); Tumacacori; Santa Fe Regional Office (naturalist); Walnut Canyon; Portland Office (Columbia River Basin Survey); Jamestown; Ocmulgee; Southwest Archeological Center (archeologist).

080. Chapman, William (Scotty), September 28, 1962
Yellowstone (ranger, district ranger).

081. Chatelain, Verne E., July 18, 1973
WASO (first chief historian).

082. Chick, William Drew, Jr., May 28, 1971
Sequoia (seasonal ranger); Civilian Conservation Corps (foreman); Zion (chief forester); Bryce Canyon (chief ranger); Shenandoah (park ranger); National Capital Parks (naturalist); Eastern Service Center (park planner).

083. Childs, Frank W., September 15, 1962
Yellowstone (temporary assistant chief ranger, ranger); WASO (coordinator of Civilian Conservation Corps activities); Midwest Regional Office (regional forester, regional chief of ranger services).

084. Chiles, Mary Ruth, May 19, 1972
Great Smoky Mountains (administrative officer).

085. Christianson, Milo L., May 16, 1973
Oklahoma City/Santa Fe Regional Offices (regional recreational planner; assistant regional director in charge of planning and development); American Planning and Civic Association; WASO (President's Committee coordinator); National Capital Parks board.

086. Clement, Blanton, November 07, 1962
Civilian Conservation Corps (camp superintendent); Blue Ridge Parkway (highway engineer); Sequoia and Kings Canyon (park engineer).

087. Coale, Burton V., September 08, 1972
Midwest Regional Office (regional publications editor).

088. Coates, Robert M., July 19, 1973
Mesa Verde (seasonal ranger, landscape foreman, landscape architect); National Capital Parks (Civilian Conservation Corps coordinator, C& O Canal); Civilian Conservation Corps at Mesa Verde and Colonial.

089. Coffin, Lynn, December 03, 1962
Carlsbad Caverns (ranger, chief ranger); Scotts Bluff (ranger); Rocky Mountain (district ranger); Glacier (assistant Chief ranger); Grand Canyon (chief ranger); wildlife control.

090. Coffman, John Daniel, October 28, 1962
WASO (fire control expert, chief forester).

091. Coleman, Dr. Walter J., May 24, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (cultural foreman and assistant historical technician); WASO; Petersburg (historian); Vicksburg; Gettysburg.

092. Connally, Dr. Ernest A., May 17, 1973
Independence (survey supervisor); Mission 66; Salem; Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS); Cape Cod; WASO (first chief of the office of archeology and historic preservation, director of archeology and historic preservation).

093. Cook, John O., March 01, 1973
Grand Canyon (sanitation laborer, sanitation inspector); Montezuma Castle (superintendent); Wapatki; Saguaro; Chicamauga and Chattanooga
(superintendent); WASO.

094. Cook, Larry, c. 1961
Chief of Division of Ranger Activities.

095. Cotter, John L., September 02, 1971
Tuzigoot (custodian); Natchez Trace Parkway (head of archaeological work).

096. Cox, Elbert, March 17, 1971
Colonial (assistant historian, acting superintendent, superintendent); Morristown (superintendent); Richmond Regional Office (associate regional director, regional director); Mission 66; WASO (executive officer of commission of outdoor recreation).

097. Cozzani, Oscar, April 08, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (engineer, superintendent, park engineer); WASO; Blue Ridge Parkway; Shenandoah.

098. Cramton, Honorable Louis C., September 10, 1962
Member of Congress from 1913-1931; special attorney to the secretary of the interior from 1931-1932.

099. Crawford, W. Pingree (Ping), November 28, 1973
White Sands (ranger); Cape Cod (ranger); Statue of Liberty (ranger); Ocmulgee (superintendent).

100. Crouch, J. Carlisle, February 23, 1973
Mesa Verde (seasonal ranger, museum assistant, ranger, chief ranger); Civilian Conservation Corps; Crater Lake (chief ranger); Blue Ridge Parkway (assistant superintendent); Philadelphia Office (assistant regional director).

101. Crumpler, Mary F., July 22, 1971
Blue Ridge Parkway (secretary); Cumberland Island National Seashore.

102. Curtis, Harry E., September 16, 1972
Civilian Conservation Corps; WASO (drainage basin representation).

103. Dale, Edwin (Mac), November 25, 1973
Blue Ridge Parkway (ranger); Harpers Ferry (superintendent); C&O Canal (superintendent); Potomac River Basin Study Task Force.

104. Davenport, L. Theodore (Ted), November 08, 1973
Great Smoky Mountains; Natchez Trace Parkway (administrative officer); Rocky Mountain (management assistant); Prince William Forest Park (superintendent); Master Plan for National Capital Region; Ozark National Scenic Riverways; Castillo de San Marcos; Civilian Conservation Corps.

105. Davenport, L. Theodore (Ted), November 10, 1973
Great Smoky Mountains; Gatlinburg.

106. Davis, John M., November 06, 1962
Mount Rainier (ranger, chief ranger); Zion and Bryce Canyon (assistant superintendent); Grand Canyon (assistant superintendent); Santa Fe Regional Office (assistant regional director, superintendent of Southwestern National Monuments); WASO (chief of conservation and protection, chief of ranger activities); Sequoia and Kings Canyon (superintendent).

107. Davis, John M., February 21, 1973
Sequoia (superintendent); Yosemite (superintendent); Mission 66; concessions.

108. DeGelleke, Peter, June 02, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (landscape foreman); WASO (land program); recreation demonstration area; National Recreation Association.

109. Delay, John, September 12, 1972
Civilian Conservation Corps; WASO (student-technician, assistant in major roads; head of Blue Ridge parkway team).

110. Denniston, Jess H., October 26, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (foreman); Richmond Regional Office (engineering); National Capital Parks; Cape Hatteras; Everglades.

111. DeWeese, John and DeWeese, Laurie, November 01, 1973 John: Fort Jefferson (general mechanic); Fort Caroline (superintendent); Everglades (management assistant); Morris Creek (superintendent); turtles.

112. Dickinson, Russell E., September 26, 1962
Grand Canyon (seasonal ranger); Grand Teton (chief ranger).

113. Dickinson, Russell E., July 21, 1972
Grand Canyon (seasonal ranger); Grand Teton (chief ranger); Zion (assistant superintendent); Flaming Gorge (superintendent); Midwest Regional Office (chief of resources management and visitor protection); National Capital Region (associate regional director, general superintendent).

114. Dilley, Willard E. (Bill), November 14, 1973-November 16, 1973
Everglades (ranger, naturalist, chief naturalist); Grand Canyon (assistant chief park naturalist); Mammoth Cave (chief naturalist); Grand Teton (chief naturalist).

115. Dilonardo, Kathleen L., November 07, 1973
Albright Training Center course; Cape Hatteras (historian); Fort Pulaski (historian); Fort Caroline (superintendent).

116. Dodge, Natt N., December 11, 1962
Mount Rainier (seasonal ranger-naturalist); Grand Canyon (ranger); Southwestern National Monuments (junior park naturalist, assistant park naturalist, regional naturalist); Carlsbad Caverns interpretation.

117. Doerr, John E., October 15, 1962
Hawaii (naturalist); Crater Lake; Rocky Mountain (assistant superintendent, superintendent); WASO (chief of naturalist division, assistant chief naturalist); Olympic (superintendent).

118. Doty, Cecil J., October 26, 1962
Civilian Conservation Corps (file clerk, draftsman, associate engineer/inspector, regional architect, designer); Sante Fe Regional Office; WASO (WWII Chicago Office).

119. Dunmire, William, January 17, 1974
Transcript not yet prepared.

120. During, Henry R., January 07, 1963
Yosemite (seasonal ranger, ranger, district ranger, assistant chief ranger); Petrified Forest (ranger); Rocky Mountain (chief ranger); Jefferson National Expansion; Carlsbad Caverns (superintendent).

121. Eaton, Edward, November 10, 1973
Castillo de San Marcos (guard); Fort Matanzas (superintendent).

122. Elliott, Charles Newton, April 01, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps; Atlanta Office (assistant regional forester); director of state parks; Richmond Office; Georgia State Game and Fish Commission (director).

123. Ellis, Vincent, March 23, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (field crew, assistant leader); Bandelier (junior assistant to the technician, clerk); Casa Grande; Santa Fe; Southwestern National Monuments; Grand Canyon; Big Bend; Mesa Verde (operations officer); Richmond Regional Office (assistant regional director).

124. Ellis, Vincent, June 20, 1975
Transcript not yet prepared.

125. Elmore, Francis H., October 04, 1962
Glacier (chief naturalist).

126. Emmert, John W., October 06, 1962
Yosemite (electrical engineer, chief electrician, assistant superintendent); Yellowstone (assistant superintendent); Hot Springs (superintendent); Glacier (superintendent).

127. Ericson, Mildred J., September 27, 1962
Yosemite Field School of Natural History; National Capital Parks (seasonal naturalist); Yellowstone (seasonal naturalist); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

128. Everhart, William C., January 15, 1974
Transcript not yet prepared.

129. Evison, S. Herbert, May 26, 1971
Mount Rainier; Mather pack and saddle party (aka Mather Mountain Party); Natural Parks Association of Washington; National Conference on Parks (executive secretary); Stephen T. Mather; Civilian Conservation Corps; Richmond Regional Office (regional officer and associate regional director); WASO (deputy assistant director).

130. Evison, S. Herbert, May 18, 1973
Interviewed by Grace Angst (student); National Park publications; Civilian Conservation Corps; Isabelle Story; advertisement in NPS.

131. Evison, S. Herbert, July 16, 1973
Transcript not yet prepared.

132. Ewald, Walter A. J., February 07, 1973
Civilian Conservation Corps (landscape architect, inspector); Richmond Regional Office (landscape architect); Branch of Plans and Design.

133. Faris, Johnwill, January 09, 1963
Casa Grande; Tumacacori (superintendent/custodian); Aztec Ruins (superintendent); Canyon de Chelly (superintendent); White Sands
(superintendent); Platt (superintendent).

134. Favour, Paul G., October 22, 1971
Acadia (seasonal ranger-naturalist, ranger); Shenandoah (first park naturalist).

135. Felton, James B., March 22, 1973
Yosemite Field School of Natural History; Petrified Forest (seasonal); Tumacacori; White Sands; Fort Jefferson (acting superintendent); Kings Mountain (superintendent); Zion (chief ranger); Organ Pipe Cactus (superintendent).

136. Fitch, Monte, Jr., April 03, 1973
Mesa Verde (seasonal ranger, ranger); Colorado National Monument (ranger, chief ranger); Theodore Roosevelt (chief ranger); Big Bend (chief ranger); Organ Pipe Cactus; WASO (head of forest and building power control); National Capital Parks; Southwest Regional Office (division chief, assistant director of operations).

137. Flickinger, Victor W., July 17, 1973
Civilian Conservation Corps (junior landscape foreman, chief of division of lands and waters in Iowa State Parks); Hoover Birthplace; National Conference on State Parks; supervisory park planner; WASO.

138. Foster, Newell H., October 21, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps; Statue of Liberty (superintendent).

139. Franke, Paul R., December 10, 1962
Mesa Verde (ranger, acting superintendent, superintendent); Zion (superintendent, coordinating superintendent); Jackson Hole (superintendent); WASO (assistant to branch of concessions, natural history division).

140. Franzen, Archie, March 08, 1971
Transcript prepared but not yet described.

141. Fredine, Gordon, Spring 1966
WASO (International Affairs Division).

142. Fredine, Gordon, February 11, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps; Yellowstone (temporary ranger naturalist, naturalist); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (regional supervisor); WASO (chief of the division of international affairs); Mission 66; World Conference on National Parks; elk management in Grand Teton.

143. Freeland, Dixon B., October 29, 1973
Yosemite (seasonal, ranger); Bryce Canyon (seasonal); Glacier (seasonal); Carlsbad Caverns; Great Smoky Mountains; Colonial (district ranger); Blue Ridge Parkway (district ranger).

144. Freeland, Edward Dixon, October 30, 1962
Yosemite (temporary ranger); Carlsbad Caverns (chief ranger); Wind Cave (superintendent); Southeastern National Monuments (coordinating superintendent); Shenandoah; Grand Teton; Lassen Volcanic (superintendent).

145. Freeman, Ray, July 17, 1973
Omaha Regional Office; Mission 66; Grand Teton; National Capital Region (planning officer); WASO (deputy assistant director, deputy director for operations, associate director for operations).

146. Fry, George, June 19, 1975
Civilian Conservation Corps (junior forester, acting assistant district ranger, camp superintendent); Crater Lake (ranger); Rocky Mountain (assistant chief ranger, chief of construction and maintenance); Lake Taxoma; Everglades (chief ranger, assistant superintendent); Great Smoky Mountains (superintendent); Mammoth Cave (chief ranger); Isle Royale (superintendent); Omaha Regional Office (regional chief of operations); Richmond Regional Office (assistant director for management, chief of operations and evaluation).

147. Gadsby, J. Herbert (Doc), April 12, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (inspector); Richmond Regional Office (regional inspector, associate regional director); WASO (director's office).

148. Gale, Bennett T., October 24, 1962
Colonial (ranger); Grand Teton (naturalist); Petrified Forest and Carlsbad Caverns; WASO (chief geologist); San Francisco Regional Office (regional chief of interpretation, assistant to regional director).

149. Gallison, Glenn D., October 15, 1962
Yosemite Field School of Natural History; Yosemite (ranger, naturalist); Mission 66; WASO; Olympic (naturalist, chief naturalist).

150. Gann, James Walter, November 03, 1962
Yosemite (temporary electrician, electrical supervisor).

151. Gardner, Malcolm, February 26, 1971
Colonial (seasonal ranger); Civilian Conservation Corps (cultural foreman, historical technician); Natchez Trace (historian, acting superintendent, superintendent).

152. Garrison, Lemuel A. (Lon), September 30, 1962
Civilian Conservation Corps (foreman); Sequoia (seasonal ranger); Yosemite (ranger); Hopewell Village (superintendent); WASO (assistant chief of information); Glacier (assistant superintendent); Grand Canyon (assistant superintendent); Big Bend (superintendent); WASO (chief of conservation and protection); Yellowstone (superintendent).

153. Garrison, Lemuel A. (Lon), March 25, 1973
Northeast Regional Office; Albright Training Center (interpretation).

154. Garry, Thomas K., September 20, 1962
Yellowstone (ranger); Blue Ridge Parkway (supervisory ranger, district ranger); Shenandoah; Custer Battlefield (superintendent).

155. Gastellum, Luis A., April 06, 1973
Southwestern National Monuments; Yellowstone; Southwest region (chief of operations evaluation); Carlsbad Caverns; Bandelier; elk management.

156. Gibbs, Robert F., April 10, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (supervisor, ranger); Big Bend (assistant superintendent); Isle Royale (superintendent); Mission 66; Great Smoky Mountains (assistant superintendent); Cape Hatteras; Cape Cod (superintendent); WASO (chief of park operations).

157. Gilbert, Karl T., c. 1962
Blue Ridge Parkway (chief park ranger); Carlsbad Caverns (assistant superintendent).

158. Gilbert, Karl T., January 07, 1963
Mammoth (ranger); Isle Royale (ranger); Rocky Mountain (ranger); Yellowstone (district ranger); Everglades (assistant chief ranger); Shenandoah (chief ranger); Carlsbad Caverns (assistant superintendent).

159. Gilbert, Vernon (Tommy), July 20, 1972
Africa; National Parks Conservation Association; U.S. Peace Corps.

160. Gilbert, Vernon (Tommy) and Gilbert, Helen (Patsy), February 23, 1971
Great Smoky Mountains (seasonal naturalist); Everglades (seasonal naturalist, assistant naturalist); Cape Hatteras (chief naturalist); Cape Cod; Tanzania.

161. Glenn, Marlow, April 02, 1973
Mount Rainier (temporary accountant, accountant); WASO (auditor); San Francisco Regional Office (auditor); Southwest Regional Office (chief of concessions management).

162. Glover, William H., April 04, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (camp foreman, camp superintendent); Shiloh (ranger); Fort Frederica (superintendent).

163. Goodwin, Theodore Raymond, November 21, 1962
Crater Lake (engineer); Yellowstone (engineer); Yosemite (engineer); Casa Grande (engineer); Tumacacori; Death Valley (engineer, superintendent); Reno conference on recreational areas.

164. Grant, George A., December 10, 1962
First NPS chief photographer; photography; NPS postage stamps.

165. Grater, Russell K., March 13, 1973
Grand Canyon; Lake Mead; Yosemite; Kings Canyon; Great Smoky Mountains.

166. Graves, Charles M., April 02, 1971
Atlanta office (recreation engineer); Works Project Administration projects; recreation demonstration areas; Richmond Office; Charles M. Grave Organization; National Recreation and Park Association.

167. Gregg, H. Raymond, c. 1961
Transcript not yet prepared.

168. Gregg, H. Raymond, September 18-19, 1962
Hot Springs (Park Police, ranger, superintendent); National Capital Parks (experimental interpretive program); Rocky Mountain; interpretation; Jefferson National Expansion (superintendent).

169. Gregg, H. Raymond, July 18, 1973
Hot Springs (superintendent); Rocky Mountain; Jefferson National Expansion; picketing and racial problems.

170. Gregg, H. Raymond, August 08, 1973
Taped by Gregg himself for Evison's oral history project; Gateway Arch project; western forts interpretive study.

171. Gregg, Raymond and Hays, Howard, March 18, 1962
Transcript prepared but not yet described.

172. Griffin, John, August 29, 1975
Southwest Regional Office (regional archeologist, division of interpretation).

173. Griffing, Scudder, July 29, 1972
Shenandoah (Civilian Conservation Corps forestry foreman); Richmond Regional Office(assistant landscape architect); bridge on Colonial Parkway; security plans for El Morro and FDR.

174. Guillet, Meredith, November 17, 1963
San Francisco Regional Office (survey crew); Civilian Conservation Corps (Mesa Verde diorama construction); Black Canyon of the Gunnison (seasonal); Casa Grande (ranger); Canyon de Chelly (custodian/supervisor); Carlsbad Caverns (guide); Chaco (superintendent); Walnut Canyon (superintendent).

175. Guscio, Francis J., April 02, 1971
Vicksburg (Civilian Conservation Corps foreman engineer); U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Richmond Office.

176. Guse, Neal, March 07, 1973
Civilian Conservation Corps; Grand Teton; Haleakala; Carlsbad Caverns; Western Regional Office.

177. Hadley, Lawrence C., August 24, 1972
Shenandoah (seasonal ranger, ranger); Acadia (seasonal ranger); Zion (seasonal ranger); Blue Ridge Parkway (ranger); WASO (national park studies, chief of information); Yellowstone (management assistant); Santa Fe Regional Office (special assistant to regional director); White Sands (acting superintendent); National Capital (superintendent); Colonial (superintendent); Yosemite.

178. Hadley, Lawrence C., May 16, 1973
Acadia (seasonal ranger); Zion (seasonal ranger); Shenandoah (seasonal ranger, ranger); Blue Ridge Parkway (ranger); White Sands (acting superintendent); WASO (chief of information, assistant director for park management); National Capital Parks (superintendent); Colonial (superintendent); Yosemite (superintendent).

179. Hall, William R., May 24, 1971
Works Progress Administration (project manager of recreation demonstration area); Chopawamsic; Patapsco State Park.

180. Hallock, Louis W. (Lou), March 10, 1973
Civilian Conservation Corps; Mammoth Cave; Carlsbad Caverns (ranger); Lassen Volcanic (ranger); Yosemite (ranger); Crater Lake (chief ranger); Death Valley (chief ranger); Sequoia and Kings Canyon (chief ranger); Bryce Canyon (superintendent); Lassen Volcanic (superintendent).

181. Hamilton, Warren and Hamilton, Elaine, March 22, 1973
Civilian Conservation Corps; Grand Canyon (ranger); Saratoga (superintendent); Natchez Trace (assistant superintendent); Yellowstone (assistant superintendent); Everglades and Fort Jefferson (superintendent); Western Regional Office (assistant regional director); Zion; Cuban Missile Crisis.

182. Hanks, Allyn F., September 21, 1962
Yellowstone (ranger); Grand Teton (chief ranger); Theodore Roosevelt (superintendent); Everglades (assistant superintendent); Cape Hatteras (superintendent); WASO (chief of visitor protection); Rocky Mountain (superintendent).

183. Hargrave, Lyndon, December 13, 1962
Southwest Archeological Center (collaborator); Museum of Northern Arizona.

184. Harman, Charles P., September 20, 1972
Yellowstone (seasonal); Mammoth Cave.

185. Harrington, J. C. (Pinky) and Harrington, Virginia, March 15, 1971
Virginia: Mesa Verde (seasonal ranger); Jamestown (seasonal ranger-historian). Pinky: Jamestown (head of archeology); Colonial (superintendent); Richmond Regional Office (regional archeologist); river basin salvage project.

186. Hatch, Charles E., October 31, 1973
George Washington Birthplace (seasonal); Colonial (historian, chief historian).

187. Haussmann, William M., August 22, 1972
Yorktown Sesquicentennial; WASO; Colonial Parkway; McKinley Park Hotel; Carillon Tower; Suitland Parkway; George Washington Memorial Parkway; National Capital Region (associate chief of construction, chief architect); National Capital Office of Design and Construction (chief); Carter Barron Amphitheatre; Ford’s Theatre; Great Falls Tavern.

188. Hayes, Alden, April 01, 1973
Chiricahua (seasonal); Casa Grande (archeologist); Mesa Verde (archeologist); Grand Quivira (archeologist); Santa Fe Regional Office; Southwest Archeological Center.

189. Heine, Cornelius W., January 28, 1971
Ford's Theater; National Capital Region (assistant regional director); interpretation program; WASO (chief of information).

190. Hendrix, Glenn O., September 11, 1972
Natchez Trace (landscape architect); Lake Mead; recreation areas; San Francisco Regional Office (central design, coordinating project supervisor); Denver Service Center (assistant director of assistant director of national park service).

191. Herkenham, Norman B., undated
Transcript not yet prepared.

192. Herschler, J. Barton, February 23, 1973
Glacier (seasonal naturalist); Muir Woods (laborer, custodian, superintendent); Grand Canyon (ranger); Yosemite (ranger); Rocky Mountain (chief ranger); Millerton Lake (superintendent); Saguaro (superintendent).

193. Hollomon, William and Hollomon, Beverly, October 28, 1973
Lassen Volcanic (seasonal, ranger); Sequoia (district ranger); Kings Canyon (district ranger); Andrew Johnson (superintendent); Fredericksburg (coordinator superintendent); Richmond Regional Office.

194. Hooper, William O. (Bill), July 21, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (junior foreman); Blue Ridge Parkway (agronomist).

195. Hoskins, Taylor, July 17, 1960
Mammoth Cave (superintendent); Shenandoah (chief ranger); Resettlement Administration; Colonial.

196. Hoskins, Taylor, July 19, 1971
Colonial (temporary ranger, assistant chief ranger); Civilian Conservation Corps; Shenandoah (chief ranger); Mammoth Cave (acting superintendent, superintendent); Carlsbad Caverns (superintendent); Shenandoah (superintendent).

197. Hoss, Herman H., October 31, 1962
Yosemite Camp Curry (chief clerk, assistant manager of reservations and accommodations, personnel manager); concessioner representation; Sequoia Company; Western Conference of National Park Concessioners (attorney).

198. Houston, Aubrey F., December 15, 1962
Mount Rainier (seasonal ranger); Mt. McKinley (wildlife ranger); Death Valley (ranger); Craters of the Moon (superintendent); Mammoth Cave(chief ranger); Perry's Victory; Casa Grande (superintendent).

199. Hubbard, Douglass H., December 22, 1970
Sequoia; Yosemite (laborer); Millerton National Recreation Area (first buck ranger); Hawaii (naturalist); Yosemite (associate naturalist, chief park naturalist); WASO (chief of branch of interpretation and visitor center); Harpers Ferry Center (assistant director); Stephen T. Mather.

200. Hubler, Harold (Hal), November 21, 1973
Transcript not yet prepared.

201. Hubler, Sally, November 20, 1973
"I Married the Park Service" program; life in the parks; children; park wives.

202. Hummel, Edward A., October 22, 1962
Omaha Regional Office (assistant historian, regional historian); Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania (superintendent); Colonial (superintendent); Smoky Mountains (superintendent); Glacier (superintendent); San Francisco Regional Office (assistant regional director).

203. Hummel, Edward A., January 05, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps; Omaha Regional Office; San Francisco (assistant regional director, regional director).

204. Hunkins, Hazen H., November 09, 1962 Railways; Chicago Bureau of Service (US Railroad Administration); Yosemite National Park Company (board of managers); tourism in the parks; Yosemite Transportation System.

205. Huppuch, Matt C., February 09, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (camp superintendent); Emergency Conservation Work (technician); Blue Ridge Parkway; recreation demonstration projects; deputy assistant director for administration of emergency activities; WASO (chief recreation planner); Bureau of Outdoor Recreation.

206. Husted, James H., August 21, 1972
Verebrook Recreational Demonstration Area (organized camping specialist); WASO (state cooperation in the NPS, recreational resource planning); Portland (river basin study).

207. Hutchings, Cora P., October 04, 1962
Secretary of the Interior Lane; Glacier; first superintendent's conference.

208. Hyde, Tom, October 23, 1971
Mount Rushmore (seasonal ranger); Yellowstone (sanitary engineer); Grand Teton (engineer); Bandelier (superintendent); Acadia (superintendent); White Sands.

209. Ingalls, George F., September 13, 1972
Civilian Conservation Corps (foreman); Colorado River survey; Rocky Mountain; Devil's Tower; Dinosaur.

210. Jackson, Earl, December 14, 1962
Montezuma Castle (seasonal ranger, custodian); Petrified Forest (seasonal ranger); Bandelier (custodian); Santa Fe Regional Office; Tumacacori; Pinnacles (superintendent); Southwestern National Monuments (naturalist, executive secretary); Southwest Archeological Center (naturalist).

211. Jackson, Earl, February 28, 1973
Southwest Monuments Association; Hubbell Trading Post.

212. Jacobs, Duane D., September 14, 1962
Lassen Volcanic (seasonal ranger); Yosemite (seasonal ranger, ranger, district ranger, assistant chief ranger); Joshua Tree (acting superintendent); Shenandoah (chief ranger); Mt. McKinley (assistant superintendent, superintendent); Omaha Regional Office (regional chief of visitor protection, regional chief of ranger activity).

213. Jacobson, Arthur W. (Art), November 01, 1962
Yellowstone (temporary engineer, ranger, district ranger); Civilian Conservation Corps (forester); George Washington Carver (superintendent).

214. James, Harlean, February 21, 1962
American Planning and Civic Association (executive secretary); National Conference on State Parks (executive secretary).

215. Jaquette, Charles G., February 23, 1971
Richmond Regional Office (regional attorney).

216. Jay, John Jr., September 20, 1962
Yellowstone (ranger, district ranger, assistant chief ranger); Theodore Roosevelt (superintendent); Badlands (superintendent); Midwest Regional Office (regional chief of visitor protection).

217. Jeffers, Charles A., March 22, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (landscape foreman, assistant camp superintendent); Omaha Regional Office (cooperative activities of recreation and
resource planning).

218. Jepson, Carl and Jepson, Esther, March 21, 1973
Petrified Forest (ranger, naturalist); Grand Teton (naturalist); Zion.

219. Jett, T. Sutton, c. 1962
White House Historical Association; National Capital Region.

220. Jett, T. Sutton, December 14, 1970
Civilian Conservation Corps (assistant historical foreman; historical foreman, coordinating historian); National Capital Region.

221. Jett, T. Sutton, January 29, 1971
Transcript prepared but not yet described.

222. Johnson, Carlock (Corky), September 24, 1962
Great Smoky Mountains (chief ranger); Flaming Gorge (superintendent).

223. Johnson, Ralph Newton, September 08, 1972
Civilian Conservation Corps (camp superintendent, inspector); Omaha office (landscape architect); Missouri River Basin flood control survey; chief for state assistance; recreation.

224. Jones, Alfred W., April 05, 1971
Fort Frederica; George Washington Birthplace.

225. Jones, David J., December 10, 1962
Wupatki (ranger, custodian); San Juan; Big Bend (assistant superintendent); Southwest Regional Office (interpretive planner).

226. Judge, Paul A. and Judge, Frances, December 16, 1962
Civilian Conservation Corps; Glacier (ranger); Grand Teton (acting chief ranger); Jackson Hole (district ranger); Theodore Roosevelt; Bandelier
(superintendent); Organ Pipe Cactus (superintendent); Saguaro (superintendent).

227. Kahler, Herbert E., c. 1962
Eastern National Parks and Monuments Association.

228. Kahler, Herbert E., January 06, 1971
Eastern National Parks and Monuments Association; Civilian Conservation Corps (historian, foreman); St. Augustine; Castillo de San Marcos; Morristown; WASO (chief historian).

229. Kennedy, Joe L., March 26, 1973
Kings Mountain (administrative aid); Fort Pulaski (administrative aid); WASO (departmental training, secretary's office); Everglades (assistant superintendent); Glen Canyon (assistant superintendent).

230. Kennedy, Sidney S., January 29, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (landscape foreman, inspector); "A Study of the Park and Recreation Problem of the United States" report; WASO (park statistics).

231. Kieley, James F., July 19, 1972
Region Eight Office; WASO (director's office); Civilian Conservation Corps; recreational demonstration area; Cape Hatteras.

232. King, Dale S., December 14, 1962
Civil Works Administration (archeologist, Wupatki National Monument); Grand Canyon (staff archeologist); Southwestern National Monuments (staff archeologist, chief naturalist).

233. Kiryakakis, Jim, September 11, 1972
Richmond Regional Office; Independence (landscape architect); Eastern Office of Design and Construction.

234. Knopf, Alfred A., February 02, 1971
"One Day on Beetle Rock"; "The Best Way of Living"; Freeman Tilden book on the parks; appraisal of board and board members.

235. Kolb, Bernhard, August 23, 1971
Richmond Regional Office(tree crew); Roosevelt-Vanderbilt; Chickamauga and Chattanooga; Acadia; Big Bend; Saratoga; Blue Ridge Parkway; Philadelphia Office; Statue of Liberty; Perry's Victory; Fire Island.

236. Kowski, Frank F., April 00, 1961
Training; training center (location not mentioned); potential training center in Grand Canyon.

237. Kowski, Frank F., December 03, 1962
Yosemite NPS training center; civil service exam.

238. Kowski, Frank F., April 06, 1973
Albright Training Center establishment; Grand Canyon; Sequoia (superintendent); Santa Fe Regional Office (regional director); regional
reorganization.

239. Krueger, Charles E., October 26, 1963
Civilian Conservation Corps (landscape foreman); Central Design Office; Grand Canyon (administrative assistant); Omaha Regional Office (resident landscape architect, regional landscape architect); Western Design Office (chief of landscape architectural division).

240. Kuehl, Alfred C., October 26, 1962
Grand Canyon (resident landscape architect); Santa Fe Regional Office (resident landscape architect); Alaska (recreational and roadways survey).

241. Lancaster, James Allen, December 06, 1962
Mesa Verde (archeological foreman, anthropology aide); Aztec (ranger); Wetherall Mesa.

242. Lee, Don E., Spring 1966
Emergency Conservation Work (land acquisitions); attorney; reorganization; WASO (chief of lands).

243. Lee, Ronald F., February 01, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (historical foreman, Shiloh); WASO (assistant to chief of branch of historic sites and building, chief historian, assistant director, chief of interpretation,); Mission 66; historic preservation; Northeast Region (regional director).

244. Lessem, Harold, August 27, 1971
Fort McHenry (historian); Salem (acting superintendent, superintendent).

245. Lewis, Ralph, March 12 and June 17, 1971
Both interviews are included in same transcript; WASO (branch of research and education); Vicksburg (museum technician).

246. Liles, Granville B., November 02, 1962
Civilian Conservation Corps (foreman); Blue Ridge Parkway (landscaping and ranger, superintendent); Rocky Mountain; Richmond Regional Office(assistant regional director).

247. Liles, Granville B., July 20, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (forestry foreman); Blue Ridge Parkway (landscaping and ranger); Rocky Mountain 50th Anniversary; Richmond
Regional Office (assistant regional director); Blue Ridge Parkway (superintendent).

248. Lisle, Ewell M., March 16, 1971
Civil Works Administration (property appraiser); Civilian Conservation Corps; Richmond Regional Office(project manager for recreation demonstration areas, assistant regional director, associate regional director); Cape Hatteras; Eastern National Parks and Monuments Association (treasurer).

249. Lister, Dr. Robert H., March 30, 1973
Casa Grande (seasonal ranger); Bandelier (seasonal ranger); Chaco Canyon (seasonal ranger); Dinosaur excavation; Rocky Mountain archaeological
surveys; Mesa Verde (archeological research); New Mexico Archeological Center (chief of archeological center).

250. Lix, Henry M., May 18, 1972
Hot Springs (Park Police, acting park naturalist, naturalist); Mammoth Cave (naturalist); WASO (branch of information); Great Smoky Mountains (assistant naturalist).

251. Lloyd, James V., October 24, 1962
Yosemite (seasonal ranger, ranger, management assistant); Grand Canyon (assistant superintendent); Lassen Volcanic (superintendent); Lake Texoma (project manager, superintendent); Santa Fe Regional Office (regional director of concessions); Omaha Regional Office (assistant regional director); Rocky Mountain (superintendent); Region Four (project manager).

252. Lombard, Jess, September 20, 1962
Dinosaur (custodian/superintendent); Fort Laramie; Wind Cave (superintendent); Echo Park/Split Mountain Dam controversy.

253. Lovegren, B., March 05, 1973
WASO (secretary's office, personnel assistant, assistant personnel officer); Bureau of Land Management; Grand Canyon (superintendent).

254. Ludgate, Vivian R. (Lud), March 18, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps; Acadia (landscape and planning assistant); Great Smoky Mountains; Richmond Office; WASO.

255. Luntey, Robert S. (Bob), October 23, 1962
Yellowstone (seasonal ranger, ranger); WASO (Alaska survey team); Western Regional Office (regional chief of planning service).

256. Luntey, Robert S. (Bob), September 11, 1972
Yellowstone (seasonal ranger, ranger); WASO (departmental training course); WASO (administrative assistant); Alaska survey; Denver Service Center.

257. Lykes, Ira B., November 23, 1973
Civilian Conservation Corps (foreman); Richmond Office; Atlanta (emergency relief administration); Cape Hatteras; Prince William Forest (superintendent); WWII duty; Shiloh (superintendent); WASO (chief of division of park practice).

258. Lykes, Mantha, November 23, 1973
WASO (office of personnel, office of Mission 66, park management, office of history, office of archeology and historic preservation); Bureau of Outdoor Recreation.

259. Macy, Preston P., 10/10-11/1962
Mount Rainier (seasonal ranger naturalist, ranger, district ranger, assistant chief ranger); Olympic (preliminary study team, custodian/superintendent); Mount Rainier (superintendent); Mission 66.

260. Mahan, Mary (Mamie), March 21, 1973
Wapatki; volunteer work in NPS; NPS wives; Arches; Southwestern National Monuments; Aztec Ruin; Chiricahau.

261. Mahan, Russell L., March 21, 1973
Civil Works Administration (timekeeper, clerk, seasonal ranger); Zion (clerk); Southwestern National Monuments (ranger); Aztec (acting custodian); Arches (custodian).

262: Maier, Herbert, October 28, 1962
Emergency Conservation Work (district officer).

263: Manucy, Albert W., March 17, 1971
Fort Marion; Fort Jefferson (Works Progress Administration research project supervisor); Castillo de San Marcos (junior research technician).

264: Marler, George D., September 27, 1962
Yellowstone (seasonal, naturalist, naturalist-geologist); Old Faithful; geysers.

265: Marrero, Julio, January 27, 1971
San Juan (historian, superintendent); interpretation; accessibility; WASO (international cooperation specialist).

266: Marshall, Charles (Charlie), March 22, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (historian at Shiloh, Colonial and Morristown); Statue of Liberty (historian, superintendent); Gilford Courthouse (acting custodian and superintendent); Colonial (assistant superintendent); Cape Hatteras (Land Acquisition Office); Natchez Trace (assistant superintendent); Richmond Regional Office(public affairs officer; assistant regional director; associate regional director).

267: Martin, Carol A., March 09, 1973
Carlsbad Caverns; Glen Canyon; Tuzigoot (clerk typist; superintendent); Custer Battlefield (administrative assistant).

268: Martinek, Julius, January 26, 1971
Mount Rainier (seasonal, ranger, district ranger); Ohanapucosh; WASO (departmental training program, Mission 66 project ranger, chief of dedications and special events); Sequoia (district ranger); Kings Canyon (district ranger); Yellowstone (assistant superintendent); Kilimanjaro (project leader).

269: Masland, Frank E., junior, December 29, 1970
Dinosaur dams battle; NPS Advisory Board.

270: Masland, Frank E., junior, June 06, 1972
Gettysburg; Yosemite; Virginia Islands; Everglades; NPS Advisory Board.

271: Mattes, Merrill J., September 14, 1962
Scotts Bluff (historian, custodian); Missouri River Basin (historian); Omaha Regional Office (regional historian, chief of history and archeology).

272: Mattes, Merrill J., September 11, 1972
Omaha Regional Office (regional historian); San Francisco Regional Office (office of resource planning, chief of history and historic architecture); George Washington Carver; Jefferson National Expansion; Denver Service Center (manager for historic preservation).

273: Matthews, Tom, December 14, 1962
Chaco Canyon (dig site, ranger); Wupatki dig site; Hubbard Mound, Mesa Verde; Southwest Archeological Center.

274: Mattison, Ray H., February 20, 1973
Boulder/Hoover Dam (guide); Carlsbad Caverns (guide); Tumacacori (ranger); Ocmulgee (ranger); Shiloh (historian); Theodore Roosevelt; Omaha Regional Office (Missouri River survey, regional historian).

275: Mattson, Frank E., c. 1962
Transcript not yet prepared.

276: Mattson, Frank E., September 19, 1972
Western Office of Design and Construction; Yellowstone; recreational demonstration areas.

277: Mauger, George L., November 05, 1962
Concessions; president and general manager of Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Park Company.

278: McClure, Albert, June 03, 1971
Morristown (museum technician); WASO (museum division); Jefferson National Expansion; Yellowstone, Fort Union; Ford Theater.

279: McDougall, Walter B., March 11, 1973
Civilian Conservation Corps (wildlife technician); Yellowstone (senior ranger naturalist); Natchez Trace Parkway; death of Roger Toll and George Wright.

280: McFadden, Ralph R., October 31, 1962
Civilian Conservation Corps; Western Office of Design and Construction; Utilities at Yosemite and Yellowstone.

281: McFadden, Ralph R., September 12, 1972
Western Office of Design and Construction; reorganization; San Francisco Office (head of A/V, radio, phone, electrical and power); Denver Service Center (power and electrical contracts).

282: McHenry, Donald E. (Mac), November 01, 1962
Grand Canyon (naturalist); National Capital Parks (naturalist, beginning of Capital nature walks).

283: McKinney, Zeb V., March 24, 1973
Blue Ridge Parkway (seasonal); Everglades (seasonal, ranger); Isle Royale (district ranger); Tonto (superintendent); Grand Canyon (plans and program specialist).

284: McLaren, F. Douglas, September 26, 1962
Grand Teton (district ranger); rescue missions.

285: McLaughlin, John S., December 03, 1962
Grand Canyon (superintendent); Africa; Yellowstone; Rocky Mountain (chief ranger, assistant superintendent); San Francisco Regional Office (assistant regional officer); Mesa Verde (superintendent).

286: McNeil, Irving junior, March 02, 1973
Casa Grande (seasonal); Bandelier (seasonal); Chaco Canyon (superintendent); El Morro (superintendent); Tumacacori; Southwest Archeological Center (management assistant).

287: Mentzer, Frank, March 06, 1973
"Family Camping" magazine; Northeast Regional Office (publications officer, assistant to the regional director for public affairs); Catoctin (superintendent); Santa Fe Regional Office (assistant regional director).

288: Merriam, Lawrence C., October 28, 1962
Civilian Conservation Corps (district officer); Yosemite (superintendent); Omaha Regional Office (regional director); Jackson Hole; San Francisco Regional Office (regional director).
289: Messenger, Jerome G. (Jerry), 1962
Glacier (janitor).

290: Mikell, Waring (Mike), March 26, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (camp superintendent); Richmond Regional Office (associate engineer); Statue of Liberty; Hatteras (engineer); Everglades (engineer); Virgin Islands (engineer).

291: Miller, Bruce J., August 23, 1971
Glacier (seasonal ranger, assistant fire dispatcher); Great Smoky Mountains (assistant chief ranger, park forester); WASO (protection training officer); Yosemite (park forester and assistant chief ranger); San Francisco Planning and Service Center, Land and Water Rights Office; Isle Royale (superintendent); Great Lakes Field Office; Philadelphia Office (assistant regional director for cooperative programs).

292: Miller, George W., December 11, 1962
Yellowstone (seasonal ranger, ranger, assistant chief ranger); Glacier (chief ranger); Rocky Mountain (assistant superintendent); Glacier (assistant superintendent); Big Bend (superintendent); Santa Fe Regional Office (assistant Regional director).

293: Miller, Hugh M., December 08, 1962
Wind Cave (clerk stenographer; Southwestern National Monuments (chief clerk); Civilian Conservation Corps; WASO (personnel officer); Santa Fe
Regional Office (associate regional director, regional director).

294: Miller, Paul McG., April 08, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (cleanup foreman); Santa Fe Regional Office; WASO (director's office, plans and designs office); Mammoth Cave
(superintendent).

295: Miller, Roger (Pat), May 23, 1972
Carlsbad Caverns (seasonal, guide); Big Bend (district ranger); Colonial (district ranger); Andrew Johnson (superintendent); Great Smoky Mountains (park manager).

296: Miller, Thomas Carroll, January 08, 1963
Carlsbad Caverns (contractor, ranger, assistant chief ranger, chief ranger, assistant superintendent); Petrified Forest (ranger, acting chief ranger, acting superintendent); Chaco Canyon (superintendent); Aztec Ruins; Southwestern Monuments; Mammoth Cave (superintendent); Platt (superintendent); Grand Teton (assistant superintendent).

297: Montgomery, Clarence P., December 16, 1970
Civilian Conservation Corps; Colonial (Civil Works Administration laborer, clerk, chief clerk); Richmond Regional Office(field auditor); WASO (assistant chief accountant, assistant finance officer; assistant director of administration); NPS reorganization; National Park Service Conference.

298: Montgomery, Clarence P., July 16, 1973
Blue Ridge Parkway (ranger); Mammoth Cave; WASO (management course); Shenandoah (district ranger); Richmond Regional Office (park planner); Bureau of Outdoor Recreation.

299: Moomaw, Benjamin Franklin, January 11, 1974
Civilian Conservation Corps; Colonial (ranger); Hawaii (ranger); King Mountain and Cowpens (superintendent).

300: Moore, Robert and Moore, Shirley, July 02, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps; Shenandoah (forestry foreman); Richmond Regional Office(forester); San Francisco Regional Office (forester; assistant regional director); Grand Teton; Lassen Volcanic; WASO (assistant director of operations, chief of division of concessions management).

301: Morales, Manuel Angel, November 12, 1973
El Morro (historian, chief historian); WASO (chief of interpretation); Harpers Ferry Center

302: Morehead, John M. (Jack), November 28, 1962
Bill Butler; Rocky Mountain (trail crew); Glacier (fire guard); Yosemite (seasonal, ranger); Stephen T. Mather Training Center session; Colorado Monument (ranger); Mount Rainier (ranger); WASO (management training); Lake Mead (district ranger).

303: Morrell, Fred Rowe, June 29, 1972
Yellowstone (seasonal ranger); Civilian Conservation Corps; WASO (clerk, chief of administration, officer of design and construction, Western Office of Design and Construction); Omaha Regional Office (clerk).

304: Morrell, John O., June 20, 1975
Civilian Conservation Corps; Great Smoky Mountains.

305: Morse, Thomas W., March 29, 1971
Richmond Regional Office (regional chief of cooperative activities); Cape Hatteras (assistant superintendent); Cape Lookout (superintendent).

306: Motherspaugh, Kelly F., November 14, 1973
Everglades (seasonal); Yellowstone (seasonal); earthquakes.

307: Mullady, John T., February 14, 1973
Virginia Natural History Institute; Yosemite (ranger); Glacier (ranger); Chamizal (chief ranger).

308: Mulvany, Raymond O., February 22, 1973
WASO (clerk); Isle Royale (clerk); Civilian Conservation Corps; Omaha Regional Office (field auditor); Richmond Regional Office (administrative assistant); San Francisco Regional Office.

309: Murie, Adolph, October 19, 1962
Mt. McKinley (seasonal assistant); biological studies (Yellowstone, Grand Teton, Mt. McKinley); Omaha Regional Office (regional biologist).

310: Murie, Claus J., September 27, 1962
Biological survey team; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

311: Myers, James B., June 27, 1972
Richmond Regional Office (clerk); recreation demonstration areas; Manassas (superintendent); Roosevelt-Vanderbilt (superintendent); Eleanor Roosevelt; Gettysburg (superintendent); Hatteras (superintendent).

312: Neilson, Keith, April 00, 1961
Yosemite; Mission 66.

313: Neilson, Keith, October 23, 1962
Yellowstone (clerk, chief clerk); WASO (chief of budget, chief accountant, finance officer); Yosemite (assistant superintendent); San Francisco Regional Office (assistant regional director).

314: Neilson, Keith, September 19, 1972
Yellowstone (procurement clerk, chief clerk); WASO (budget officer, chief accountant, finance officer); Yosemite (assistant superintendent); San Francisco Regional Office (assistant regional director); Glacier (superintendent); Great Smoky Mountains (superintendent).

315: Nelligan, Murray H., August 25, 1971
National Capital Parks (acting chief of public use section); Independence (chief historian); WASO (chief of interpretation); Lee Mansion/Arlington House; living history; historic and natural landmarks; National Historic Preservation Act.; historic site survey.

316: Newton, Norman T., October 20, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps; Saratoga.

317: Noffsinger, Edwina M., October 23, 1962
Glacier (secretary to superintendent).

318: Northington, Oscar Fitzallen, junior, May 25, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (assistant historian Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania); Petersburg (Civil Works Administration); George Washington Birthplace (seasonal ranger); Appomattox Courthouse.

319: Noyes, Elmer, June 30, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (superintendent).

320: Nusbaum, Jesse L., December 09, 1962
Mesa Verde (superintendent); politics.

321: Oakes, Wiffler, R. (Spike), February 20, 1973
Sequoia; Death Valley; Civilian Conservation Corps; interpretive program; Shasta Lake (chief ranger); Olympic (assistant chief ranger); Grand Canyon; Tonto (superintendent).

322: Oehlman, Hilmer, April 00, 1961
Yosemite; Glacier concessions (general manager); transportation in the parks; park accommodations; Mission 66.

323: Oehlman, Hilmer, November 02, 1962
Concessions; Yosemite Park and Curry Company (seasonal, superintendent of commercial department, general manager, executive vice president).

324: Olsen, Herbert, October 18, 1971
Roosevelt-Vanderbilt (temporary); Colonial (temporary curator/typing); Petersburg; Saratoga (historian); Christiansted, U.S. Virgin Islands; WASO (research, branch of museums, branch of employee evaluation); Natchez Trace (chief of interpretation); Russell Cave (superintendent); Shiloh (superintendent).

325: O'Neil, Bill and O'Neil, Elizabeth (Lib), March 15, 1971
Elizabeth O'Neil: Richmond Regional Office(Emergency Conservation Work clerk). Bill O'Neil: Civilian Conservation Corps (office engineer); Richmond Regional Office(sanitary engineer); Great Smoky Mountains; Statue of Liberty; George Washington Birthplace; regional engineer.

326: Overly, Fred, October 01, 1960
Olympic; Great Smoky Mountains; Glacier.

327: Packard, Fred, January 07, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (wildlife technician); Omaha (wildlife programming); Rocky Mountain; WASO (international specialist).

328: Palmer, George A., August 26, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (historical technician, Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania); Morristown; Statue of Liberty (first superintendent); Fort McHenry (first superintendent); Roosevelt-Vanderbilt; federal emergency relief administration.

329: Parmenter, Arthur N., October 19, 1971
Colonial; Civilian Conservation Corps; Richmond Regional Office (project engineer).

330: Pennecamp, John D., November 20, 1973
Everglades; Governor's Conference; Audubon Society; Everglades dedication.

331: Peterson, Harold L., June 30, 1972
Ford's Theater Museum Lab (curator); WASO Division of History and Branch of Curatorial Services; Gettysburg; Museum of Arms and Armor; cannon; NPS museums; period costumes.

332: Peterson, J. Hardin, April 14, 1971
Congressman; Chairman of Public Lands Committee (Kings Canyon, Jackson Hole, De Soto, Roosevelt, Theodore, Fort Caroline, Everglades, Big Bend, Saguaro, Harpers Ferry).

333: Peterson, Luther T., Jr., April 04, 1973
San Francisco Regional Office (civil engineer); glaciers; Yosemite; Omaha Regional Office (regional engineer); Grand Teton (assistant superintendent); Jefferson National Expansion (acting superintendent); Carlsbad Caverns (superintendent); Big Bend (superintendent).

334: Phelps, Dawson A., February 09, 1973
Vicksburg (historian); Natchez Trace; WASO (administrative assistant).

335: Pinkley, Jean, December 05, 1962
Mesa Verde (museum assistant, archeologist, assistant chief archeologist, chief archeologist).

336: Pitkin, Tommy, August 31, 1971
Temporary Indianapolis Regional Office (historian); Chicago Office (historian); Omaha Regional Office; St. Louis Office; Statue of Liberty; Jefferson National Expansion; Colonial (chief historian).

337: Porter, Dr. Charles W., III, February 10, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps; Richmond Regional Office(assistant historian); WASO (associate research technician, chief of planning and interpretation, chief preservation and use branch of the history division, chief historian); Chicago Office (assistant chief historian).

338: Preston, John C., April 10, 1964
Rocky Mountain (seasonal ranger, ranger, chief ranger, assistant Superintendent); Civilian Conservation Corps; WASO (director's office); Lassen
Volcanic (superintendent); Mount Rainier (superintendent); Smoky (superintendent); Yosemite (superintendent).

339: Pruitt, Irmine Kennedy, March 30, 1973
National Conference on State Parks; WASO (secretary to Evison and Wirth); Springfield Regional Office (secretary); recreation demonstration area.

340: Rabinstein, Bill, February 13-14, 1973
Lava Beds (seasonal ranger); Organ Pipe Cactus (seasonal chief naturalist); Grand Canyon (seasonal naturalist); Carlsbad Caverns (guide); Gettysburg; Hawaii (assistant chief naturalist); Great Sand Dunes; Big Bend.

341: Ramsdell, Leeland F. (Lee), March 06, 1971
WASO (assistant personnel officer).

342: Ratcliff, Harold (Slim), April 02, 1973
Rocky Mountain (ranger, district ranger); Dinosaur (custodian); Santa Fe Regional Office (soil conservationist, acting regional forester); Southwestern National Monuments.

343: Reed, Erik, December 11, 1962
Southwestern National Monuments (seasonal ranger); Civilian Conservation Corps; Omaha Regional Office (assistant archeologist, regional archeologist); Santa Fe (regional chief of interpretation, chief of history and archeology).

344: Reeves, Roscoe (Ross), July 21, 1971
Blue Ridge Parkway (assistant warden, warden, chief of visitor services); moonshine; Booker T. Washington.

345: Reifel, Honorable Ben, May 30, 1973
Congress; Appropriations Committee; WASO (collaborator, director for Indian programs).

346: Reshoft, John A., August 22, 1972
Civilian Conservation Corps (foreman); Blue Ridge Parkway; Santa Fe Regional Office; Mission 66; Wilderness Act.

347: Reshoft, John A. and Sager, Merel, c. 1962
San Francisco Regional Office (conference planning); Mission 66.

348: Richert, Roland, December 14, 1962
Tonto (seasonal); Southwestern National Monuments (ranger, ruins stabilization team).

349: Richey, Charles A., November 15, 1963
San Francisco Regional Office (master planning); Santa Fe Regional Office (master planning, assistant regional director); Southwestern National Monuments (assistant superintendent; superintendent); WASO (head of the National Park Division of Land and Recreation Planning Division, assistant chief of Land and Recreation Planning Division, chief of Land and Recreation Planning Division; chief of Lands Division); Japanese National Parks; Lake Mead National Recreation Area (superintendent).

350: Riley, Dr. Edward (Ed), October 31, 1973
Civilian Conservation Corps (foreman); Colonial; Independence (historian, chief historian); Williamsburg; Eastern National Parks and Monuments Association.

351: Ringenbach, Ray B., February 21, 1973
Civilian Conservation Corps; Organ Pipe Cactus (ranger); Southwestern National Monuments; Chiricahua (ranger); Gran Quivira (superintendent); Tumacacori; Fort Laramie (superintendent).

352: Roberts, Bertrum C., March 26, 1971
Sequoia (payroll clerk, personnel assistant, accountant); WASO (departmental management training program); Richmond Regional Office (regional personnel officer); Mammoth Cave (assistant to superintendent); Castillo (superintendent); Assateague; Fort Raleigh (general superintendent).

353: Roberts, Bertrum C., November 29, 1973
Cape Hatteras (superintendent); Southeast Regional Office (associate regional director).

354: Robertson, William, November 19, 1973
Transcript not yet prepared.

355: Robinette, Turner L., November 01, 1973
Civilian Conservation Corps (survey crew leader, camp engineer); Blue Ridge Parkway; Great Smoky Mountains; Richmond Regional Office engineer).

356: Robinson, Donald H., March 18, 1971
Glacier (ranger, district ranger, assistant chief naturalist); Blue Ridge Parkway (chief naturalist); Richmond Regional Office (regional naturalist/interpretive specialist).

357: Rogers, Edmund B., September 21, 1962
Yellowstone (superintendent); land use policy.

358: Rogers, Roger J., November 29, 1973
Richmond Regional Office (regional publications officer).

359: Root, Irving C., June 28, 1972
Civilian Conservation Corps; National Capital Parks (superintendent); Mammoth Cave; Yorktown; Washington Monument; NPS artillery acquisition; landscape architect.

360: Rose, Robert H. (Bob), July 02, 1971
Yellowstone (seasonal ranger); Yosemite (seasonal ranger, seasonal naturalist); Southwestern National Monuments (chief naturalist); Lake Mead (chief naturalist, superintendent); Philadelphia Regional Office (interpretive planner); WASO (chief geologist).

361: Rothrock, Howard & Betty, February 15, 1973
Howard: geological surveys; Civilian Conservation Corps; interpretation; Virgin Islands; Environment Improvement Board. Betty: WASO (secretary).

362: Ruesch, Vernon, December 03, 1962
Grand Canyon (seasonal ranger, truck driver, ranger, district ranger).

363: Ruffin, Tom, March 17, 1971
Richmond Regional Office(highway engineer); Cumberland Gap; Wilson's Creek.

364: Ruhle, George C., December 16, 1970
Richmond Regional Office (highway engineer).

365: Rumburg, Joseph C. junior, January 17, 1974
Transcript not yet prepared.

366: Russell, Dr. Carl P., October 25, 1962
Yosemite (seasonal ranger-naturalist, naturalist); WASO (museum program).

367: Russell, Richard (Dick), January 23, 1974
Transcript prepared but not yet described.

368: Rutter, John A., October 08, 1962
Yosemite (temporary type mapping); Isle Royale (temporary type mapping); Pinnacles; Devils Tower; Rocky Mountain (temporary type mapping, ranger); Wind Cave; Civilian Conservation Corps (foreman); Lassen Volcanic (laborer, ranger, chief ranger); Lake Texoma; Sequoia and Kings Canyon (assistant chief ranger); Badlands (superintendent); Mount Rainier (superintendent).

369: Ryan, Matthew, November 13, 1962
Death Valley (laborer, mechanic, ranger, district ranger).

370: Saari, Bill, April 15, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (forestry foreman); Richmond Regional Office (regional forester, regional officer, associate regional officer); Santa Fe (regional forester).

371: Sagan, Marc, March 08, 1971
WASO (interpretive planning); Harpers Ferry Center (interpretive planning); Grand Canyon; Independence; Acadia.

372: Sager, Merel S., July 17, 1972
San Francisco Regional Office (landscape architect); National Capital Parks (planning); Glacier (road building); Hawaii; Yosemite; Carlsbad Caverns; Japanese Park Service.

373: Salomon, Julian H., November 01, 1971
Recreation demonstration areas; Civilian Conservation Corps; WASO; Yosemite concessions.

374: Sanborn, Beulah, December 01, 1962
Yellowstone (cook, guide); Mammoth area concessions (manager, assistant hotel manager); life in the parks.

375: Sanborn, H. S. (Sandy), December 01, 1962
Lake Arrowhead (superintendent of resort properties); concessions; National Park Concessions; Mammoth (hotel manager).

376: Schellbach, Louis, December 17, 1962
Grand Canyon (seasonal naturalist, assistant naturalist, chief naturalist); Western Museum Division (museum technician); WASO (museum project).

377: Schesventer, George, November 08, 1973
Everglades (ranger); George Washington Birthplace (management assistant); Mound City (superintendent); Castillo de San Marcos (superintendent); coordinator for State of Ohio.

378: Schmidt, Henry G. (Hank), July 25, 1971
Sequoia (laborer, seasonal ranger, district ranger, assistant chief ranger); Civilian Conservation Corps (senior forester); Arches (custodian/superintendent); Kings Canyon (district ranger); Sitka and Glacier Bay (superintendent); Big Bend (assistant superintendent); Isle Royale (superintendent); Fire Island (superintendent); Philadelphia (regional director).

379: Schnettler, William A., March 03, 1973
WASO (chief of office services, NPS manuals); Philadelphia Regional Office; Santa Fe Regional Office; Yosemite; Lake Mead.

380: Schroeder, Albert (Al), April 05, 1973
Lake Mead (seasonal); Wupaki (seasonal); Grand Canyon (seasonal); Montezuma Castle; survey of Colorado River; Southwestern National Monuments; Regional Office Interpretive Study.

381: Seasholtz, Llyod, March 07, 1973
Carlsbad Caverns (electrician); utilities at Yellowstone and Yosemite; Lassen Volcanic; power plants at Glacier Bay, Katmai and Mt. Mt. McKinley (Alaska parks).

382: Sedergren, Oscar A., October 16, 1962
Mount Rainier (seasonal trail maintenance, temporary ranger, ranger, district ranger, assistant chief ranger); Sequoia (road location survey); Yosemite (chief ranger); Olympic (assistant superintendent).

383: Semingsen, Earl M. (Tiny), September 24, 1962
Employee and Alumni Association; Dinosaur (superintendent).

384: Shelvin, Charles E., February 22, 1973
Civilian Conservation Corps (foreman, assistant forester, procurement office); Omaha Regional Office; Isle Royale (superintendent); Grand Canyon (assistant superintendent).

385: Shore, Frank P., March 30, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (superintendent); WASO (assistant chief of the development division); Chicago Office; Catoctin recreational demonstration area; President Roosevelt.

386:Simmons, Kenneth B., March 31, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps; Richmond Regional Office (deputy assistant director, field coordinator); Branch of Plans and Design (assistant landscape architect); Southeastern Field Office (landscape architect).

387: Skinner, Curtis K., September 16, 1972
Rocky Mountain (seasonal ranger); Yellowstone; wildlife management; Mission 66; Mount Rainier.

388: Small, Edwin, October 19, 1971
Springfield Regional Office (CCC historian); Salem Maritime (superintendent); Boston National Historic Site Commission (functionary); Minute Man (superintendent); Northeast Regional Office (project coordinator, assistant to the director); National Historic Preservation Act.

389: Smart, Samuel, February 12, 1978
Richmond Regional Office.

390: Smith, Franklin G., April 04, 1973
Grand Canyon (seasonal); Carlsbad Caverns (tour leader); WASO (management training program, management assistant); Mesa Verde; Santa Fe Regional Office (regional museum curator); Fort Davis (superintendent).

391: Smith, Harold G., December 14, 1970
WASO, public buildings branch and cost section; WASO, finance office (chief of the regular budget and allotment unit, assistant chief of the budget section, chief of the budget section); Chicago Office (budget officer and assistant programs officer); Mission 66.

392: Smith, Harold G., December 28, 1974
Transcript not yet prepared.

393: Smith, Harold G. and Montgomery, Clarence P., October 16, 1970
Transcript not yet prepared.

394: Smith, Theodore T., July 18, 1972
Yellowstone (seasonal ranger); Shenandoah (chief clerk); WASO (housing committee, concessions); Prince William Forest (superintendent).

395: Sollenberger, S., February 01, 1974
Transcript not yet prepared.

396: Soule, Parke W., March 07, 1973
Yellowstone (accountant, chief clerk); Casa Grande (chief clerk); Omaha Regional Office; WASO (finance officer); Santa Fe Regional Office (quarters appraiser).

397: Spalding, Branch, Fall 1976
Richmond and Petersburg (historical technician, coordinating superintendent); Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania (acting superintendent); WASO (assistant director to Branch of Historic Sites and Buildings).

398: Speiser, Jean, August 30, 1971
Yellowstone; Grand Teton; Bryce Canyon; Yosemite; Big Bend; Shenandoah; Grand Canyon; Mammoth Cave.

399: Stagner, Howard R., February 15, 1962
WASO (chief of division of natural history); NPS and the past.

400: Stagner, Howard R., May 28, 1971
Yellowstone (seasonal ranger-naturalist, ranger-naturalist); Grand Teton (naturalist).

401. Stagner, Howard R., August 21, 1972
Yellowstone (seasonal ranger-naturalist, ranger-naturalist); Grand Teton (naturalist); Petrified forest (naturalist); Mount Rainier naturalist).

402: Stark, Anthony (Tony), May 22 - 23, 1972
Yellowstone (ranger); Blue Ridge Parkway (district ranger); Mammoth Cave; Great Smoky Mountains; Hot Springs.

403: Stark, Jack, November 16, 1973
Transcript not yet prepared.

404: Steen, Charlie R., April 03, 1973
Civil Works Administration; Wupatki; Tonto (archaeologist); Southwestern National Monuments (naturalist); WWII (operations); archeological salvage programs; river basin surveys; ruins stabilizations; Jordan planning team.

405: Stein, Minnie Cohen, August 28, 1971
Statue of Liberty (junior stenographer).

406: Stitt, Merle, March 24, 1973
Grand Teton (seasonal ranger); Yellowstone (ranger); Rocky Mountain (ranger); Lassen Volcanic; Grand Canyon; Craters of the Moon (superintendent); WASO (regional biologist); wildlife management plan.

407: Stratton, Clark A., November 01, 1960
Concessions; Administrative Manual on Concessions.

408: Stratton, Clark A., March 01, 1962
WASO (assistant director of design and construction); Atlantic coast sand fixation.

409: Stricklin, Howard B., October 01, 1960
Blue Ridge Parkway concessions.

410: Stricklin, Howard B., March 08, 1973
Wind Cave (acting custodian); recreation demonstration area; Grand Canyon (ranger); Blue Ridge Parkway (assistant superintendent); WASO (chairman); Grand Canyon (superintendent).

411: Stupka, Arthur (Art), May 19, 1972
Acadia (seasonal naturalist, naturalist); Yosemite Field School; Great Smoky Mountains (naturalist, chief naturalist).

412: Stutts, Clarence Culpeper, July 18, 1972
Civilian Conservation Corps.

413: Sullivan, James (Jim), October 31, 1973
Colonial (temporary historian, superintendent); Chickamauga and Chattanooga (historian); Philadelphia Regional Office (survey historian); Independence (research projects, chief of visitor services, chief of interpretation; assistant superintendent).

414: Sumner, Lowell, November 01, 1960
Grazing in parks.

415: Sumner, Lowell and Sumner, Marietta, February 15, 1973
NPS Wildlife Division; Santa Fe Regional Office (survey team); Channel Islands; Yosemite; Olympic; Mt. McKinley; Sequoia and Kings Canyon; WASO

416: Sutton, Myron D., January 26, 1971
Grand Canyon (seasonal ranger-naturalist); Carlsbad Caverns (guide); Montezuma (ranger); nature articles; Walnut Canyon; Prince William Forest (naturalist); Mission 66; WASO (museum division, long-range task force, assistant chief of division of international affairs); Yosemite (NPS Training Center staff); Northeast Regional Office (regional naturalist).

417: Swartz, Paul G., November 30, 1973
Transcript not yet prepared.

418: Sweeny, Ross F., August 24, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps; Salem Maritime; Virgin Islands; Richmond Office; Eastern Office of Design and Construction.

419: Swem, Theodor R., August 23, 1972
Mission 66; Omaha Regional Office (survey teams); WASO (new parks program); The Wilderness Society.

420: Sydansk, Raymond (Ray), June 02, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (forestry foreman); Richmond Regional Office (recreational survey team); Blue Ridge Parkway; recreation demonstration area.

421: Tarbell, Ardra E., October 21, 1971
Acadia National Park.

422: Taylor, Floyd, September 01, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps; Richmond Battlefield (representative in charge, custodian); Fredericksburg (junior historian); Petersburg (superintendent); Shiloh; Cape Hatteras (superintendent); WASO (program construction); National Capital Parks (superintendent).

423: Taylor, Ruby (Mrs. Otis B.), November 05, 1973
Richmond Regional Office; WASO (soil conservation manual).

424: Thede, Maury, March 10, 1973
Civilian Conservation Corps (camp superintendent); Yosemite (seasonal ranger); San Francisco Regional Office (forester, regional forester); Grand Canyon (assistant chief ranger); comments on NPS rangers.

425: Thomas, Chester A., December 05, 1962
Mesa Verde (seasonal ranger, superintendent); Bandelier (archeologist, acting custodian, custodian); Zion (assistant superintendent).

426: Thomas, Kathryn (Kay), November 09, 1973
WASO (director's office).

427: Thompson, Dave, November 30, 1975
Manassas; Omaha Regional Office (regional historian); Ozark.

428: Thompson, Theodore (Ted), April 05, 1973
Civilian Conservation Corps (camp superintendent); Sequoia Kings Canyon (ranger); Tonto (superintendent); Lehman Cave; Lake Mead (assistant chief); Yosemite Training Center staff; Mammoth Cave (assistant superintendent); San Francisco Regional Office (fire control officer); Flaming Gorge.

429: Thorne, Neil, November 02, 1973
Dinosaur (seasonal, permanent maintenance); Big Bend (heavy equipment operator, engineering technician); Petrified Forest (chief of maintenance); Morristown-Edison (chief of maintenance); Outer Banks (acting superintendent).

430: Tilberg, Fred, February 01, 1974
Transcript prepared but not yet described.

431: Tobin, Daniel J., October 30, 1962
Sequoia (clerk, chief clerk, assistant superintendent); Lassen Volcanic (superintendent); Richmond Regional Office (starting team, regional director).

432: Townsley, John A., May 15, 1973
Hawaii (ranger); National Capital Parks (assistant director for operations); father's career (Yosemite, chief ranger).

433: Tresidder, Mary Curry, October 16, 1962
Concessions; Yosemite (Camp Curry).

434: Tripp, Stephen R., June 28, 1972
Yosemite (temporary clerk); Grand Canyon (museum secretary); WASO (secretary to the director, junior executive officer, personnel officer).

435: Tripp, Stephen R., August 22-23, 1972
Worldwide disaster relief coordinator; Marshall Plan; International Cooperation Administration (ICA); USAID.

436: Unknown Subject, c. 1962
Regional director.

437: Utley, Robert M., May 17, 1973
Custer Battlefield (guide, acting superintendent); WASO (historian, historic sites survey team chief historian); Santa Fe Regional Office (regional historian); bicentennial.

438: Valkenburgh, Sallie Van, December 14, 1962
Montezuma (archeologist assistant, archeologist); Mesa Verde; Casa Grande (ranger); Jim Brewer; Tumacacori (ranger); Bandelier (seasonal); Southwestern National Monuments (archeologist assistant); Grand Canyon (naturalist); Southwest Archeological Center (museum curator).

439: Vint, Tom, June 30, 1960
Grand Canyon; road building; Bandelier; Yellowstone; contractors.

440: Vinten, Charles Raymond, April 06, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (field supervisor); Southwestern National Monuments (coordinating superintendent).

441: Vivian, Gordon, December 13, 1962
Civilian Conservation Corps (Indian ruins stabilization); Chaco Canyon; Mesa Verde.

442: Volz, J. Leonard, October 08, 1962
Blue Ridge Parkway (chief ranger); Mount Rainier (assistant superintendent).

443: Volz, J. Leonard, September 08, 1972
Natchez Trace; Mount Rainier (ranger, district ranger, assistant chief ranger, assistant superintendent); Lassen Volcanic (chief ranger); Blue Ridge Parkway (chief ranger); Southeast Regional Office (chief of visitor protection, regional director); WASO (field operation study team, head of employee evaluation, head of personnel). Omaha Regional Office (regional director).

444: Wagar, John V. K. (Jack), April 29, 1961
Ranger exam; Historic Sites Act of 1935; U.S. Forest Service Manual.

445: Wagar, John V. K. (Jack), September 17, 1962
Colorado State University (Head of Department of Forest Recreation and Wildlife Conservation); Civilian Conservation Corps (superintendent).

446: Walker, Carl O., April 03, 1973
Civilian Conservation Corps (supply leader, clerk); Santa Fe Regional Office (clerk-typist, accounting); Zion (senior clerk, chief clerk); Lake Mead (chief clerk); Grand Canyon (chief clerk); WASO fiscal procedures analyst), finance officer, chief of budget and finance).

447: Walker, Carl & Smith (Smitty), Spring 1966
Reorganization; programming, planning; budgeting.

448: Walliser, Max, November 06, 1962
Civilian Conservation Corps (landscape foreman); San Francisco Regional Office (regional director's staff, chief of construction, chief of master plan); Mount Rainier (assistant landscape architect). Glacier; Olympic; Sequoia (landscape architect).

449: Weber, M. Gardner, February 25, 1971
Transcript not yet prepared.

450: Weber, Walter, February 25, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps; Oklahoma City Office (wildlife technician); WASO.

451: Weems, Sam, October 01, 1960
Civilian Conservation Corps, Works Progress Administration; Shenandoah; Blue Ridge Parkway; international travel; Atlanta Field Office; Southeast Region (assistant director); Cumberland Island (superintendent); National Landmark Program.

452: Weems, Sam, July 26, 1960
Land acquisitions; Blue Ridge Parkway (assistant superintendent); Hugh Morton.

453: Weems, Sam, February 26, 1971
Transcript not yet prepared.

454: Weems, Sam, July 16, 1971
Federal land appraiser; Blue Ridge Parkway (project manager, assistant superintendent).

455: Weems, Sam, August 28, 1975
Shenandoah; Blue Ridge Parkway (land appraisal); International (Japanese National Parks, Taiwan National Parks; New South Wales National Parks).

456: Weig, Melvin J., September 01, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps; Morristown (historian); Edison (superintendent).

457: Westley, Volney J., December 10, 1962
Civilian Conservation Corps (road engineering); Yosemite (survey team).

458: Whanger, Ernest G. (Ernie), July 22, 1971
Richmond Regional Office (procurement officer); Blue Ridge Parkway (chief clerk).

459: Whisonant, Wylie H., May 25, 1971
WASO (driver, bartender); Civilian Conservation Corps.

460: White, Golda, May 20, 1972
Discusses career of her husband, Robert White: Yorktown Sesquicentennial; Washington Birthplace (engineer); Great Smoky Mountains (engineer).

461: Williams, Thomas J., December 07, 1962
Sequoia (seasonal ranger, ranger); Death Valley (ranger); Mesa Verde (assistant superintendent); Shasta Lake; Olympic (assistant superintendent); Santa Fe Regional Office (chief of ranger services).

462: Wilshin, Francis F., June 29, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (foreman, historical technician); Vicksburg (historian); Coast and Geodetic Surveys; Fredericksburg (coordinating historian); Manassas (superintendent); Mission 66.

463: Wing, Kittridge (Kit), May 14, 1973
Grand Canyon; Santa Fe Regional Office; Bandelier (ranger); Fort Union excavation; San Juan; Gettysburg; Petrified Forest; Cape Hatteras; WASO (division of operations); Yellowstone.

464: Winter, William John (Jack), November 09, 1973
WASO (archeologist, chief archeologist); Casa Grande (custodian/superintendent).

465: Wirth, Conrad, Huppuch, Matthew, Kennedy, Sid and Reixach, Rene, February 12, 1971
The start of Civilian Conservation Corps; Wirth: State parks and Civilian Conservation Corps; Reixach: assistant supervisor of Emergency Conservation Work.

466: Woollard, Walter, April 08, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (soil conservation, senior superintendent); Richmond Regional Office (staff engineer).

467: Wosky, John B., October 23, 1962
Landscape and Architectural Division (architectural draftsman); Yosemite (landscape architect, assistant superintendent); Crater Lake (superintendent); Hawaii (superintendent); San Francisco Regional Office (regional chief of operations and maintenance).

468: Wotton, Ann Roth, April 01, 1971
Recreational demonstration area.

469: Yeager, W. Ward, October 18, 1962
Yellowstone (ranger); Lassen Volcanic (temporary ranger); Civilian Conservation Corps (assistant forester); Kings Canyon (chief ranger); Mount Rainier (chief ranger); Mesa Verde (assistant superintendent); Lake Mead (assistant superintendent); Crater Lake (superintendent).

470: Young, Dana H., October 22, 1971
Acadia (truck driver).

471: Young, Rogers W., January 05, 1971
Civilian Works Administration (researcher); Fort Pulaski (staff technician, junior historian); Civilian Conservation Corps (foreman historian); C&O Canal (historian); Historic Sites Survey.

Navigate back to collection overview

Subseries II.C: Interview Notes and Draft Transcripts, 1959-1999 (bulk dates: 1970-1980)

Volume of subseries: 6.0 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Scope and Content Note

Draft transcripts of oral histories with the narrator’s edits which document any differences between the transcripts and recordings. Also includes correspondence regarding the draft transcripts sent out to the interviewees for editing, and interview notes. Black and white photos are also present in a small number of files.

Container List

BOX 01
Folder 01: Abbot, Stan, 1958-1987
Folder 02: Abbuehl, Edward, 1971-1980
Folder 03: Alexander, Donald, 1971-1977
Folder 04: Alvater, Allen, 1975-1980
Folder 05: Anderson, Jean T., 1980
Folder 06: Andrews, Robert W., 1980
Folder 07: Appleman, Roy, 1971-1980
Folder 08: Arana, Luis, 1984
Folder 09: Arnberger, Leslie P., 1964
Folder 10: Arnold, Fred H., 1971
Folder 11: Ashley, Kenneth, 1975-1980
Folder 12: Aubuchon, John A., 1964-1980
Folder 13: Baggley, George F., 1972
Folder 14: Bahlman, William S., 1971, undated
Folder 15: Baker, Howard, 1972-1981
Folder 16: Baker, Nathan, 1971
Folder 17: Ballard, Edward, 1972-1976

BOX 02
Folder 01: Barnes, Doug, 1976-1985
Folder 02: Barnes, Frank, 1971-1976
Folder 03: Barnette, Stuart, 1977
Folder 04: Barrows, Jack S., 1972-1976
Folder 05: Barrows, Maynard, 1972-1978
Folder 06: Batton, Earl, 1974
Folder 07: Bayliss, Dudley, 1971-1972
Folder 08: Bean, Glen, 1980
Folder 09: Beard, Daniel, 1964
Folder 10: Beatty, Matthew E., 1964
Folder 11: Belinky, Gale, 1971-1973
Folder 12: Bentley, James, 1978
Folder 13: Bicknell, Al, 1962
Folder 14: Binnewies, Fred, 1980
Folder 15: Broadbent, John M., 1980
Folder 16: Brooks, Chat, 1977-1979
Folder 17: Brown, Chester, 1962
Folder 18: Bruce, Gordon, 1975-1976
Folder 19: Bryant, Harold, 1962
Folder 20: Brant, Harold and Carl Russell, 1962
Folder 21: Burns, Robert, 1973-1976
Folder 22: Butcher, Deveroux, 1973-1980
Folder 23: Cahalane, Victor, 1972-1976
Folder 24: Campbell, Carlos 1978-1982

BOX 03
Folder 01: Carnes, William, 1980
Folder 02: Castro, Nash, 1971-1985
Folder 03: Cattanach, George and Keith Anderson, 1973-1988
Folder 04: Caudill, Clay, 1971-1976
Folder 05: Caywood, Louis, 1964
Folder 06: Chatelain, Vern, 1980
Folder 07: Chick, Drew, 1975-1980
Folder 08: Chiles, Mary Ruth, 1978
Folder 09: Christenson, Milo, 1980
Folder 10: Clement, Blanton, undated
Folder 11: Coale, Burton V., 1972-1976
Folder 12: Coates, Robert M., 1974-1980
Folder 13: Coleman, Walter, 1975
Folder 14: Connally, Ernest, 1980
Folder 15: Cook, John O., 1980
Folder 16: Cotter, John, 1975-1976
Folder 17: Cox, Elbert, 1971-1980
Folder 18: Cozzani, Oscar, 1971-1981
Folder 19: Crouch, Carlisle, 1980
Folder 20: Crumpler, Mary F., 1971-1977
Folder 21: Curtis, Harry E., 1972-1977
Folder 22: Dale, Edwin (Mac), 1980-1983

BOX 04
Folder 01: Davenport, Ted, 1980-1983
Folder 02: Davis, John M., 1963-1980
Folder 03: DeGelleke, Peter, 1971-1975
Folder 04: Denniston, Jess H., 1971-1978
Folder 05: DeWeese, Lauri and John, 1990
Folder 06: Dickinson, Russell, 1978
Folder 07: Dilley, Willard, 1985
Folder 08: Dilonardo, Kathleen, 1981
Folder 09: During, Henry, 1964
Folder 10: Eaton, Edward, 1984
Folder 11: Elliot, Charles, 1976-1980
Folder 12: Ellis, Vincent, 1977
Folder 13: Fwald, Walter, 1973
Folder 14: Favour, Paul, 1971-1978
Folder 15: Felton, James B., 1973-1979
Folder 16: Fitch, Monte E., 1980
Folder 17: Flickinger, Victor, 1980
Folder 18: Foster, Newell, 1971-1979
Folder 19: Franke, Paul R., 1964, undated
Folder 20: Franzen, Archie, 1971-1972
Folder 21: Fredine, Gordon, 1977
Folder 22: Freeland, Edward, 1980
Folder 23: Freeman, Ray, 1980
Folder 24: Gadsby, Herbert, 1968-1975
Folder 25: Gale, Bennet T., undated
Folder 26: Gardner, Malcolm, 1970-1973
Folder 27: Garrison, Lemuel A., 1980
Folder 28: Garry, Tom, undated

BOX 05
Folder 01: Gastellum, Luis A., 1980
Folder 02: Gibbs, Robert F., 1971-1981
Folder 03: Gilbert, Vernon (Tommy), 1971-1980
Folder 04: Glenn, Marlow, 1980
Folder 05: Glover, W. Herschel, 1971-1977
Folder 06: Grater, Russell, 1980-1981, undated
Folder 07: Graves, Charles, 1971-1978
Folder 08: Gregg, Raymond, 1973-1980
Folder 09: Griffin, John, undated
Folder 10: Griffing, Scudder, 1971-1978
Folder 11: Guillet, Meredith, 1964, undated
Folder 12: Guse, Neal, 1973-1981

BOX 06
Folder 01: Gusico, Francis J., 1971-1978
Folder 02: Hadley, Lawrence, 1972-1980
Folder 03: Hall, William, 1971-1979
Folder 04: Hallock, Louis, 1973-1985
Folder 05: Hamilton, Warren and Elaine, 1980-1984
Folder 06: Harman, Charles, 1972-1984
Folder 07: Hatch, Charles, 1980
Folder 08: Haussman, William, 1972-1982
Folder 09: Haynes, Aldon, 1973-1980
Folder 10: Heine, Cornelius, 1973, undated
Folder 11: Hendrix, Glen (Bressler), 1972-1977
Folder 12: Herschler, Barton, 1980
Folder 13: Hollomon, William and Beverly, 1980
Folder 14: Hooper, Bill, 1974, undated
Folder 15: Hoskins, Taylor, 1971-1979
Folder 16: Houston, Aubrey, 1963-1964

BOX 07
Folder 01: Hubbard, Douglass, 1970-1977
Folder 02: Hubler, Sally, 1981
Folder 03: Hummel, Edward, 1971-1997
Folder 04: Hunkens, Hazen, undated
Folder 05: Huppuch, Matt, 1971-1980
Folder 06: Husted, James, 1980
Folder 07: Hyde, Tom, 1971-1980
Folder 08: Ingalls, George, 1972-1980, undated
Folder 09: Jackson, Earl, 1973-1980
Folder 10: Jacobson, Arthur, 1964, undated
Folder 11: Jacquette, Charles, 1971-1973
Folder 12: Jeffers, Charles, 1973-1974
Folder 13: Jepson, Carl, 1980
Folder 14: Jett, Sutton, 1970-1973
Folder 15: Johnson, Ralph N., 1972-1984
Folder 16: Jones, Alfred, 1971-1978
Folder 17: Judge, Paul, 1980
Folder 18: Kahler, Herb, 1971-1973
Folder 19: Kennedy, Joe L., 1973-1980
Folder 20: Kennedy, Sidney, 1971-1980
Folder 21: Kieley, James, 1972-1978
Folder 22: King, Dale, 1962-1963

BOX 08
Folder 01: Knopf, Alfred, 1970-1973
Folder 02: Kolb, Bernhard, 1971-1976
Folder 03: Kowski, Frank, 1962-1980
Folder 04: Kurjack, Dennis, 1974
Folder 05: Lee, Don, 1966
Folder 06: Lee, Ronald, 1970-1973
Folder 07: Lessem, Harold, 1975-1978
Folder 08: Lewis, Ralph, 1971-1974
Folder 09: Liles, Granville, 1975, undated
Folder 10: Lisle, Ewell M., 1971-1977
Folder 11: Lister, Robert, 1980
Folder 12: Lix, Henry, 1980
Folder 13: Lovegren, Robert, 1980
Folder 14: Ludgate, Roswell, 1971-1977
Folder 15: Luntey, Robert, 1976
Folder 16: Lykes, Ira B., 1985-1988
Folder 17: Lykes, Mantha M., 1973-1990
Folder 18: Mahan, Mary, 1980
Folder 19: Mahan, Russell, 1980
Folder 20: Manucy, Albert, 1972-1977
Folder 21: Marrero, Julio, 1971-1980
Folder 22: Marshall, Charles, 1971-1977
Folder 23: Martin, Carol, 1973-1980
Folder 24: Martinek, Julius, 1971
Folder 25: Masland, Frank, 1970-1978

BOX 09
Folder 01: Mattes, Merril J., 1964-1977
Folder 02: Mattson, Frank, 1976
Folder 03: McClure, Albert, 1971-1976
Folder 04: McDougall, Walter, 1973-1982
Folder 05: McFadden, Ralph, 1972-1981
Folder 06: McHenry, Donald, 1962, undated
Folder 07: Mckinney, Zeb, 1980
Folder 08: McLaren, Douglas, undated
Folder 09: McLaren, Fred, 1972
Folder 10: McNeil, Irving, 1973-1980
Folder 11: Mentzer, Frank, 1973-1980
Folder 12: Merriam, Lawrence, 1962
Folder 13: Mikell, Waring, 1971-1975
Folder 14: Miller, Bruce J., 1971-1980
Folder 15: Miller, Paul, 1971-1976
Folder 16: Miller, Roger, 1978
Folder 17: Montgomery, Clarence P., 1970-1980
Folder 18: Moomaw, Ben, 1974
Folder 19: Moore, Bob, 1975-1979
Folder 20: Morales, Manuel, 1989

BOX 10
Folder 01: Morell, Fred, 1972-1976
Folder 02: Morell, John O., 1975-1984
Folder 03: Morse, Tom, 1971-1979
Folder 04: Motherspaugh, Kelly F., 1984
Folder 05: Mullady, John T., 1980
Folder 06: Mulvany, Raymond, 1973-1981
Folder 07: Myers, James B., 1972-1979
Folder 08: Neilson, Keith, 1972-1980
Folder 09: Nelligan, Murray, 1975-1980
Folder 10: Newton, Norman, 1971-1983
Folder 11: Northington, Oscar F., 1971-1980
Folder 12: Noyes, Elmer, 1971-1980
Folder 13: Oakes, Whiffler R., 1973-1980
Folder 14: Oehlman, Hilmer, 1962, undated
Folder 15: Olson, Herbert, 1971-1978
Folder 16: O’Neil, William, 1972-1980
Folder 17: Packard, Fred, 1971-1973
Folder 18: Palmer, George, 1971

BOX 11
Folder 01: Parmenter, Arthur, 1952-1977
Folder 02: Peterson, Charles, 1971-1974, undated
Folder 03: Peterson, Hardin, 1971-1975
Folder 04: Peterson, Harold, 1972-1980
Folder 05: Peterson, Luther T., 1980
Folder 06: Phelps, Dawson A., 1973-1981
Folder 07: Pitkin, Tommy, 1971-1975
Folder 08: Porter, Charles, 1971-1977
Folder 09: Pruitt, Irmine, 1972-1980
Folder 10: Rabeinstein, Bill, 1973-1981
Folder 11: Ramsdell, Lee, 1971-1973
Folder 12: Ratcliff, Harold, 1980
Folder 13: Reed, Erik, 1962
Folder 14: Reeves, Ross, 1975
Folder 15: Reshoft, John A., 1972-1980
Folder 16: Ringenbach, Ray, 1973-1980

BOX 12
Folder 01: Roberts, Bertrum, 1975-1987
Folder 02: Robinette, Turner L., 1980
Folder 03: Robinson, Donald, 1973-1981
Folder 04: Rogers, Roger, 1986
Folder 05: Root, Irving, 1972-1981
Folder 06: Rose, Robert, 1975-1976
Folder 07: Rothrock, Howard and Betty, 1971-1980
Folder 08: Ruhle, George, 1971
Folder 09: Ruffin, Tom, 1971-1977
Folder 10: Rutter, John A., 1972
Folder 11: Saari, Viljo, 1971-1978
Folder 12: Sagan, Marc, 1971
Folder 13: Sager, Merel, 1972-1978
Folder 14: Salomon, Julian, 1971-1983
Folder 15: Schellbach, Louis, 1964-1975
Folder 16: Schesventer, George, 1985-1990
Folder 17: Schmidt, Henry, 1971-1976
Folder 18: Schnettler, William, 1973-1980
Folder 19: Schroeder, Albert, 1980
Folder 20: Seasholtz, Lloyd, 1973-1982
Folder 21: Sheffield, Walter, 1978
Folder 22: Shevlin, Charles, 1980
Folder 23: Shore, Frank P., 1971-1980
Folder 24: Simmons, Ken, 1976-1979

BOX 13
Folder 01: Skinner, Curtis, 1972-1978
Folder 02: Small, Edwin, 1971-1977
Folder 03: Smart, Samuel, 1978
Folder 04: Smith, Franklin, 1980
Folder 05: Smith, Harold G., 1970-1978
Folder 06: Smith, Theodore T., 1978
Folder 07: Soule, Parke W., 1973-1984
Folder 08: Spalding, Branch, 1973-1978
Folder 09: Speiser, Jean, 1971-1976
Folder 10: Stagner, Howard, 1962-1980
Folder 11: Stark, Anthony (Tony), 1972-1980
Folder 12: Steen, Charles R., 1980-1983
Folder 13: Stein, Minnie, 1971-1984
Folder 14: Stitt, Merle, 1973-1980
Folder 15: Stricklin, Howard, 1972-1982

BOX 14
Folder 01: Stupka, Art, 1971
Folder 02: Stutts, Clarence (Stuttsy), 1978-1979
Folder 03: Sullivan, Jim, 1980
Folder 04: Sumner, Lowell, 1973-1980
Folder 05: Sutton, Myron, 1971-1972
Folder 06: Sweeny, Ross, 1971-1980
Folder 07: Swem, Theodor, 1980
Folder 08: Sydansk, Raymond, 1971-1979
Folder 09: Tarbell, Ardra, 1971-1984
Folder 10: Taylor, Floyd, 1975-1976
Folder 11: Taylor, Ruby, 1980
Folder 12: Thede, Maurice, 1973-1982
Folder 13: Thomas, Kathryn, 1983
Folder 14: Thompson, Theodore, 1980
Folder 15: Townsley, J., 1980
Folder 16: Tripp, Steven, 1972-1977
Folder 17: Utley, Robert, 1973-1999
Folder 18: Vinten, Charles Ray, 1971-1976
Folder 19: Volz, Leonard, 1977-1978

BOX 15
Folder 01: Walker, Carl, 1980
Folder 02: Weber, Walter, 1971-1977
Folder 03: Weems, Sam, 1971-1975
Folder 04: Weig, Melvin, 1971-1977
Folder 05: Whanger, Ernest, 1971-1977
Folder 06: Whisonant, Wylie, 1977-1978
Folder 07: White, Golda, 1978
Folder 08: Wilshin, Francis, 1971-1979
Folder 09: Wing, Kittridge, 1980
Folder 10: Wirth, Kennedy, Reixach, Huppuch, 1970-1980 [1 of 2]
Folder 11: Wirth, Kennedy, Reixach, Huppuch, 1970-1980 [2 of 2]
Folder 12: Woolard, Walter, 1971-1978, undated
Folder 13: Wotton, Ann Roth, 1971-1980
Folder 14: Young, Dana, 1971-1981
Folder 15: Young, Rogers, 1970-1980

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Subseries II.D: Correspondence, 1961-1978

Volume of subseries: 0.8 LF
Arranged alphabetically by topic.

Scope and Content Note

Correspondence and initial query letters regarding interviews and other project administration documentation. Correspondence between Evison and David Wallace and Richard Russell primarily concerns HFC and its role in the project, as well as copies of the form letters sent to narrators during different stages in the transcription process. Also includes correspondence between NPS and University of California, Berkeley, and Dr. Charles B. Hosmer regarding exchange and sharing of transcripts.

Container List

BOX 01
Folder 01: Carhart, Arthur (Denver Public Library), 1963-1970
Folder 02: Fry, Amelia (Berkeley University), 1964-1977
Folder 03: General Administrative, 1962-1978 [1 of 2]
Folder 04: General Administrative, 1962-1978 [2 of 2]
Folder 05: Hartzog, George, 1964-1971
Folder 06: Hosmer, Charles, 1970-1974
Folder 07: Kahler, Herbert, 1964-1972
Folder 08: Potential Interviewees, A, 1969-1977
Folder 09: Potential Interviewees, B, 1971-1978
Folder 10: Potential Interviewees, C, 1971-1978
Folder 11: Potential Interviewees, D, 1971-1978
Folder 12: Potential Interviewees, E, 1961-1974
Folder 13: Potential Interviewees, F, 1971-1977
Folder 14: Potential Interviewees, G, 1963-1978
Folder 15: Potential Interviewees, H, 1962-1978
Folder 16: Potential Interviewees, I, 1972-1973
Folder 17: Potential Interviewees, J, 1970-1978

BOX 02
Folder 01: Potential Interviewees, K, 1970-1978
Folder 02: Potential Interviewees, L, 1970-1978
Folder 03: Potential Interviewees, M, 1970-1978
Folder 04: Potential Interviewees, N, 1971-1972
Folder 05: Potential Interviewees, O, 1971-1978
Folder 06: Potential Interviewees, P-Q, 1970-1978
Folder 07: Potential Interviewees, R, 1971-1978
Folder 08: Potential Interviewees, S, 1961-1978
Folder 09: Potential Interviewees, T, 1964-1977
Folder 10: Potential Interviewees, U, 1973
Folder 11: Potential Interviewees, V, 1971-1978
Folder 12: Potential Interviewees, W, 1962-1978
Folder 13: Potential Interviewees, X-Z, 1970-1977
Folder 14: Russell, Richard, 1972-1978
Folder 15: Wallace, David, 1970-1977 [1 of 2]
Folder 16: Wallace, David, 1970-1977 [2 of 2]

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Subseries II.E: Subject Files, 1965-1978

Volume of subseries: 0.4 LF
Arranged alphabetically by topic.

Scope and Content Note

Research compiled and used by Evison to prepare for interviews, as well as material created by Evison following interviews. Includes a historical account of the NPS oral history project, written by Evison in 1973, which discusses interviews he felt were particularly important as well as individuals that turned him down for interviews. Subject indexes of oral history transcripts, lists of potential interviewees, narrator biographical information, invoices, and Evison’s travel documents detailing his trips are also present.

Container List

BOX 01
Folder 01: Evison’s “NPS Oral History” Historical Account, 1973
Folder 02: General Ephemera, 1940-1972
Folder 03: Indexes of Oral History Transcripts, 1965, undated [1 of 2]
Folder 04: Indexes of Oral History Transcripts, 1965, undated [2 of 2]
Folder 05: Interviewee Biographical Information, undated
Folder 06: Lists of Potential Interviewee Names, 1969-1979
Folder 07: National Park Service Employee Forms, 1970-1978
Folder 08: Sample Oral History Forms and Formats, 1971
Folder 09: Transcription Invoices, 1975-1976

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Subseries II.F: William T. Ingersoll Interviews, 1973-1974

Volume of subseries: 2.0 LF
Arranged into three sub-subseries:
Sub-subseries 1: Oral History Recordings
Sub-subseries 2: Interview Transcripts
Sub-subseries 3: Correspondence

Administrative History Note

After Herbert Evison became ill at Yellowstone National Park in 1972, he determined that he could no longer continue the oral history program without assistance. In 1973, HFC contracted with William T. Ingersoll to conduct further interviews with individuals in the West, reducing Evison's travel burden. Ingersoll coordinated with Evison and HFC regarding whom to interview and suggesting alternatives when Evison's first choices were not available.

Scope and Content Note

Oral history recordings on reel-to-reel tapes, final transcripts (where available), correspondence, and draft transcripts with narrator corrections from Ingersoll's oral history interviews with former NPS employees living in the West. In addition to individual careers, narrators discuss key figures such as former NPS directors Conrad L. Wirth and George B. Hartzog, and Lady Bird Johnson. Other topics incude the CCC; NPS during World War II; the Leopold Report; fire managment; Mission 66; deauthorization of Fossil Cycad National Monument; NPS Advisory Board; and law enforcement training. Efforts were made to have draft transcripts reviewed by narrators before finalizing; marked up draft transcripts may be present where final transcripts were never completed.

Subseries II.F.1: Oral History Recordings, 1973-1974

Volume of subseries: 1.0 LF
Arranged numerically by Evison's tape number.

Scope and Content Note

Oral history recordings on reel-to-reel tapes of former NPS employees living in the West. For narrator names and description of interview contents, see Subseries II.F.2: Interview Transcripts below.

Subseries II.F.2: Interview Transcripts, 1973-1974

Volume of subseries: 0.6 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Scope and Content Note

Available transcripts of Ingersoll's oral history interviews with former NPS employees living in the West. In addition to individual careers, narrators discuss key figures such as former NPS directors Conrad L. Wirth and George B. Hartzog, and Lady Bird Johnson. Other topics incude the CCC; NPS during World War II; the Leopold Report; fire managment; Mission 66; deauthorization of Fossil Cycad National Monument; NPS Advisory Board; and law enforcement training.

Interview Transcripts

These transcript summaries provide general overviews of the topics discussed but are not all inclusive.

01: Baker, Howard W., May 29, 1973
WASO (assistant director for operations, associate director); Directors George Hartzog and Conrad Wirth; Leopold Report; Chief Scientist Starker Leopold; fire management; predator control.

02: Benson, Forrest M., May 10, 1973
Rocky Mountain (laborer, seasonal); Scotts Bluff (ranger); Lake Texoma; Saguaro (district ranger); Hot Springs (chief ranger); Wapatki-Sunset Crater (superintendent); Chiricahua (superintendent); White Sands (superintendent); WASO (park planner); Haleakala (superintendent); San Francisco Office (chief of the division of state and private assistance).

03: Bryant, Wayne W., April 20, 1973
Zion (seasonal ranger); Zion-Bryce Canyon (ranger naturalist); Yosemite (seasonal ranger); Black Hills Parks (system park naturalist); Grand Teton (acting chief park naturalist); Rocky Mountain (chief park naturalist); Sequoia and King's Canyon; WASO (chief of branch of visitor's services); Western Regional Office (regional chief of interpretation, director); environmental education; Mission 66; Fossil Cycad National Monument; Harpers Ferry Center; NPS Advisory Board report on interpretation.

04. Chapman, Howard H., April 19, 1973
Yellowstone (seasonal ranger); Saratoga (ranger); Shenandoah (park naturalist); Philadelphia Office's Great Lakes Survey (recreation planner); Yellowstone (LE ranger); Grand Canyon (Albright Training Center); Blue Ridge Parkway Parkway (chief ranger); Coulee Dam; Grand Teton (superintendent); WASO (Secretary Hickel's eleven-point plan); Western Regional Office (regional director); civil service pay; law enforcement training and FBI Academy.

05: Cook, John E., April 24, 1973
Transcript not yet prepared.

06: Diederich, Leo J., January 19, 1973
Civilian Conservation Corps (landscape architect foreman); WASO Branch of Plans and Designs; Chicago Branch of Recreation Planning; San Francisco (recreation resource planning); NPS during WWII; relationship between NPS and state parks; Mission 66.

07: Herkenham, Norman B., December 11, 1973
Shasta Lake National Recreation Area (ranger); Yosemite (ranger); Yellowstone (associate park naturalist); Rocky Mountain (chief naturalist); WASO (staff of chief naturalist); Southwest Regional Office (regional chief of division of NPS system studies); San Francisco Service Center (park planning); Western Regional Office (interpretation).

08: Kilgore, Bruce M., May 01, 1973
Yosemite (seasonal, blister-rust control program); Yellowstone (seasonal ranger); National Parks Association (assistant to the executive secretary and editor of National Parks Magazine); Sierra Club (managing editor); Sequoia and Kings Canyon (research biologist); Wilderness Act and NPS; public relations aspects of conservation; Starker Leopold; prescribed fire.

09: Leding, Robert S. (Steve), December 14, 1973
Transcript not yet prepared.

10: McDowell, Lyle H., May 02, 1973
Transcript not yet prepared.

11: Mitchell, Leone J. (L.J.), February 04, 1973
Civilian Conservation Corps (Zion museum aid); Zion (seasonal ranger); Bryce Canyon (seasonal naturalist); Timpanogos Cave (seasonal); Lake Mead (buck ranger, district ranger, assist. chief ranger); Sitka and Glacier Bay (superintendent); Whiskeytown (superintendent); concerns about NPS expansion.

12: Muehlenhaupt, Gustav W., November 23, 1973
Isle Royale (fiscal accounting clerk); Ranger II boat; Colonial (administrative officer); Jamestown Glass House; Richmond Regional Office (assistant program officer, regional chief of concessions management, safety officer); Mammoth Cave (assistant superintendent); Glenn Canyon & Rainbow Bridge (superintendent); interactions with the Native American tribes; Western Regional Office (assistant to the regional director for cooperative activities and public affairs); Lady Bird Johnson and dedication of Glen Canyon Dam; Redwoods dedication of Lady Bird Johnson Grove by President Nixon.

13: Quist, Lawrence W., June 27, 1973
Black Canyon of the Gunnison (truck driver, seasonal ranger); Colorado NM (seasonal ranger); Carlsbad Caverns (tour leader); Hot Springs (ranger, park naturalist); Zion (assistant chief naturalist); Stone's River (superintendent); Herbert Hoover (superintendent); Yosemite (management assistant); Western Regional Office (media relations specialist).

14. Sylvester, Frank E., January 23, 1973
Grand Canyon (fire control aid, seasonal ranger, district ranger); Lassen Volcanic (chief ranger); Yellowstone (assistant chief ranger); Badlands (superintendent); WASO (special assistant to Director Wirth); Lassen Volcanic (superintendent); Bureau of Outdoor Recreation (regional director); Yellowstone elk reduction program; relationships with Native American tribes; Mission 66; Departmental Training Program; concerns over NPS expansion.

15: Wallis, Orthello L. (Wally), December 17, 1973
Transcript not yet prepared.

Series II.F.3: Correspondence, 1973-1974

Volume of subseries: 0.4 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Scope and Content Note

Correspondence associated primarily with review of transcripts by interviewees. Includes draft transcripts with edits by narrators.

Container List

BOX 01
Folder 01: Baker, Howard W., May 29, 1973
Folder 02: Benson, Forrest M., May 10, 1973
Folder 03: Bryant, Wayne W., April 20, 1973
Folder 04: Chapman, Howard H., April 19, 1973
Folder 05: Cook, John E., April 24, 1973
Folder 06: Diederich, Leo J., January 19, 1973
Folder 07: Herkenham, Norman B., December 11, 1973
Folder 08: Kilgore, Bruce M., May 01, 1973
Folder 09: Leding, Robert S. (Steve), December 14, 1973
Folder 10: McDowell, Lyle H., May 02, 1973
Folder 11: Mitchell, Leone J. (L.J.), February 04, 1973
Folder 12: Muehlenhaupt, Gustav W., November 23, 1973
Folder 13: Quist, Lawrence W., June 27, 1973
Folder 14: Sylvester, Frank E., January 23, 1973
Folder 15: Wallis, Orthello L. (Wally), December 17, 1973

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Series III: Dorothy B. Huyck's Women in the NPS Oral History Project, 1942-1987 (bulk dates: 1976-1979)

Volume of Series: 7.0 LF
Arranged into three subseries by format:
Subseries A: Oral History Recordings
Subseries B: Interview Transcripts
Subseries C: Project Records and Research Notes

Dorothy Huyck, from a tribute in the September 1979 issue of “Courier: The National Park Service Newsletter.” (NPS History Collection photo)

Biographical Note

Dorothy Boyle Huyck was born October 19, 1924, in Madison, WI. She graduated from Carleton College in Minnesota with a BA in International Relations and began working for the State Department in Washington, DC in 1946, serving for five years as a liaison officer to agricultural agencies. From 1962 to 1967 Huyck worked as a camping consultant for the NPS and contributed to many campground directories. She was also a camping consultant for the American Automobile Association (AAA) and wrote the annual introduction in the AAA Camping Guide.

Huyck worked as a freelance writer focusing on travel and conservation. Her articles were published in the New York Times, Smithsonian Magazine, the Washington Post, and other prestigious publications. She often organized family vacations around conducting interviews with important employees at national parks all over the country, turning her experiences into articles for publication. Huyck’s work was supported by her husband of 32 years, Earl, who assisted by taking photographs, editing materials, and taking on additional family responsibilities while Huyck worked on her research.

In 1976 the NPS approached Huyck regarding research into the experiences of female employees. Within a year, she began the proposed research at her own expense, with the goal of writing a book on the history of women in the NPS. Huyck sought further support for her project and the NPS approved the proposal and awarded her a contract in 1978. The project proposed to address the history of women in the NPS, both as employees and as family members of employees, and to take a closer look at contemporary issues faced by NPS women while identifying potential solutions.

Over the course of the project, Huyck traveled thousands of miles to record interviews with over 100 women and some men. She also conducted in-person and telephone interviews with over 70 individuals; although she kept notes of those telephone interviews, they were not captured on tape. She interviewed a wide range of "rank and file" women as well as notable figures in NPS history, such former director Horace M. Albright, former chief of Information S. Herbert Evison, and Dr. Mary M. Meagher.

Huyck asked a standard set of questions to most of the women she interviewed. Broader discussions did occur but there are missed opportunities in many of the interviews because of the standardized approach. Standard questions focused on personal background (where and when born, education, marriage, children) and family history (parents' education and jobs, number of siblings). Huyck had a theory about birth order and frequently asked about that. She also asked if women played with boys growing up, if they were considered tomboys, and if they were expected to be "more of a lady" when they reached high school. She also asked about issues such as training opportunities, mentors, opinions of the NPS as a male-dominated agency, and opportunities for women over the next five years, among others. Recurring themes include issues of mobility and dual careers affecting women's careers. Many of the original recordings have poor audio quality.

She corresponded with a wide range of NPS women, compiling her research, and organizing extensive notes as she planned the organization of the book. The research also outlined general women’s issues, including background characteristics of the professional women of her time, specific cases of women in professional positions in the NPS, problems and solutions, and future opportunities. Huyck also actively participated in numerous conferences, including the Women’s History Conference at the National Archives in 1976, and she was a member of the Outdoor Writers Association of America, the National Trust for Historic Preservation, and the Oral History Association.

Huyck was unable to complete the project as she died on August 24, 1979. Four days before her death, NPS Director Bill Whalen appointed her an Honorary Park Ranger, promising that her work would be continued. The first National Park Service Women’s Conference, held in 1979, was dedicated to Huyck’s memory. Her daughter Heather, already an employee of the NPS and working on her own dissertation, was determined to find someone to complete her mother's research. Polly Welts Kaufman was selected as a good fit. She relied extensively upon Huyck's records during the research for her 2006 book National Parks and the Woman’s Voice: A History.

Sources:

Hunt, Naomi L. (1979). Honorary Park Ranger Named by Director Whalen. National Park Courier, September 1979.

Obituary. (1979). Dorothy Boyle Huyck, 54, Freelance Travel Writer. The Washington Post, August 27, 1979.

Scope and Content Note

Oral history interviews on audiocassettes, as well as hand-written notes, telephone interview summaries, and interview questionnaires. Transcripts, correspondence, news clippings, press releases, radio scripts, and background research materials are also included. Project management records include contracting information and materials on potential interviewees. A small number of photographs is also included.

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Subseries III.A: Oral History Recordings, 1978-1979

Volume of subseries: 1.2 LF
Arranged numerically by HFC tape log number.

Scope and Content Note

Audiocassette tapes Dorothy B. Huyck recorded during in-person interviews with women (and a few men) working for the NPS during 1978 and1979. For narrator names and description of interview contents, see Subseries III.B: Interview Transcripts below.

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Subseries III.B: Interview Transcripts, 1978-1979

Volume of series: 2.6 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Scope and Content Note

Transcripts of oral history interviews regarding women in the NPS. Includes interviews with former NPS directors Horace M. Albright and Newton B. Drury, park superintendents, and others discussing some of the earliest female employees in the NPS. Interviews feature women who worked in a variety of positions, including clerk-typists, archeologists, biologists, curators, maintenance workers, and park rangers, among others. Issues of equality and women in the workplace are frequently discussed. The NPS Upward Mobility Program and the Federal Woman's Program are also mentioned by some narrators.

Interview Transcripts

These transcript summaries provide general overviews of the topics discussed but are not all inclusive.

001: Abrego, Margaret Chambers, September 20, 1978
Personal and educational background; Southwest Regional Office (accounting technician); work of an accounting technician; WWII service with the SPARS (women's US Coast Guard) and veteran's preference; chauvinistic supervisors.

002: Albright, Horace M., September 13, 1978

Early women in the NPS; Isabel B. Wasson; Isabelle F. Story; Wilhemina Harris; Marguerite "Peg" Arnold; Pauline Mead; Jean Pinkley; Herma Albertson Baggley; Mary Rolfe; Margaret Thone; Enid Michael; Ruth Ashton Nelson; Frieda B. Nelson; Ruby Anderson; American Planning and Civic Association; nurse guides at Carlsbad Caverns; nursing in the NPS.

003: Ames, David, October 04, 1978
Petrified Forest (superintendent); Albright Training Center (instructor); first women attending Horace M. Albright Training Center (HOAL); discussions of role of women by staff at HOAL; dual career difficulties; Barbara Lund; Glennie Murray Wall; Paige Lawrence Cruise; Cynthia Kryston; Wilhelmina Harris; Ginny Russo; Laura Lee Martin; Sue-Jane Kerbin; Sharon McAllister; Joan Murphy, Mary Dodd; Mary Jane Inman; Diana Smith; Lois Koretz; Louise Felton; Kathleen Kirby; Linda Stanton; Sherry Stair; Barbara Taylor; Jean Larson; Mary Goosey; Mary Anne Stein; Carrie Paige Jones; Marion Riggs Durham; Sally (Sue?) Ann Zart; Joanna Long; Mary Rinehart; Diane Morris; Karen Lundquist; Kathy Dilonardo; Diana Skyles; Julia Holmaas; Lucia Guminski; Susan Kopczynski; Loretta Schmidt; Thea Whitaker; Kathleen Catalano; Linda Finn; Shirley Keethley (?); Charlene Carpenter; Madeline Billy; Linda Greun; Helen Lindsley; Carmen Bush; Elizabeth Knight; Doris Omundson; Carol Scanlon; Ernie Escalate; Ellen Lang; Rose Fujimori; Janet Chess Wolf; Deborah Jensen; Susan Helper; Melina Basye; Lee Struble (?); Caroline Higgins; Nazmia Darwish; Phyllis Shaw; Carla Martin; Esther Humes (?); Mary Bradley; Jean Pinkley; Mike Hackett; Dennis Burnett; Howard Chapman; and Gwyneth Shoot.

004: Anderson, Adrienne, June 23, 1978
Personal and educational background; Midwest Archeological Center (started NPS career in 1972 as a staff archeologist); Heritage Conservation and Recreation Services (HCRS); Rocky Mountain Region (head of Rocky Mountain Research Management Division); board of directors for Plains Anthropological Association; editor of Cairn Research; Glen Canyon; Canyonlands; Natural Bridges; Arches; Capitol Reef; Golden Spike National Historical Site; Deadfall; Ph.D. in Anthropology/Archeology.

005: Bale, Nancy H., June 26, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

006: Bartlett, Margaret, c. 1978-1979
Transcript not yet prepared.

007: Berquist, Jan, July 05, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

008: Bierhaus, Sherma E., July 19, 1978
Personal and educational background; born and raised in the Grand Canyon; Grand Canyon during WWII; began working for NPS in 1960 (clerk, personnel); Glen Canyon; Midwest Regional Office; Federal Women's Program coordinator; Rocky Mountain Region; National Forest Service.

009: Bisson, Eleanor M., c. 1978-1979
Transcript not yet prepared.

010: Boos, C. Maynard, June 28, 1978
Interview about his wife, Dr. Margaret Fuller Boos. Transcript not yet prepared.

011:Bowman, Ann M., September 06, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

012: Bragen, Lucia Guminski, December 18, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

013: Brewer, Sallie P. (AKA Sallie Pierce, Sallie Harris, and Sallie VanValkenburgh), October 11, 1978
Personal and educational background; University of Arizona (archeology); Montezuma Castle under Civil Works Administration (CWA); Southwestern National Monuments (honorary custodian without pay); Navajo National Monument (honorary custodian without pay); Wupatki (honorary custodian without pay); Casa Grande (ranger); Bandelier (seasonal ranger/archeologist); Grand Canyon (seasonal ranger); Casa Grande (seasonal ranger); Walnut Canyon (seasonal ranger); Montezuma Castle (archeologist); Southwest Archeological Center (museum curator, archeology); Canyon de Chelly (oral histories); Tumacácori (acting superintendent); 1958 employee handbook; archeological publications; Nancy Pinkley; Jessica Sherwood; Jean Pinkley; Mrs. Dave Rogers; Corky Jones; Edna Reichard; Judy England.

014: Bullard, Jean, June 23, 1978
Personal and educational background; Writer-associate editor of National Park Newsletter and National Park Courier; Peace Corps (national parks of Columbia); taught training courses on publication (Harpers Ferry Center and Grand Canyon); regional coordinator for Volunteers in Parks Program; her book Look Again at the World Around You; Jean Henderer.

015: Bustos, Eloisa V., September 27, 1978
Personal and educational background; Southwest Regional Office (realty technician); duties of a realty technician; MIS system; land acquisition projects at Hot Springs, Big Thicket, Chicasaw, Fort Smith, and Bandelier.

016: Campbell, Bonnie, July 06, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

017: Carrell, Toni L., September 27, 1978
Personal and educational background; Southwest Regional Office (archeologist); underwater archeologist for state of Florida (Warm Mineral Springs); Sandra Rayl (worked together on National Reservoir Inundation Study); joint work with San Francisco office of US Corps of Engineers; Glen Canyon; Rae Mismeyer.

018: Carroll, Eunice B., September 29, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

019: Chapman, Louise, July 28, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

020: Childress, Shirley A., October 18, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

021: Clemmensen, Cheryl L., October 03, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

022: Cochrane, Kathryn Simons, December 28, 1978
Transcript prepared but not yet described.

023: Coiner, Elizabeth H., December 18, 1978
Personal and educational background; began career in NPS Office of Information in 1957 (pictoral research clerk); general family and education background; using the photo archives; Ralph Anderson; Frank Fragale; S. Herbert Evison; Jack Boucher; Charles Boatner; Carlos Whiting; first retirement in 1973; second retirment in 1975; Adele "Nikki" Wilson; experiences with harrassment and discrimination.

024: Cook, John E., September 25, 1978
Southwest Regional Office (regional director); women in the NPS; Jean Pinkley; Sally Pierce Brewer Harris; Wanda Fones; Eunice Carroll; Helen Scott; Alvina Zimmerman; Lorraine Mintzmeyer; Elizabeth Lujan; Jane Ring; Marjorie "Mike" Hackett; Mary Meagher; Jean Henderer; NPS Upward Mobility Program.

025: Cox, Norma, September 06, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

026: Craig, Vera, April 04, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

027: Crawford, Twila, September 21, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

028: Cross, Joanne, September 31, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

029: Crosse, Juin A., October 01, 1978
Personal and educational background; Hubbell Trading Post (superintendent); Fire Island National Seashore (clerk-typist, 1966-1969); Southwest Regional Office, (administrative clerk, 1969-1970); Southern Arizona Group, (procurement specialist, 1970-1974); John Cook; departmental manager training program (1974-1975); Redwoods National Park (administrative officer, 1975-1978); remarks made about women in management; responsibilities as superintendent; Hubbell's development concept planning and interpretation; Lorraine Mintzmyer; Carl Walker; ability of women to move up in administration; issues of mobility; generalist opportunities vs. specialist limitations in administration positions.

030: Curriden, Nancy T., October 12, 1978
Personal and educational background; museum aid; Bureau of Ethnic Research (research assistant); Southern Arizona parks (cultural resource management plans); Homestead (archeological excavation); Lake Mead (archeological survey); Arizona State Museum (supervisory archeologist).

031: D'Amico, Elaine M., November 08, 1978
Transcript not yet described.

032: Daugherty, Gene, October 09, 1978
Albright Training Center (superintedentent); women in the NPS.

033: Davis, Lillie, September 28, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

034: Davis, Vera M., July 25, 1978
Personal and educational background; Southwest Regional Office (realty specialist); worked for Civil Service, International Civil Service, United Nations, Bureau of Land Management; Division of Land Acquisition at Western Service Center; Public Law 91-646 (Uniform Relocation Assistaince and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970).

035: Dekker, Emily, July 11, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

036: Dionne, Helen, July 21, 1978
Personal and educational background; Civil Service Commission; Curecanti Group Office (clerk-stenographer for interpretation and resource management); Grand Teton (personnel management specialist).

037: Drury, Newton, September 08, 1978
Women in the NPS; Gertrude Cooper; Wilhemina Harris; Isabelle F. Story; Jane Dahlman Ickes; Florence Bankhead; NPS during WWII (Yellowstone, Yosemite, Jackson Hole).

038: Elarton, Verladyne M., July 03, 1978
Personal and educational background; Denver Service Center (employee development specialist); solar energy training; Nan Rickey; informal book club with NPS professional women; discussion about male and female roles in workplace and home.

039: Farrelly, Geraldine, September 19, 1978
Personal and educational background; Southwest Regional Office (employee relations specialist); shift of payroll and related accounting work from parks to the regional office and computerization in 1965; Alice Quiggley; role of an employee relations specialist; personnel management evaluations; passed over for a job because she was a woman.

040: Fields, Priscilla M., September 25, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

041: Finn, Linda, April 14, 1978
Personal and educational background; Cumberland Island (park interpreter); Redwood (naturalist); Albright Training Center; Native American interpreters; interpretation.

042: Gallegos, Melinda, September 19, 1978
Personal and educational background; Southwest Regional Office (clerk-typist, voucher examiner, accounting technician; ADP supervisor); supervisory training; World War II employment; Department of Defense (clerk- typist); Department of the Navy (clerk-typist); Department of the Army (clerk-typist); experience with female supervisors; Jean Pinkley.

043: Gamby, Janice Lee, September 05, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

044: Gaven, Kathleen, June 30, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

045: Giles, Tom, September 27, 1978
Superintendent at Pecos National Monument (1966-1978), interviewed about Jean McWhirt Pinkley's career and character and her excavations at Pecos, 1966-1969. Also mentions work of Al Lancaster, Gary Matlock, Jessie Nusbaum, Al Hayes, Frank Wilson, and Larry Nordby at Pecos; Southwestern Archeological Center.

046: Gonzales, Mary G., September 22, 1978
Personal and educational background; Southwest Regional Office (payroll supervisor); second generation NPS employee; issues of mobility for women; "dead end" nature of payroll clerk series; positions created for men; nepotism; Lorraine Mintzmyer; macho attitudes.

047: Good, Patricia, April 11, 1978
Personal and educational background; Southeast Region (paralegal specialist); worked for Miami Department of Justice during Everglades land acquisition; NPS Upward Mobility Program.

048: Green, H. Maxine, August 30, 1978
Personal and educational background; Yosemite (waste water treatment plant operator); only certified female operator in the NPS; also managed only certified water laboratory.

049: Greene, Mary C., June 27, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

050: Gryszkiewicz, Alice, October 12, 1978
Personal and educational background; Western Archeology Center (administrative officer); Morristown (clerk, 1967-1973); Boston Group (administrative assistant); upward mobility training program; North Atlantic Regional Office; Minuteman National Historical Park; supply specialist at Gateway National Recreation Area (1974-1976); condition of Gateway facilities when NPS took it over; opening of Gateway NRA to the public; US Park Police; Floyd Bennett Field; Jamaica Bay unit; Sandy Hook; working with men vs. women; age and sex in hiring or advancement.

051: Hack, Audrey M., September 07, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

052: Hackett, Marjorie, October 10, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

053: Hall, Virginia, April 10, 1978
Personal and educational background; supervisory contract specialist and chief of the General Services Branch (Southeast Regional Office); areas supervised in her position; sacrifices women need to make to advance in their careers; frustrations of being a woman manager; issue of mobility for women's career advancement.

054: Harvey, Jane N., September 25, 1978
Personal and educational background; Western Museum Laboratory (started NPS career as a secretary); Western Regional Office (staff archeologist); first writer/editor for Western Regional Office (later promoted to supervisory writer/editor); resigned and worked freelance, including contracts with NPS (Harpers Ferry Center) in interpretive writing and wayside exhibit planning; Millie Fleming; Priscilla Fields.

055: Hepler, Susan J., July 12, 1978
Personal and educational background; Colorado National Monument (chief of interpretation); Shenandoah (interpreter); Albright Training Center; intake ranger; Rock Creek Park; National Capital Parks East; Janet Wolf; Catoctin; C&O Canal; Ozarks; brother worked at Shenandoah; Lorraine Mintzmyer; Sherma Bierhaus; Bruce McHenry; sexual harassment by men in NPS; duties as chief of interpretation.

056: Hinchliffe, Louise, October 06,1978
Personal and educational background; Grand Canyon (library technician); was one of only three women at Grand Canyon when hired in 1951 (all clerical); various jobs at Grand Canyon including clerk typist, administratie aide, interpretive office assistant, curator, museum technician; history and management of park library; Grand Canyon Natural History Association; Louis Shellbach.

057: Hinrichsen, Leigh, October 04, 1978
Personal and educational background; Petrified Forest (park technician); information desk for the Naturalist Division at Yosemite, 1971-1972; living in a tent in Yosemite; bears wiping out her tent; clerk-typist at Yosemite; Steve Hart; Dick Riggle; law enforcement duties at Petrified Forest; theft of petrified wood; discrimination; Ginny Rousseau; Joanne Cross; Marjorie "Mike" Hackett.

058: Horton, Joy T., October 20, 1978
Personal and educational background; Big Bend (budget and finance assistant); Dinosaur (secretary), 1961-1967 and 1969-1975; Earl M. Semingson; upward mobility program; Big Bend (secretary).

059: Howey, Linda S., September 01, 1978
Personal and educational background; Yosemite (administrative assistant); working for Fred Harvey Company as a switchboard operator and personnel clerk at Sequioa National Park, 1970; working for Yosemite Park and Curry Company (1972-1973); her sister as the first female bartender in Yosemite; Peace Corps service in Thailand (1973-1975); issue of grade level and qualifications for Yosemite positions; work as the Federal Women's Program coordinator; issues of training for women; women in law enforcement at Yosemite; dual career issues; regional office policy against hiring family members and the history of nepotism at Yosemite; housing issues at Yosemite; closure of Yosemite's Ranger Club; women in maintenance; issues of women and marriage in the NPS; women rangers.

060: Hunt, Naomi L., November 17, 1978
Personal and educational background; Washington Office (supervisory writer-editor); first color publication in NPS; National Capital Parks; Eastern Museum Laboratory; Lady Bird Johnson; National Parks & Recreation Association; Denver Service Center; Alaska Task Force; Carol Smith; “Parks, Plants, and People”; sign manual; David Wright; Tom Wilson; Jean Bullard; Gary Everhardt; Kelly Cochran; Elizabeth Albro; NPS newsletters; NPS Courier; difficult men supervisors.

061: Jaramillo, Mabel Frances Garcia, September 22, 1978
Personal and educational background; Southwest Region Office (procurement assistant).

062: Johnson, Carol Lucille, November 15, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

063: Johnson, Olive M., October 18, 1978
Personal and educational background; Carlsbad Caverns (tour leader, guide, first-aid attendant, park technician, supervisory park technician, chief of visitor services); nurse guides; Colonel Thomas Boles; Rock of Ages; career opportunities for women; Viola Shannon; Edna Pendleton; Roberta Biddington; Doreen Gale (Doreen Tender); Norma Husselman; Jean Bollaval (Jean Palmer); Doris Omundson; park visitation during World War II; women’s opportunities for employment during World War II; women’s uniforms; distinction between male rangers and female guides.

064: Khalatbari, Mary Ann, November 21, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

065: King, Phyllis L., October 06, 1978
Personal and educational background; Grand Canyone (personnel officer); Alaska Support Office; Big Cypress National Preserve Land Acquisition Office; issue of mobility for women employees; opinions on dual careers; women having to prove themselves; tokenism.

066: Kingman, Elizabeth, September 29, 1978
Personal and educational background; Mesa Verde (museum assistant); NPS uniform; Virginia Sutton; leading tours.

067: Knight, Valerie L., April 10, 1978
Personal and educational background; budget analyst (Southwest Regional Office); limitations of advancement due to lack of mobility; Director William Whalen's support for women; changing attitudes about women by younger men; attitudes of two different regional directors towards women; Bill Edmundson as a supportive supervisor.

068: La Covey, Imogene, November 08, 1978
Personal and educational background; Washington Office (assistant director for Concessions); early career as a secretary in the 1930s; returning to the NPS in the 1950s; general history of concession operations; policies and legislation related to concessions; possessory interest; franchise fees; Yellowstone Park Company; Yosemite Park and Curry Company; discrimination; Conference for National Park Concessions; George Hartzog; Ronald Walker; Julius Krug; Oscar Chapman; Mo Udall; Jack Brooks; Andy Wolf; Isabelle F. Story; Mary McCulligan (1930s attorney in the Lands Office); Mary Ryan. [Note: this interview does not dwell much on La Covey's role as the first woman assistant director but instead covers concessions more generally and Huyck's standard interview questions].

069: Lange, Ellen, September 25, 1978
Personal and educational background; Southwest Regional Office (staffing assistant); NPS Upward Mobility Program; contributed to Administrative Handbook; Barbara Hickman; veteran's preference hiring impacts.

070: Larison, Ruth, June 22, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

071: Lawrence, Essie, November 11, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

072: Littlejohn, Margaret, October 21, 1978
Personal and educational background; Big Bend (park ranger); Lava Beds (seasonal clerk-typist); Chaco Canyon (park aid and park technician); Carlsbad Caverns (ranger intake trainee); intake trainee program; interpretive writing; photography; rock climbing rescues; law enforcement and firefighting training; discouraged from getting her law enforcement commission; visitor reactions to women park rangers; being called a "rangerette" by the public; personal and public reactions to different uniforms worn as a woman; living in isolated parks like Big Bend and Chaco Canyon.

073: Lopez, Erlinda R., September 21, 1978
Personal and educational background; Southwest Regional Office (contract specialist); duties of a contract specialist; secretary and other positions held in Southwest Regional Office.

074: Lujan, Elizabeth A. G., September 22, 1978
Personal and educational background; Southwest Regional Office (concessions analyst); started NPS career as student employed secretary-stenographer; Upward Mobility Program position in concessions; training sessions on concession evaluation program; advanced EEO counselor; chairwoman of EEO committee; impact of Hispanic culture on women in professional positions.

075: Marquez, Delia O., September 28, 1978
Personal and educational background; Southwest Regional Office (clerk-typist, cost accounting clerk, voucher examiner, programs and budget assistant); training opportunities.

076: Martin, Carol A., October 13, 1978
Personal and educational background; Western Archeological Center (chief); grew up in Joshua Tree during WWII (parents were friends of superintendent); husband was park ranger at Glen Canyon who was killed in accident; started NPS career at Custer Battlefield (now Little Bighorn) as administrative officer; first female superintendent in NPS not appointed to the position (at Tuzigoot); Violet Shannon.

077: McBeen, Nancy L., July 26, 1978
Personal and educational background; personnel officer (Yellowstone); hiring issues for women; Mary Meagher; Margaret Short.

078: McDowell, Mary J., July 24, 1978
Personal and educational background; Yellowstone (park ranger, law enforcement); began NPS career as a ranger at Mesa Verde (describes challenging experience); fire chief; search and rescue; incident of bear mauling; back country hunting patrol; women in isolated conditions; Joyce Kelso; mentored by Wanda Hudson and Margaret Short; difference in training at Albright Training Center for women (grooming habits lectures); NPS wives.

079: Meagher, Margaret Mary, July 26, 1978
Personal and educational background;Yellowstone (research biologist); PhD in Zoology; early women of Yellowstone; Peg Arnold; Herma Baggley; Janie McDonald; Julie Woodward; bison; bear management; ecological history.

080: Meekins, Louise N., November 10, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

081: Mercado, Patricia A., October 12, 1978
Personal and educational background; Western Archeological Center (archeologist); Lake Mead.

082: Metzger, Carol M., October 18, 1978
Personal and educational background; Carlsbad Caverns (park technician); working at Independence during the bicentennial; bicentennial bomb threats; responsibilities of a GS-6 park technician; sexual harassment at Carlsbad Caverns.

083: Miller, Dorothea L., November 15, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

084: Mills, Rebecca A., September 06, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

085: Mintzmyer, Lorraine, September 19, 1978
Personal and educational background; Southwest Regional Office (deputy regional director); Midwest Regional Office (secretary for recreation planning for the bureau of reclamation, secretary for new area studies branch, secretary for the regional director’s office; acting program director; program officer); Fred Fagergren; Herbert Hoover (superintendent); department of management training program; Buffalo National River (superintendent); encouraging supervisors; career opportunities for women.

086: Muller, Anna N., July 04, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

087: Neal, Darwina L., November 07, 1978
Personal and educational background; women in the NPS; Kathy Simmons; Laura Wilson; National Capital Region (landscape architect); beautification programs; bicentennial planning; Kennedy Center; Lyndon B. Johnson Memorial Grove.

088: Nelson, Ruth Ashton, June 28, 1978
Personal and educational background; Rocky Mountain (information clerk, temporary naturalist); Yellowstone (naturalist training school); Plants of Rocky Mountain National Park; Plants of Zion National Park; University of Wyoming (botany); Mount McKinley (Denali); Dr. Margaret Fuller Boos; Enos Mills; changes to Rocky Mountain National Park; Herma Baggley; Enid Michael; prejudice against women naturalists.

089: Ortiz, Sharon, October 07, 1978
Transcript not yet described.

090: Patraw, Pauline M., September 29, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

091: Payne, Cherry, July 21, 1978
Personal and educational background; experiences at National Mall, C&O Canal, and Grand Teton National Park; living history at Grand Teton; intake trainee program training; experiences as a woman in the NPS.

092: Pinner, Clementine, December 28, 1978
Transcript not yet described.

093: Plume, Emma, June 26, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

094: Powell, Jackie, July 05, 1978
Personal and educational background; Denver Service Center (clerk-typist; archeologist); Wil Logan; development and work of archeology program at Denver Service Center; thesis work at Harpers Ferry.

095: Puckett, Ora J., October 03, 1978
Personal and educational background; Canyon de Chelly (administrative technician); Navajo tribal relations.

096: Ramarino, Jayne M., September 07, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

097: Rayl, Sandra L., September 28, 1978
Personal and educational background; Southwest Regional Office (archeologist); Cochiti Dam salvage project; management of archeology sites; reservoir salvage archeology; male-oriented parks; Amistad National Recreation Area.

098: Rickey, V. Nan, July 05, 1978
Personal and educational background; Denver Service Center (historian); Fort Laramie; furnishings curator; historic restoration specialist; regional curator; Office of Archeology in Washington, DC; Harpers Ferry Center (interpretive planner); Denver Service Center (senior interpretive planner); quality control; female employees as ornaments.

099: Ristau, Toni K., July 06, 1978
Personal and educational background; Denver Service Center (environmental engineer); Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) work; Joel Cussman; Dick Whitpen; Larry May; improvements for women employees at Denver Service Center; mining studies for Public Law 94-429; mining at Glacier Bay and Death Valley; the work of an environmental engineer; veteran’s preference; tokenism.

100: Ronscavage, Judith F., July 07, 1978
Personal and educational background; Denver Service Center (interior designer); San Francisco Office (engineering draftsman and interior designer); project at Saratoga visitor center, museum and Jockey Hill visitor center at Morristown, dorms at Yellowstone, Mt. Rainier administrative building, and Fort Mason offices; design of Denver Service Center; being assertive; husband was NPS landscape architect; intermittent appointment and working at home.

101: Rozelle, Judith, August 30, 1978
Personal and educational background; Yosemite (financial program specialist); grandfather Walter Ruesch, first acting superintendent of Zion; uncle Vern Ruesch worked at Grand Canyon, Mt. McKinley, and Sitka; Peace Corps service in Thailand; hired by Zion as seasonal naturalist as they were specifically looking to hire a woman who had housing; Zion (clerk-typist and program clerk); Coronado National Memorial (administrative clerk); Rocky Mountain (program clerk); upward mobility program; Whitten Amendment restriction; work of a financial program specialist; Mary Silvernail; dual career and mobility issues; Sue Edelstein; experiences with visitors and wildlife; Pete Scott.

102: Russo, Linda J., July 03, 1978
Personal and educational background; Denver Service Center (writer-editor, secretary); dead-end nature of secretary position; NPS Upward Mobility Program; work of different grade levels of an editor-writer; Denver Service Center reorganization.

103: Salazar, Virginia M., October 07, 1978
Personal and educational background (Santa Clara Pueblo); Albright Training Center (ranger trainee in interpretation and archeology); Southwestern Parks and Monuments Association; Bandelier; fire-fighting training.

104: Scott, Jane E., September 27, 1978
Personal and educational background; Texas A&M Research Foundation (principal investigator); Denver Service Center (cultural resource specialist); Mesa Verde (seasonal interpreter); Southwest Cultural Resources Center (park technician); Glennie Wall; Janie (Mary Jane) McDowell; impact of veteran's preference; EEO.

105: Sheeley, Jean R., November 07, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

106: Shewell, Anne, July 03, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

107: Short, Margaret, July 25, 1978
Personal and educational background; Yellowstone (supervisory park ranger at Old Faithful); Albright Training Center; Spanish speaking; urban training in New York City; Mesa Verde (archeologist); Colorado National Monument (chief naturalist); NPS women's uniforms; access to training.

108: Silvernail, Mary, June 28, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

109: Skiles, Diana, September 04, 1978
Personal and educational background; Point Reyes (assistant chief of interpretation); intake training program; Albright Training Center class; Lucia Guminski; Julia Holmaas; Colonial National Historical Park; Jim Hasket; Morristown; interpretation at the Ford House; Delaware Water Gap; Point Reyes interpretation and historic structures; Coast Miwok Indian village interpretation; changing attitudes towards women.

110: Smith, Patricia K., January 08, 1979
Personal and educational background. Washington Office; High school work-study with NPS as a typist; secretary in design and construction office; Clark Stratton's secretary; Eastern Service Center (administrative officer for office of resource planning); Denver Service Center (assistant and secretary in the legislative office); legislative coordinator; writer/editor; cooperative activities specialist; dual careers and 5.5 month struggle to get a job when her husband transferred; discrimination; support from David Wright, John Henneberger and Mr. Tobin; involvement in July 1976 and 1977 Federal Women's Conferences; white women not supporting each other but support from Black women. [Note: the recording starts mid-conversation, so it is never quite clear what her job was at the time of the interview].

111: Smith, Vernon C., July 03, 1978
Denver Service Center (acting chief, Branch of Historic Preservation Midwest- Rocky Mountain Team); hiring of female employees; NPS women; Rosie Greer; Rebecca Rogers; Penny (Penelope) Batcheler; importance of mobility; federally-employed women.

112: Smithson, Marie V., November 08, 1978
Personal and educational background; George Washington Memorial Parkway (safety officer); father worked for NPS until he died in 1948; Washington Office (secretary); Herb Kahler; Ronald F. Lee; former NPS director Arthur Demaray; statistical assistant; role of a safety officer; safety at Glen Echo; Arlington House; Catoctin.

113: Spice, Martha, October 11, 1978
Personal and educational background; Greenbelt Park (seasonal position then manager); National Capital Parks Central (coordinator for urban programs); Summer in the Parks; George Washington Memorial Parkway (chief of interpretation, recreation, and resource management); Turkey Run Farm; Glen Echo Park; issues for women in the NPS.

114: Spicka, Colleen, December 21, 1978
Personal and educational background; National Capital Region (park ranger), intake program; Great Falls (information receptionist); lack of encouragement for women rangers; training courses; opportunities for women; career development and counseling for women.

115: Sprague, Karen, July 06, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

116: Standlee, Mildred L., October 20, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

117: Stanek, Pat, April 11, 1978
Personal and educational background; Cowpens (supervisory park ranger, acting site manager); environmental education specialist; training instructor; incidents with male supervisor; community resistance; Janet Wolf.

118: Stewart, Philip O., May 18, 1979
Transcript not yet prepared.

119: Stewart, Yvonne G., October 13, 1978
Personal and educational background; Western Archeology Center (archeologist); fieldwork at Petrified Forest, Organ Pipe Cactus, and Coronado; poor NPS planning; seeking equivalent salary as men; discrimination or subtle prejudice related to being a woman or unwillingness to change; Civil Service Commission rules.

120: Stokes, Mary Beth, September 20, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

121: Stone, Nancy E., September 15, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

122: Strong, Evelyn, September 06, 1978
Personal and educational background; Golden Gate (supervisory park technician at Alcatraz); Point Reyes (clerk-typist, law enforcement technician); American Revolutionaries and murder of Ken Patrick; law enforcement duties; perception of NPS women in the field; Patty Hall, Cindy, Becky Ray; acquisition of Alcatraz.

123: Sumner, Marietta McDaniel, October 16, 1978
Personal and educational background; visit to Yellowstone in 1916 as a child; working for Pryor Stores in 1932; Yellowstone facilities and services; John Doerr; Howard Stagner; clerical work in NPS natural history section in Washington, DC; Daniel Beard; trying to get a job as a park naturalist; National Capital Parks; Lowell Sumner; Freeman Tilden.

124: Townsley, John A., July 27, 1978
Early women in NPS; Enid Michael; Maggie Howard (Ta-bu-ce); Betty Russell; Herma Baggley; Cozy Mills Hutchings; Midge Raymond Wise; Elizabeth Godfrey; Mary Jane McDowell; Margaret Short; women at Yosemite Field School.

125: Traylor, Diane, September 21, 1978
Personal and educational background; Southwest Region (archeologist); Southwest Cultural Research Center; Mesa Verde (seasonal ranger); Grand Canyon (seasonal naturalist); Bandelier fire study; EEO program.

126: Tso, Ann M., October 03, 1978
Personal and educational background; Hubbell Trading Post (museum aide); bilingual in Navajo; Navajo traditions and preservation.

127: Twyman, Margaret, September 22, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

128: Vaughn, Norma, April 10, 1978
Personal and educational background; Southeast Regional Office (supervisory staffing specialist; staffing assistant; personnel management assistant); job of a supervisory staffing specialist; centralizing hiring for intake program and seasonals in Washington; John Thompson (assistant personnel officer); male attitudes towards hiring women; traveling with a family; too much emphasis on hiring special groups; veteran’s preference.

129: Waddell, Judith A., October 09, 1978
Personal and educational background; Yosemite (park technician, clerk-typist); National Capital Region (first female employee in field maintenance department); EMT training; whitewater experience; law enforcement credentials; appointment to river safety team on C&O Canal and Great Falls; spousal employment; eastern parks versus western parks; women in park law enforcement; social acceptance.

130: Walter, Chrysandra, September 07, 1978
Personal and educational background; Golden Gate (San Francisco Unit Manager); Point Reyes (intern, temporary interpretation); Pacific Northwest Region (park technician in environmental education); ranger intake program; New York City Group (ranger intake placement, establishment of the Theodore Roosevelt Environmental Education Center, interpretive specialist); George Washington Memorial Parkway (chief of interpretation, recreation and resource management); development of Turkey Run Farm and Glen Echo; management of urban recreation areas; career opportunities for women; suitability of women for certain jobs; dual careers; EEO program; future career aspirations.

131: Wandrus, Marilyn, November 17, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

132: Ward, Nancy, July 24, 1978
Personal and educational background; Denver Service Center (civil engineer) stationed at Yellowstone; upgrading Yellowstone’s water systems; summer job with US Army Corps of Engineers.

133: Watkins, Anna, June 30, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

134: Watson, Margaret, July 13, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

135: Watson, W. Verde, July 13-14, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

136: Wauer, Betty J., September 26, 1978
Personal and educational background; Bandelier (administrative officer, administrative technician); Big Bend (clerk-typist); Bill Jensen; Lyndon B. Johnson (administrative clerk); Fort Davis (administrative clerk); Ed Bearss; duties of an administrative officer; 1977 fire at Bandelier and its aftermath, including a flood; death of an employee on the fire line due to heart attack; Carl Walker; spouse is an NPS employee; dual careers; veterans’ preference affecting women getting park technician jobs.

137: West, Carolyn Sue, October 19, 1978
Personal and educational background; Carlsbad Caverns (concession employee as a student; information receptionist; budget analyst); development of Guadalupe Mountains; mobility issues; Superintendent Thomas Boles; spouse is NPS electrician; dual careers; benefits of NPS career as a single parent.

138: Whitney, Karen L., June 27, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

139: Willard, Bettie, July 04,1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

140: Willis, Clare, c. 1978-1979
Personal and educational background; Southeast Regional Office (accounting clerk; accounting assistant; program analyst; budget analyst); BJ Hall; construction funding process; women and job mobility.

141: Wilson, Laura, September 20,1978
Personal and educational background; Southwest Regional Office (landscape architect); Western Office of Design and Construction (WODC); personal and educational background; landscape architecture of visitor centers (Cabrillo, Yellowstone, Redwood, Lehman Caves); emphasis on men completing field work; training; tokenism.

142: Wilson, Margaret A., September 05,1978
Personal and educational background; Western Regional Office (chief of branch of employee relations); administrative field acceptable for female employees; Federal Women's Program coordinator; sexual harassment.

143: Wilson, Merrill, July 06,1978
Personal and educational background; Denver Service Center (historical architect); bicentennial projects; rehabilitation of Salem Maritime wharfs and warehouses; Sagamore Hill HVAC system; Charleston Navy Yard engineering studies; powerhouse at Ellis Island; Shelly King; Alleghany Portage house; Vernon Smith; male oriented nature of Denver Service Center and NPS; flexibility for married women.

144: Wolf, Janet C., April 13,1978
Personal and educational background; Fort Frederica (superintendent); Acadia (concession staff); Oregon Caves (seasonal concession staff); Saratoga (ranger historian); training at Grand Canyon; Roosevelt-Vanderbilt (assistant to chief of resource management); Fort McHenry (management assistant); focus on female employee appearance; female employees proving themselves.

145: Young, Claire, January 08,1979
Transcript not yet prepared.

Navigate back to collection overview

Subseries III.C: Project Records and Research Notes, 1942-1987 (bulk dates: 1977-1979)

Subseries volume: 3.2 LF
Organized into two sub-subseries:
Sub-subseries 1: Research and Interview Notes
Sub-subseries 2: Subject Files

Scope and Content Note

Records documenting the search for appropriate interviewees, material to shape interview questions, and background information on the history of women’s employment by the NPS, as well as contemporary women’s issues. Includes lists of potential interviewees, research on interviewees, interview summaries, questionnaires, correspondence, radio scripts, photographs, newspaper clippings, press releases, and publications. Also included are additional research relating to individuals mentioned in interviews and general research regarding women in the National Park Service. Materials post-dating Huyck’s death primarily concerns efforts by her daughter, Heather Huyck, to continue her mother’s research and to find a suitable author to complete the project.

Sub-subseries 1: Research and Interview Notes, 1969-1978

Sub-subseries volume: 2.0 LF
Arranged alphabetically by last name.

Scope and Content Note

Notes, correspondence, photographs, summaries of telephone interviews, interview questionnaires and other research notes associated with individual interviews. Also included are research and correspondence relating to individuals not interviewed.
Research and interview notes includes notes, correspondence, photographs, summaries of telephone interviews, interview questionnaires and other research notes associated with individual interviews. Also included are research and correspondence relating to individuals not interviewed.

Container List

BOX 01
Folder 01: Albright, Horace, 1978-1980
Folder 02: Anderson, Adrienne, 1978
Folder 03: Arnold, Marguerite Lindsley, 1977-1978
Folder 04: Bacheler, Penelope Hartshorne, 1977-1993
Folder 05: Baggley, Herma, 1977
Folder 06: Bale, Nancy H., 1978
Folder 07: Bankhead, Florence, 1978
Folder 08: Belinkey, Gale Koschman, 1977
Folder 09: Berquist, Jan, 1978
Folder 10: Bierhaus, Sherma E., 1974-1978
Folder 11: Bingaman, Martha S., 1977
Folder 12: Bishop, Ellen B., n.d.
Folder 13: Bisson, Eleanor M., 1978
Folder 14: Boos, C. Maynard, 1977-1978
Folder 15: Bowman, Ann M., 1977-1978
Folder 16: Bragen, Lucia Guminski, 1978
Folder 17: Brandon, Belva, 1977
Folder 18: Bryson, Sandy, 1978
Folder 19: Budlong, Bob, 1971
Folder 20: Bustos, Eloisa V., 1978
Folder 21: Calhoun, Eleanor, 1977
Folder 22: Campbell, Bonnie, 1977-1978
Folder 23: Carrell, Toni L., 1978
Folder 24: Carroll, Eunice B., 1978
Folder 25: Cerveny, Minnie V., 1977
Folder 26: Chambers, Margaret Abrego, 1976-1978
Folder 27: Childress, Shirley A., 1975-1978
Folder 28: Clemmensen, Cheryl L., 1978
Folder 29: Coiner, Elizabeth H., 1977-1978
Folder 30: Cook, John E., 1978
Folder 31: Cooper, Gertrude S., 1977-1978
Folder 32: Cox, Harriet F., 1978
Folder 33: Cox, Norma, 1977-1978
Folder 34: Crawford, Twila, 1975-1978
Folder 35: Crosse, Juin A., 1978
Folder 36: Curriden, Nancy T., 1976-1978

BOX 02
Folder 01: D'Amico, Elaine M., 1978
Folder 02: Danner, Eliza, n.d.
Folder 03: Davis, Lillie, 1978
Folder 04: Davis, Vera M., 1978
Folder 05: Dean, Frances S., n.d.
Folder 06: Dekker, Emily, 1958-1978
Folder 07: Dickey, Beth L., 1979
Folder 08: Dionne, Helen, 1978
Folder 09: Doust, Mariana, 1978
Folder 10: Drury, Newton, 1978
Folder 11: Elarton, Verladyne M., 1978
Folder 12: Ericson, Mildred J., 1977-1978
Folder 13: Evenden, Phyllis Wells, 1977
Folder 14: Faron, Sara W.,1977
Folder 15: Farrelly, Geraldine, 1975-1978
Folder 16: Fields, Priscilla M., 1975-1979
Folder 17: Gallegos, Melinda, 1976-1978
Folder 18: Gamby, Janice Lee, 1977
Folder 19: Gonzales, Mary G., 1978
Folder 20: Good, Patricia, 1978
Folder 21: Green, Maxine H., 1978
Folder 22: Greene, Mary C., 1978
Folder 23: Griffin, Jane, n.d.
Folder 24: Gryszkiewicz, Alice, 1978
Folder 25: Hack, Audrey M., 1978
Folder 26: Hackett, Majorie "Mike", 1974-1978
Folder 27: Hall, Virginia, 1977-1978
Folder 28: Harrington, Virginia S., 1977
Folder 29: Harris, Wilhelmina, 1977-1979
Folder 30: Harvey, Jane N., 1978
Folder 31: Henderer, Jean, 1977
Folder 32: Henzi, Jane A., 1976-1978
Folder 33: Hepler, Susan J., 1977-1978
Folder 34: Hibbard, Mabel E., 1977
Folder 35: Hinrichsen, Leigh, 1978
Folder 36: Hodges, Claire M., 1952-1978
Folder 37: Horton, Joy T., 1978
Folder 38: Howey, Linda S., 1978
Folder 39: Hulett, Libby, 1977
Folder 40: Hunt, Naomi L., 1978
Folder 41: Ickes, Jane Dahlman, 1977 Folder 42: Jackson, Betty (& Earl), 1978
Folder 43: Jaramillo, Mabel Frances Garcia, 1978
Folder 44: Johnson, Olive M., 1974-1977

BOX 03
Folder 01: Keller, Shelly & Sheeley, Jeanne, 1977
Folder 02: Khalatbari, Mary Ann, 1978
Folder 03: Kimmett, Mary, 1976-1980
Folder 04: King, Phyllis L., 1978
Folder 05: Kingman, Elizabeth, 1978-1979
Folder 06: Knight, Valerie L., 1977-1978
Folder 07: Koubele, Bessie R., 1978
Folder 08: Kryston, Cynthia E., 1978
Folder 09: LaCovey, Imogene, 1977-1978
Folder 10: Lange, Ellen, 1977-1978
Folder 11: Larison, Ruth, 1978
Folder 12: Little-John, Margaret, 1978
Folder 13: Lopez, Erlinda R.. 1978
Folder 14: Lovegren, Bob, 1971-1978
Folder 15: Lujan, Elizabeth A. G., 1978
Folder 16: MacLachlan, Helen, 1977
Folder 17: Marquez, Delia O., 1978
Folder 18: Martin, Carol A., 1974-1978
Folder 19: Maruca, Mary, 1978
Folder 20: McBeen, Nancy L., 1978
Folder 21: McDowell, Mary J., 1978
Folder 22: McGee, Mary, 1978
Folder 23: McLane, Helen M., 1979
Folder 24: McSwain, Betty, 1977-1978
Folder 25: Meinzer, Ethel L., 1973-1978
Folder 26: Mercado, Patricia A.. 1978
Folder 27: Metzger, Carol M., 1977-1979
Folder 28: Michael, Enid, 1977-1979
Folder 29: Miller, Dorothea L., 1977-1978
Folder 30: Mills, Rebecca A., 1978
Folder 31: Molineux, Vanessa, 1978
Folder 32: Muller, Anna N., 1976-1978

BOX 04
Folder 01: Nelson, Frieda B., 1978
Folder 02: Nelson, Ruth Ashton, 1977-1984
Folder 03: Nugent, Frances, 1977-1978
Folder 04: Ortiz, Sharon, 1978
Folder 05: Partridge, Margaret, 1978
Folder 06: Patraw, Pauline M., 1977-1989
Folder 07: Payne, Cherry, 1977-1978
Folder 08: Pinkley Jean, 1969-1978
Folder 09: Pinner, Clementine, 1978
Folder 10: Plume, Emma, 1978
Folder 11: Powell, Jackie, 1976-1978
Folder 12: Puckett, Ora J., 1978
Folder 13: Ramarino, Jayne M., 1978
Folder 14: Rayl, Sandra L., 1977
Folder 15: Rhule, Dr. George, 1977
Folder 16: Rickey V. Nan, 1977-1978
Folder 17: Ristau, Toni K., 1978
Folder 18: Roberts, Una Lee, n.d.
Folder 19: Rogers, Gay, 1979
Folder 20: Rolfe, Mary A., 1978
Folder 21: Ronscavage, Judith F., 1978
Folder 22: Rozelle, Judith, 1978
Folder 23: Russo, Linda J., 1977-1978
Folder 24: Ryan, Mary, n.d.
Folder 25: Salazar, Virginia M., 1978
Folder 26: Scanlon, Carol T., 1971-1978
Folder 27: Scott, Jane E., 1977-1978
Folder 28: Sheeley, Jean R., 1976-1978
Folder 29: Shewell, Anne, 1978
Folder 30: Short, Margaret, 1978
Folder 31: Silvernail, Mary, 1978
Folder 32: Skiles, Diana, 1978

BOX 05
Folder 01: Smith, Carol J., 1970-1978
Folder 02: Smith, Joanna Long, 1977
Folder 03: Smith, Patricia K., 1978
Folder 04: Smith, Vernon C., 1978
Folder 05: Smithson, Marie V., 1978
Folder 06: Spice, Martha, 1978-1979
Folder 07: Spicka, Colleen, 1977-1978
Folder 08: Sprague, Karen, 1978
Folder 09: St. Jacques, Claire, 1973-1978
Folder 10: Standlee, Mildred L., 1978
Folder 11: Stanek, Pat, 1977-1978
Folder 12: Stewart, Philip O., 1977
Folder 13: Stewart, Yvonne G., 1978
Folder 14: Stokes, Mary Beth, 1978
Folder 15: Stone, Janet, 1978
Folder 16: Stone, Nancy E., 1978
Folder 17: Story, Isabelle, 1977-1994
Folder 18: Story, Laurabel E., 1969-1979
Folder 19: Strong, Evelyn, 1978
Folder 20: Sullivan, Hilda D., 1977
Folder 21: Sumner, Marietta McDaniel, 1970-1978
Folder 22: Taliaferro, Anne B. Goff, 1977
Folder 23: Taylor, Rose (Mrs. H.J.), 1951-1977
Folder 24: Tharp, Elva “Sunshine”, 1978
Folder 25: Thomas, Kathryn, 1977
Folder 26: Thone, Margaret, 1978
Folder 27: Townsley, John A., 1978
Folder 28: Traylor, Diane, 1978-1983
Folder 29: Tso, Ann M., 1978
Folder 30: Twyman, Margaret, 1978
Folder 31: Vaughn, Norma, 1975-1978
Folder 32: Waddell, Judith A., 1978-1982
Folder 33: Wandrus, Marilyn, 1978
Folder 34: Ward, Nancy, 1978
Folder 35: Warner, Jean, 1978
Folder 36: Watkins, Anna Whitfield, 1978
Folder 37: Watson, Margaret, 1961-1978
Folder 38: Wauer, Betty J., 1978
Folder 39: West, Carolyn Sue, 1978
Folder 40: Whalen, Mary, 1979
Folder 41: Whitaker, Fahy C., 1977
Folder 42: Whitney, Karen L., 1978
Folder 43: Willis, Clare, 1978
Folder 44: Wilson, Helene, 1978
Folder 45: Wilson, Laura, 1978
Folder 46: Wilson, Margaret A., 1978
Folder 47: Wilson, Merrill, 1978
Folder 48: Wirth, Conrad “Connie”, 1977
Folder 49: Wisdom, Irene, 1977
Folder 50: Wobbenhorst, Janice Ann, 1978
Folder 51: Woodring, Julia, 1978
Folder 52: Wright, Frances Pound, 1978-1981
Folder 53: Young, Claire, 1978

Sub-subseries 2: Subject Files , 1942-1987

Sub-subseries volume: 1.2 LF
Arranged alphabetically by subject.

Scope and Content Note

Research, notes, correspondence, interview summaries, and photographs. Administrative documents, including contracts and project proposals, and itineraries of interview schedules, as well as general research and notes for interviews. Articles and publications regarding oral history practices and training, the history of NPS interpretation, personnel lists, copies of transcripts from earlier interviews by S. Herbert Evison with women of interest, and other background research regarding women’s issues and specific elements of NPS history are also included. General correspondence relating to the project is interspersed with personal correspondence and a tribute to Dorothy Huyck in "The Courier".

Container List

BOX 01
Folder 01: Administration: Contracts, 1978
Folder 02: Administration: Project Proposal (1 of 2), 1977-1979
Folder 03: Administration: Project Proposal (2 of 2), 1977-1981
Folder 04: Articles: Brockman, Frank C. on NPS Interpretation, 1976-1978
Folder 05: Conferences: National Archives Conference on Woman’s History, 1976
Folder 06: Conferences: National Park Service Woman’s Conference, 1979
Folder 07: Correspondence: General, 1978-1979
Folder 08: Correspondence: Huyck, Heather, 1979-1981
Folder 09: Employees: Carlsbad Caverns Female Employees, 1977-1978
Folder 10: Employees: Lists, 1977
Folder 11: Employees: National Personal Records Center, 1977-1979
Folder 12: Employees: Permanent Personnel Lists, 1975-1978

BOX 02
Folder 01: Interviews: General Research, 1977-1979
Folder 02: Interviews: Itineraries, 1978
Folder 03: Interviews: Photographs and Notes, 1977-1979
Folder 04: NPS Press Releases, 1942-1978
Folder 05: NPS Radio Programs, 1977
Folder 06: NPS Wives, 1977
Folder 07: Opposition to Women Nature Guides, 1977
Folder 08: Oral History: Collecting, Using & Preserving Oral History in the NPS, 1984

BOX 03
Folder 01: Oral History: General, 1971-1978
Folder 02: Park Police, 1978-1987
Folder 03: Transcripts: Copies of Evison Interviews, c. 1978
Folder 04: Women in NPS: General Research, 1951-1983
Folder 05: Women’s Issues Research, 1973-1979
Folder 06: World War II, 1977-1978
Folder 07: Yellowstone and Yosemite, 1977-1978

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Series IV: NPS Park History Program Oral History Projects, 1954-2022 (bulk dates: 1989-2021)

Volume of series: 7.0 LF
Organized into 12 subseries:
Subseries A: Interviews with NPS Directors, 1959-2005
Subseries B: General Interviews by NPS Historians, 1989-2004
Subseries C: September 11, 2001 Oral History Project, 2001-2004
Subseries D: Dr. Lu Ann Jones' NPS Oral History Project, 1954-2017 (bulk dates: 2012-2017)
Subseries E: Interviews with NPS Archeology Staff, 2013-2016
Subseries F: Interviews with Harpers Ferry Center Staff, 2003, 2015-2021
Subseries G: Legacy of Learning Oral History Project, 2012
Subseries H: Association of National Park Rangers (ANPR) Oral History Project, 2012-2016
Subseries I: NPS Operational Leadership Program Interviews [Reserved], 2018
Subseries J: Telling Our Untold Stories: Civil Rights in the NPS Project, 2018-2022
Subseries K: Women’s Voices: An Oral History of Women in the National Park Service, 2018, 2020-2021
Subseries L: National Heritage Areas Administrative History Project, 2014-2020

Scope and Content Note

Oral history recordings and interview transcripts conducted by historians from the NPS Park History Program, in the Washington Office. Interviews primarily conducted by bureau historians Barry Mackintosh and Dr. Janet McDonnell and staff historians Richard Sellars, and Dr. Lu Ann Jones. Interviews with NPS directors conducted by Cornelius Heine, special assistant to Director George B. Hartzog, are also included. Research notes and correspondence for interviews conducted by Jones are present. Report written by McDonnell using the September 11, 2001 interviews is also included.

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Subseries IV.A: Interviews with NPS Directors, 1959-2005

Volume of subseries: 0.8 LF
Organized into two sub-subseries:
Sub-subseries 1: Oral History Recordings
Sub-subseries 2: Interview Transcripts

Scope and Content Note

Interviews conducted primarily by bureau historians Barry Mackintosh and Dr. Janet McDonnell with former NPS directors. Although not NPS Park History Program staff, interviews conducted by Erskine and Cornelius Heine with directors Horace M. Albright and Newton B. Drury, respectively, are also included. Interviews include discussions of the NPS during World War II; the NPS mission; relations with the Department of the Interior and the US Congress; and reorganizations of the NPS. Organizations discussed include the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), NPS Advisory Board, American Planning and Civic Association, and Save-the-Redwoods League. Laws such as the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and the Land and Water Conservation Fund Act are discussed in some interviews.

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Subseries IV.A.1: Oral History Recordings, 1968-2005

Volume of sub-subseries: 0.4 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator surname.

Scope and Content Note

Audiocassette and reel to reel recordings of the oral histories of NPS directors interviewed by Erskine, Cornelius Heine, Dr. Janet McDonnell, and Barry McIntosh. Directors interviewed include Horace M. Albright, Newton B. Drury, George B. Hartzog, Jr., Roger Kennedy, William Penn Mott, James M. Ridenour, Robert G. Stanton, and Ronald Walker. For description of interview contents, IV.A.2: Interview Transcripts below.

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Subseries IV.A.2: Interview Transcripts, 1959-2005

Volume of sub-subseries: 0.4 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Scope and Content Note

Transcripts of interviews with NPS directors. Interviews with earlier directors often occurred 20 or more years after they left the NPS but more recent directors were often interviewed within five years of leaving office. Key topics discussed include NPS policies and administration; NPS mission and growth; NPS relationships with the US Department of the Interior, Congress, and the White House; American Planning and Civic Association; legislation such as the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) and the Land and Water Conservation Fund Act; women and minorities in the NPS; NPS reorganizations; and the NPS Advisory Board.

Interview Transcripts

These transcript summaries provide general overviews of the topics discussed but are not all inclusive.

01: Albright, Horace M., January 28, 1959
Recording made at request of superintendent of Bryce Canyon to be used at a meeting of officers and employees in Utah. Founding of Zion; Department of the Interior (assistant to the secretary); American Planning and Civic Association; founding of the Bureau of National Parks; Secretary Lane; Stephen T. Mather. Interviewed by Erskine (first name unknown).

02. Drury, Newton B., February 29, 1968
NPS during World War II; state vs. federal conservation; Save-the-Redwoods League; metropolitan park areas; NPS archives program (now called the NPS History Collection). Interviewed by Cornelius Heine.

03: Hartzog, George B., October 5, 2005
Jefferson National Expansion; policies and administration; historic preservation; NPS Advisory Board; National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). Interviewed by Dr. Janet McDonnell.

04: Hartzog, George B. and Everhart, William, September 21, 2005, November 3, 2005
Washington Office in Chicago during World War II; Director Newton B. Drury; Redwood trees; Rocky Mountain (assistant superintendent); Jefferson National Expansion; women and minorities in the NPS. Interviewed by Dr. Janet McDonnell.

05: Kennedy, Roger, April 8, 2002, August 13, 2002, June 3, 2003
NPS relationship with Department of Interior; relationship with Congress; reorganization; professionalizing the NPS; history and cultural resources; science and natural resources; NPS mission and growth. Interviewed by Dr. Janet McDonnell.

06: Mott, William Penn, March 30, 1990
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC); San Francisco Regional Office (landscape architect); Newton B. Drury; California State Parks; George B. Hartzog; Land and Water Conservation Fund bill; NPS public service award. Interviewed by Barry Mackintosh.

07: Ridenour, James, January 22, 1993
Interviewed by Barry Mackintosh. Transcript not yet prepared.

08: Stanton, Robert, April 2, 2004, June 4, 2004, July 20, 2004
Grand Teton; Washington Office; Virgin Islands; National Capital Region; reorganization; NPS Advisory Board; education and interpretation; international park movement; relationship with Congress; Discovery 2000 Conference. Interviewed by Dr. Janet McDonnell.

09: Walker, Ronald, June 15, 1999, June 22, 1999
White House administration; his unenthusiastic reception by NPS; President Richard Nixon. Interviewed by Barry Mackintosh.

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Subseries IV.B: General Interviews by NPS Historians, 1989-2004

Volume of subseries: 0.8 LF
Organized into two sub-subseries:
Sub-subseries 1: Oral History Recordings
Sub-subseries 2: Interview Transcripts

Scope and Content Note

Oral history interviews and transcripts of various NPS employees conducted by historians in the NPS Washington Office but which are not part of larger projects. Interviews were conducted with Lawrence Atten, Robert Barbee, Ed Bearss, John Cook, and staff in the Washington Office. Interviewers include Barry McIntosh, Bruce Noble, Richard Sellars, and Dr. Janet McDonnell.

Subseries IV.B.1: Oral History Recordings, 1989-2004

Volume of sub-subseries: 0.4 LF
Arranged alphabetically by last name and thereunder chronologically.

Scope and Content Note

Audiocassette tapes containing interviews of various NPS staff. Notable interviewees include Ed Bearss who was interviewed by both Barry Mackintosh and Dr. Janet McDonnell. Other interviewees included Lawrence Atten, Robert Barbee, John Cook, John Henneberer, Richard Marks, and Richard Smith. For description of interview contents, see Subseries IV.B.2: Interview Transcripts below.

Subseries IV.B.2: Interview Transcripts, 1989-2004

Volume of sub-subseries: 0.4 LF
Arranged alphabetically by last name and thereunder chronologically.

Scope and Content Note

Interview transcripts of NPS staff interviewed by NPS Park History Program historians. Transcripts have not yet been prepared for most interviews. Interviews with Ed Bearss discuss cultural resource management, American Battlefield Protection Program and his career.

Interview Transcripts

These transcript summaries provide general overviews of the topics discussed but are not all inclusive.

01. Atten, Lawrence, May 2, 1994
NPS Washington Office (executive order consultant; deputy chief of interagency archeological services, chief of planning, chief of interagency resources division). Interviewed by Barry Mackintosh and Bruce Noble.

02: Barbee, Robert, July 24, 1989
Interviewed by Richard Sellars. Transcript not yet prepared.

03: Bearss, Ed, September 29, 1992
Vicksburg (historian); Richmond (regional historian); cultural resource management; NPS Washington Office (research historian, chief historian); American Battlefield Protection Program. Interviewed by Barry Mackintosh.

04: Bearss, Ed, March 18, 2002
Interviewed by Dr. Janet McDonnell. Transcript not yet prepared.

05: Cook, John, January 1, 2000
Interviewed by Richard Sellars. Transcript not yet prepared.

06: Henneberger, John, June 17, 1989
Interviewed by Richard Sellars. Transcript not yet prepared.

07: Marks, Richard, November 14, 1989
Interviewed by Richard Sellars. Transcript not yet prepared.

08: Smith, Richard, November 20, 1989
Interviewed by Richard Sellars. Transcript not yet prepared.

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Subseries IV.C: September 11, 2001, Oral History Project, 2001-2004

Volume of subseries: 1.6 LF
Organized into two sub-subseries:
Sub-subseries 1: Janet McDonnell's 9/11 Interviews
Sub-subseries 2: Mark Schoepfle's 9/11 Interviews

Administrative History Note

Following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in New York, Washington, DC, and Pennsylvania, NPS historians and ethnographers began an oral history project to record the memories and perspectives of staff who had experienced the events and their aftermaths. The interviews sought to document the NPS response to the attacks at the park, regional, and national levels, which actions were taken by NPS staff and managers, and why. Broader impacts of the attacks on NPS operations and allocation of budget resources were also examined. Many of the interviews described the impacts of the attacks on NPS employees and sought to understand how the attacks may have affected the way staff viewed their jobs and the way Americans viewed national parks. Finally, the project hoped to capture "lessons learned" and to better understand the NPS's response and what it says about its values and responsibilities. Over the course of the rest of 2001 and 2002, more than 100 employees were interviewed for the project, detailing the initial response as well as the aftermath of the attacks. Interviews were conducted primarily with staff from the Statue of Liberty, Arlington House, and US Park Police from Washington, DC and New York, although staff detailed to deal with emergency response from other parks were also interviewed.

Scope and Content Note

Oral history recordings and transcripts documenting the NPS actions during and after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Topics discussed include initial emergency response and triage, park closures, continuity of operations, interagency relationships, bomb threats and security enhancements after the attacks, visitor reactions, NPS employee welfare, transportation and communication issues, and lessons learned. Emphasis is placed on actions taken to secure the White House, monuments, and parks in the National Capital Region and the role of the US Park Police and incident command. The US Park Police, Manhattan Sites, incident command, and triage are discussed for the New York City attacks. Report "Responding to the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks" written by Dr. Janet McDonnell using the information in the oral history recordings is also included.

Subseries IV.C.1: Janet McDonnell’s 9/11 Interviews, 2001-2002

Volume of sub-subseries: 0.8 LF
Organized into two sub-sub-subseries:
Sub-sub-subseries a: Oral History Recordings
Sub-sub-subseries b: Interview Transcripts and Report

Scope and Content Note

Audiocassette recordings and transcripts of oral history interviews of NPS staff regarding the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and their aftermath in New York City and the Washington, DC area. Interviews focused on staff working at Statue of Liberty, Arlington House, and the US Park Police, although staff detailed to deal with emergency response from other park sites were also interviewed. Includes report prepared by Dr. Janet McDonnell using the oral history interviews.

Subseries IV.C.1.a: Oral History Recordings

Volume of Sub-sub-subseries: 0.4 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Scope and Content Note

Audiocassette recordings of interviews completed by Dr. Janet McDonnell as part of the September 11, 2001, Oral History Project. Also includes one interview with Gary Scott as a co-interviewer.Interviews document the NPS's response during and immediately after the terrorist attacks. For description of interview contents, see Subseries IV.C.1.b: Interview Transcripts below.

Subseries IV.C.1.b: Interview Transcripts and Report, 2001-2004

Volume of Sub-sub-subseries: 0.4 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator surname or topic.

Scope and Content Note

Transcripts for oral history interviews regarding the NPS response to the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. Interviews are with US Park Police staff; incident command staff; staff from the NPS Washington Office, National Capital Region, and Northeast Regional Office; Statue of Liberty; Arlington House; and the National Mall, among others. A copy of Dr. Janet McDonnell's Responding to the September 11, 2001, Terrorist Attacks report is also included.

Interview Transcripts

These transcript summaries provide general overviews of the topics discussed but are not all inclusive.

Digital Access: The report and all transcripts from this project may be viewed in this album. Individual transcripts can also be accessed by selecting the names below.

01: Assembled Report of September 11, 2001, 2004
NPS September 11, 2001, report written by Dr. Janet McDonnell using the 9/11 oral histories and photographs gathered from NPS employees.

02: Bohn, Keith, December 17, 2002
US Park Police; paramedics; Eagle Two; Washington Hospital Center; Secret Service; FBI; Pentagon; heightened security.

03: Brooks, Gregory, June 12, 2002
Colonial (chief of maintenance); emergency team activation; Shenandoah; Rick Gale; Incident Command System.

04: Buckley, Dave, May 07, 2002
Staten Island; US Park Police (station commander); Emergency Service Unit; Ellis Island; heightened security; New York Marathon.

05: Burchell, Kenneth, December 17, 2001
US Park Police; Pentagon; triage; FBI.

06: Burnett, Dennis, January 29, 2002
WASO (acting chief of ranger activities); Shenandoah Dispatch; Special Events Team; Main Interior Building; Bureau of Reclamation; communication with New York; false alarms.

07: Dillon, John, December 10, 2001
US Park Police; pentagon; helicopters; Fire Department; FBI; Secret Service; staffing changes.

08: Forte, Judy, January 29, 2001
Southeast Regional Office (chief ranger); Emergency Operations Plan; Type 1 team; regional coordination.

09: Gale, Richard, December 12, 2001
Fire Aviation Response Emergency Team (chief); DOI communications center; Continuity of Operations Plan; Incident Management Team; Incident Command System.

10: Galey, Ronald, December 17, 2001
US Park Police (section pilot); Pentagon; Eagle One; airspace control; NORAD; FBI; Arlington Fire Department.

11: Lauro, Neal, May 07, 2002
US Park Police (district commander); Staten Island; Ellis Island; triage; evacuation; coordination of police forces; triage database; park reopening.

12: Lauro, Sal, March 28, 2002
Special Forces Branch (assistant commander); White House security; National Mall; evacuation; Arlington National Cemetery; Continuity of Operations Plan.

13: Martin, Robert, February 05, 2002
Northeast Regional Office (regional chief ranger).

14: McGinnis, Dennis, December 05, 2001
Shenandoah (chief of maintenance); Incident Management Team (operations section chief); differences between types 1,2, and 3 teams.

15: Moen, David, May 07, 2002
US Park Police; Ellis Island; boat transportation; boat security.

16: Murphy, Chris, May 08, 2002
US Park Police; Ellis island; triage; morgue site; heightened security.

17: Olsen, Einar, December 13, 2001
National Capital Region (chief ranger); regionalized rangers; ranger staging area; Pentagon daycare; park closures; anthrax scares.

18: Pfenninger, Paul, January 23, 2002
Shenandoah (interpretive programs manager); Type 2 incident team (public information officer); Philadelphia regional office; park security and resources assessments; Federal Hall; parks as havens.

19: Powell, Richard, April 30, 2002
WASO (chief of risk management); Incident Command Team; plane from Canada; evacuations; anthrax.

20: Ring, Richard, May 29, 2002
WASO (associate director for park operations and education); Continuity of Operations Plan; Type 1 incident team.

21: Ritchie, Brenda, January 23, 2002
Shenandoah (coordination center); Incident Command System; Continuity of Operations Plan; Cellular on Wheels; Type 1 and Type 2 teams; Icon parks.

22: Schamp, John, April 17, 2002
US Park Police (deputy chief of field offices); Pentagon; prevalence of command posts.

23: Soloman, Clyde, May 08, 2002
US Park Police; Federal Hall; triage; finding ambulances.

24: Stasulli, Bernard, December 10, 2001
US Park Police (assistant station commander); Pentagon; Eagle Two; Secret Service.

25: Van Horn, Gary, February 26, 2002
US Park Police (national law enforcement specialist); National Mall; bomb threats; Continuity of Operations Plan; Type 1 incident team.

26: Waite, Bryan, May 07, 2002
US Park Police (field commander); Ellis Island; Staten Island; Statue of Liberty as target; coordinating resources; heightened security.

27: Wilkins, Thomas, May 08, 2002
US Park Police (New York Field Office commander); Fort Wadsworth; power outages; role as liaison between agencies; coordination; heightened security at Statute of Liberty.

Subseries IV.C.2: Mark Schoepfle’s 9/11 Interviews, 2001-2002

Volume of sub-subseries: 0.8 LF
Organized into two sub-sub-subseries by format:
Sub-sub-subseries a: Oral History Recordings
Sub-sub-subseries b: Interview Transcripts

Scope and Content Note

Audiocassette tapes and transcripts of interviews of NPS park staff working during the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks and their immediate aftermaths. Interviews were conducted with staff at Ellis Island/Statue of Liberty, National Mall, Shenandoah National Park, Catoctin Mountain Park, Arlington House, and Manassas National Battlefield Park, as well as with US Park Police officers.

Subseries IV.C.2.a: Oral History Recordings, 2001-2002

Volume of sub-sub-subseries: 0.4 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Scope and Content Note

Audiocassette tapes of oral history interviews with park staff at Statue of Liberty and in the Washington area on duty during the September 11, 2001, attacks and their immediate aftermath. No interview recordings are present for Arberg, Brown, Castro, Dayson, DiPietro, Farrugio, Garrett, Kelly, Kuziw, Mills, O'Dougherty, Ordde, and Simonell but transcripts exist. For description of all interview contents, see Subseries IV.C.2.b: Interview Transcripts below.

Subseries IV.C.2.b: Interview Transcripts, 2001-2002

Volume of sub-sub-subseries: 0.4 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Scope and Content Note

Interview transcripts of NPS staff at Statue of Liberty and in the Washington, DC area parks during the September 11, 2001, attacks. Narrators discuss employees' reactions to the terrorist attacks, as well as those of park visitors. Operational details, such as staffing, transportation, first responders actions, building evacuations, employee assistance and counseling, and other issues in the aftermath of the attacks are discussed in many of the interviews. Heightened security, a bomb threat at the National Mall, and a speedboat scare at Statue of Liberty are among the security issues described. Includes discussion of the Pentagon and Flight 93 attacks in several interviews.

Interview Transcripts

These transcript summaries provide general overviews of the topics discussed but are not all inclusive.

Digital Access: All transcripts from this project may be viewed in this album. Individual transcripts can also be accessed by selecting the names below.

01: Arberg, Alfred, February 01, 2002
Ellis Island; Statue of Liberty; triage; security; Battery Park harbor; speedboat scare.

02: Berberich, Henry, December 20, 2001
US Park Police; Pentagon; Washington Monument; evacuation of National Capital Mall; heightened security; communication difficulties; State and County police aid.

03: Brown, Daniel T., January 29, 2002
Statue of Liberty (chief of interpretation); triage; personnel; emergency care.

04: Byrne, Karen, June 11, 2002
Arlington House (historian); Pentagon; hospital volunteer; heightened security; Arlington Hospital.

05: Castro, Paula, January 30, 2002
Statue of Liberty (receptionist); Ellis Island; New Jersey troopers; victim intake database.

06: Childs, Richard, May 06, 2002
Shenandoah (district ranger); Homeland Security; parks at risk; Eastern Interagency Communications Center.

07: Curry, Colleen, June 11, 2002
Arlington House; Pentagon; commute changes; heightened security.

08: Dayson, Diane, January 28, 2002
Statue of Liberty (superintendent); identifying first responders; park staff evacuation; walking wounded triage; New Jersey EMS teams; employee assistance and counseling.

09: DiPietro, Vincent, February 01, 2002
Statue of Liberty (ranger/education specialist); triage; Jersey City Medical Center; commute changes.

10: Dixon, Dwight, January 14, 2002
Catoctin (ranger); Communications Center; deployed to DC as emergency responder; Clara Barton shelter.

11: Drews, Keith, July 09, 2002
Arlington House; Pentagon; FBI spotters.

12: Farrugio, Alfred, January 30, 2002
Statue of Liberty (horticulturalist); triage aid.

13: Galey, Ron, January 17, 2002
US Park Police; Pentagon; first responder; NORAD; Medivac; heightened security.

14: Garrett, Cynthia, June 06, 2002
Statue of Liberty (assistant superintendent); triage; speedboat scare.

15: Goodrich, Gil, December 28, 2001
Manassas (protection ranger); deployed to DC as emergency responder; Capital Mall liaison.

16: Graham, Keena, June 17, 2002
Arlington House (visitor use assistant); bomb threat at the Mall; Pentagon.

17: Hatten, Lance, February 27, 2002
Pentagon; Survey Lodge.

18: Jones, Mark, June 17, 2002
Arlington House; Pentagon; visitor reactions.

19: Kelly, Joan A., February 01, 2002
Statue of Liberty; speedboat scare; triage; victim intake database.

20: Keneally, Sean, December 18, 2001
National Capital Region (maintenance); heightened security; closing streets; protective barriers.

21: Kinard, Joy, June 17, 2002
Arlington House; cemetery evacuation.

22: Kuziw, Gene, January 29, 2002
Statue of Liberty (interpreter/EMS); park evacuation; triage; Jersey City Medical Center.

23: Mills, Frank W., January 31, 2002
Statue of Liberty (assistant superintendent); bridge traffic; boat transportation; regional superintendents' meeting; employee assistance and counseling; walking wounded triage.

24: O'Dougherty, Peter, February 01, 2002
Statue of Liberty (chief of maintenance); triage; temporary restrooms; speedboat scare; food.

25: Ordde, Caval, January 30, 2002
Statue of Liberty (procurement technician); triage; victim intake database; December reopening.

26: Pellinger, Thomas, March 29, 2002
Major in US Park Police (acting operations division commander); preemptive measures in Washington; deployment of forces; heightened security.

27: Poole, J. Melville, December 17, 2001
Catoctin (superintendent); superintendents' conference; Flight 93; Camp David; barricades.

28: Simonelli, Danelle, February 01, 2002
Statue of Liberty (ranger); park evacuation; triage.

29: Stasulli, Bernie, January 16, 2002
US Park Police; Pentagon; first responder; medivac; Eagle One; Eagle Two; Reagan air traffic control.

30: Sucholdowski, Jan, July 12, 2002
Arlington House (maintenance); Pentagon; commute changes.

31: Thetford, Tracy, May 06, 2002
Shenandoah (headquarters); park as a sanctuary.

32: Wallace, George F., January 16, 2002
US Park Police; National Mall; Pentagon; first responders; building evacuation; firefighting.

33: Willoughby, Malcolm, July 09, 2002
Arlington House; Pentagon; park evacuation; bomb scare.

34: Zanjac, Jerry, January 30, 2002Statue of Liberty (maintenance); EMS arrival.

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Subseries IV.D: Dr. Lu Ann Jones NPS Oral History Project, 1954-2023 (bulk dates: 2012-2023)

Volume of subseries: 1.6 LF
Extent: 919 born-digital files (60.7 GB)
Organized into two sub-subseries by format:
Sub-subseries 1: Oral History Recordings
Sub-subseries 2: Interview Transcripts and Research Notes

Administrative History Note

Historian Dr. Lu Ann Jones initiated and conducted interviews with a wide range of NPS employees of the NPS. Pending retirements inspired many of the interviews. Other individuals, such as Denis P. Galvin, had been retired many years but had never been interviewed in a systematic way. In some cases, narrators suggested other people to interview and Jones acted upon those recommendations. For example, John Reynolds put Jones in contact with Liz Titus Putnam, the founder of the Student Conservation Association and NPS partner. Jones pursued interviews with Georgia Ellard and Tina Short because of her interest in the experiences of African American women in the NPS as the bureau began to create new opportunities for women and other minorities in the 1960s and 1970s.

Scope and Content Note

Analog and digital oral history recordings and transcripts of interviews with NPS employees. Also includes research notes and limited correspondence with narrators. In addition to individual careers, topics discussed include cultural resource preservation; the National Register for Historic Places; women and minorities in the NPS; the 1995 government shutdown; US bicentennial; Student Conservation Association (SCA), and the Natural Resources Challenge. Key individuals discussed include Roger Kennedy, Deny Galvin, Robert Stanton, and Lady Bird Johnson. Helen Hartzog, wife for former director George B. Hartzog, discusses role of families and her perspectives as a spouse in the NPS.

Subseries IV.D.1: Oral History Recordings, 2009-2023

Volume of subseries: 1.6 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Scope and Content Note

Analog recordings for NPS staff and affiliated individuals interviewed as part of Dr. Lu Ann Jones' NPS Oral History Project. For description of interview contents, see Subseries IV.D.2: Interview Transcripts below.

Subseries IV.D.2: Interviews and Research Notes, 1954-2023 (bulk dates: 2012-2023)

Extent: 919 born-digital files (60.7 GB)
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name and thereunder chronologically by date.

Scope and Content Note

Digital audio files (.wav), interview transcripts, and research notes created in preparation for and during the interviews. In addition to individual careers, topics discussed include cultural resource preservation; the National Register for Historic Places; women and minorities in the NPS; diversity programs; the 1995 government shutdown; public affairs; US bicentennial; youth programs; Student Conservation Association (SCA), and the Natural Resources Challenge. Key individuals discussed include former NPS directors Roger Kennedy and Robert G. Stanton; Deny Galvin; and Lady Bird Johnson. Helen Hartzog, wife for former director George B. Hartzog, Jr., discusses role of families and her perspectives as a spouse in the NPS.

Interview Transcripts

These transcript summaries provide general overviews of the topics discussed but are not all inclusive.

01. Andrus, Patrick, April 25, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

02: Bailey, Valerie, June 13, 2012
Student Conservation Association (clerical assistant).

03: Barna, David, February 27, 2013, March 12, 2013, March 18, 2013, April 9, 2013
Career before NPS; WASO (chief spokesperson); 1995 government shutdown; WASO Public Affairs Office; press release process changes; digital world; religion; Roger Kennedy; security in parks; fee free days; Washington politics; parks vs. politics; Denis Galvin; park future. Includes research notes.

04. Biallis, Randy, January 24, 2017
Transcript not yet described.

05. Biallis, Randy, January 31, 2017
Transcript not yet described.

06. Bird, James, May 10, 2017
Transcript not yet described.

07: Boland, Beth, March 4, 2015, March 11, 2015
National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA); NPS diversity projects; reorganization; National Preservation Program; National Register of Historic Places; Carol Shull; Teaching with Historic Places Program; education in the parks; partnerships with educators; shift to digital; Youth Summit Program. Interviewed by Lilli Tichnin. Includes research notes.

08: Coates, Robert, June 13, 2012
Student Conservation Association (senior vice president for programs).

09. Dennis, John, September 7, 2023
Transcript not yet described.

10. Dennis, John, September 14, 2023
Transcript not yet described.

11. Dennis, John, September 21, 2023
Transcript not yet described.

12: Ellard, Georgia, January 16, 2015
Fort Dupont (clerk); WASO (secretary, administrative technician); Union Station (administrative officer); bicentennial initiative; being a minority in the NPS; being a woman in the NPS. Includes research notes.

13: Fearn, Mickey, February 20, 2013, April 22, 2013
WASO (deputy director for communications and community service); diversity projects; youth programs. Interviewed by Dr. Lu Ann Jones and Barbara Little. Includes research notes.

14: Finnerty, Maureen, February 09, 2012
WASO (federal and state liaison office, policy office, associate director of park operations and education); Everglades (assistant superintendent, superintendent); Philadelphia Regional Office (regional chief of operations); Olympic National Park; integration of Alaskan parks; Roger Kennedy; Bob Stanton; women in management. Includes research notes.

15. Gallo, Kristen, June 26, 2019
Transcript not yet described.

16: Galvin, Denis P. (Deny), August 20, 2013, November 13, 2013, February 11, 2014, February 26, 2014
Sequoia (trainee engineer); Mount Rainier (engineer); Santa Fe Regional Office (engineer); Albright Training Center (trainer); Northeast Regional Office (associate regional director, deputy director of operations); Denver Service Center (manager); WASO (deputy director of administrations). Includes research notes.

17. Gilbert, Vernon (T)om, December 3, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

18. Gilbert, Vernon (Tom), December 4, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

19: Hartzog, Helen, August 11, 2009, August 12, 2009, August 27, 2009, March 15, 2014
Meeting of Helen and George B. Hartzog; move to Chicago during WWII; Rocky Mountain (assistant superintendent); children; housing in the parks; Great Smoky Mountains; George loses a leg; George's his career with the NPS and serving as its director; George as superintendent at Jefferson Expansion Memorial; children of NPS employees; duties as a park wife; life as an NPS director's wife; entertaining; Ansel Adams; Lady Bird Johnson; Volunteers in Parks; Transcript for March 15, 2014 interview not yet prepared. Includes research notes.

20: Jarvis, Jonathan, January 25, 2017, January 27, 2017, February 1, 2017, February 3, 2017
Bicentennial Information Center; reference manual "Black Book"; National Mall (ranger); Prince William (ranger); Crater Lake (natural resource specialist); North Cascades (division chief for natural resources); Craters of the Moon (superintendent); Mount Rainier (superintendent); Wrangell-St. Elias (superintendent); George Wright Society; National Parks Conservation Association advising team to China; Mount Rainier (superintendent); Pacific West Regional Office (regional director); politics in Washington; oyster legislation; WASO (director of the park service); time as NPS director. Includes research notes.

21. Martinez, Vidal, December 5, 2016
Transcript not yet described.

22: McDermott, Sandra Jo, July 23, 2015
Alaska Regional Office (seasonal historian, preservation fund grants manager); National Historic Landmarks and Partnership Programs (lead historian); Joshua Tree (deputy superintendent); Intermountain Region (deputy associate regional director for cultural resources); Bighorn Canyon (interim superintendent); WASO (deputy associate director of cultural resources, stewardship, and science). Interviewed by Dr. Lu Ann Jones and Jeanette Sanchez. Includes research notes.

23. Miller, Diane, September 29, 2023
Transcript not yet described.

24. O’Conner, Richard, June 5, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

25: Poole, Alfred James (Jim), December 18, 2009
WASO (center manager for Washington Administrative Program Center, acting administrative officer, acting assistant director, assistant to associate director, assistant for special programs, management services division chief). Includes research notes.

26: Putnam, Bruce, June 14, 2012
Student Conservation Association (board member).

27: Putnam, Elizabeth Titus, June 12, 2012, June 13, 2012, June 14, 2012, July, 2012
Student Conservation Program (founder, 1957); Vassar College; Conservation Foundation; National Parks Association; Horace Albright; Judy Merck Buechner; wetlands protection; Student Conservation Association name change. Includes research notes and a DVD copy of film "Origins of the SCA".

28: Quintana, Ernest (Ernie), December 11, 2014
Midwest Regional Office (regional director); Joshua Tree (park laborer, superintendent); Saguaro (park ranger, chief ranger); Santa Monica Recreation Area (chief ranger); WASO (acting associate director for resource and visitor protection). Interviewed by Dr. Lu Ann Jones and Lilli Tichinin. Includes research notes.

29. Reynolds, John, November 4, 2014
Transcript not yet described.

30. Reynolds, John, January 7, 2015
Transcript not yet described.

31. Reynolds, John, February 3, 2015
Transcript not yet described.

32. Reynolds, John, December 4, 2015
Transcript not yet described.

33. Reynolds, John, January 20, 2016
Transcript not yet described.

34: Sanfilippo, Pamela, April 17, 2015
Ulysses S. Grant (seasonal interpreter, ranger, historian, education director). Includes research notes.

35: Satterwhite-Short, Tina, November 20, 2014
Fort Dupont (junior ranger, supervisory ranger); National Capital Region (clerk, technician); Anacostia (interpretive specialist). Interviewed by Dr. Lu Ann Jones and Lilli Tichinin.

36. Sellars, Richard, November 7, 2014
Transcript not yet described.

37: Shull, Carol, May 13, 2015
National Register of Historic Places Program; WASO (chief of registration, keeper of the National Register); National Register Bulletin (editor). Includes research notes.

38: Soukup, Michael, May 07, 2009
Creator of the Green Report; WASO (associate director for natural resources); Natural Resource Challenge. Interviewed by Dr. Lu Ann Jones and Robert Sutton. Includes research notes.

39. Toothman, Stephanie, May 5, 2017
Transcript not yet described.

40. Toothman, Stephanie, May 17, 2017
Transcript not yet described.

41. Watkins, Joe, March 12, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

42. Watkins, Joe, March 13, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

43: Weaver, Scott, June 13, 2012
Student Conservation Association; Yosemite (construction).

44: Weber, Sandra, January 18, 2012
Glen Echo (cataloger); Clara Barton House. Interviewed as part of the Effective Oral History Workshop, National Capital Region. Includes research notes.

45: Weinbaum, Paul, February 8, 2011, February 9, 2011, February 24, 2011
Statue of Liberty; Boston (historian); Northeast Regional Office (program manager); reorganization. Interviewed by Dr. Lu Ann Jones and Louis Hutchins. Includes research notes and an interview transcript conducted by Harvey Dixon in 1981.

46: Weinbaum, Paul and Nash, Margot, July 01, 2009
Statue of Liberty (educational programming, curation); critical backlash against immigration museum. Interviewed by Dr. Lu Ann Jones and Louis Hutchins.

47: Wilson, Nancy Young, August 05, 2015
Mammoth Cave (laborer, guide; secretary); Martin Luther King; Southwest Regional Office; Curecanti National Recreation Area (human resources officer); Big Bend; Gulf Islands; Virgin Islands; New York City Harbor; WASO (workforce, relations, and inclusion management). Interviewed by Dr. Lu Ann Jones and Jeanette Sanchez. Includes research notes.

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Subseries IV.E: Interviews with NPS Archeology Staff, 2013-2016

Extent: 295 born-digital files (32.3 GB)
Volume of subseries: 0.2 LF (analog records)
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name and thereunder chronologically by date.

Administrative History Note

In 2013 Dr. Karen Mudar, an archeologist with the NPS Archeology Program, began conducting interviews with NPS archeologists to publish in the NPS Archeology E-Gram newsletter, a monthly publication. The recurring feature was called "Conversation with an Archeologist" and sought to profile a wide range of archeologists working in the NPS, to encourage archeologists to "think outside the box" when it came to applying for jobs, to gather tips and wisdom about working in the NPS, and to capture "the flavor" and variety of the archeological work being carried out by the NPS.

Initial interviews for the newsletter were not recorded but eventually Mudar began to record them. She conducted the interviews over the telephone and each narrator was asked a standard set of questions. Over time, the profiles became infrequent as Mudar had less time to devote to interviews.

The Archeology E-gram project segued into another project as Mudar interviewed archeologists who had or who were about to retire. Three of these archeologists, John Knoerl, Michele Aubry, and Bennie Keel, were specifically chosen for their intimate knowledge of the early history of the programs that eventually became the NPS Archeology Program and of projects that it administered. These questions were more wide-ranging and tailored to individual histories. Beginning in November 2013 with the John Knoerl interview, NPS Staff Historian Dr. Lu Ann Jones began working with Mudar to preserve her efforts and supplement them with more in-depth interviews with long-time NPS archeologists.

Scope and Content Note

Digital recordings of phone interviews (.wmv format) and in-person interviews (.wav format), transcripts, and various research notes and publications, including the articles prepared for the "Conversations with an Archeologist" series. Digitial and analog interview transcripts and research notes generated in advance of the interviews are included. Interviews were conducted with staff from the Washington Office, Southeast Archeological Center, Midwest Archeological Center, National Capital Region, and parks. For interviews which were not recorded, notes of telephone conversations are included. "Conversations with an Archeologist" newsletter column from the Archeology E-gram for the interviews are also present where applicable. In addition to individual careers, narrators discuss the history of the NPS Archeology Program, Systemwide Archeological Inventory Program (SAIP), and the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA).

Interview Transcripts

These transcript summaries provide general overviews of the topics discussed but are not all inclusive.

01: Aubry, Michele, December 1, 2015, December 17, 2015
WASO Archeology Program; System-wide Archeological Inventory Program (SAIP); National Archeological Survey Initiative.

02: Carroll, Mary, undated
"Conversation with an Archeologist" and interview notes. [There is no audio recording or transcript for this interview].

03. Childs, Terry, August 8, 2019
Transcript not yet described.

04. Clark, Caven, November 27, 29-30, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

05: Espaniola, Erika Stein, undated
"Conversation with an Archeologist" and interview notes only. [There is no audio recording or transcript for this interview].

06: Hale, Elaine, undated
"Conversation with an Archeologist" and interview notes only. [There is no audio recording or transcript for this interview].

07: Keel, Bennie, July 28, 2016
National Archeological Database; Southeastern Archeological Conference; National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA).

08: Kinoshita, Jun, July 1, 2014
"Conversation with an Archeologist" and interview notes only. [There is no audio recording or transcript for this interview].

09: Knoerl, John, November 14, 2013
Transcript not yet prepared. "Conversation with an Archeologist" and interview notes also included.

10: LeBeau, Albert, October 15, 2014
"Conversation with an Archeologist" and interview notes only. [There is no audio recording or transcript for this interview].

11: Long, Emily, undated
"Conversation with an Archeologist" and interview notes only. [There is no audio recording or transcript for this interview].

12. McMannon, Frank, June 4, 2020
Transcript not yet described.

13. McMannon, Frank, June 18, 2020
Transcript not yet described.

14: McMannon, Frank, July 2, 2020
Transcript not yet described.

15. McMannon, Frank, January 14, 2021
Transcript not yet described.

16. McMannon, Frank, January 27, 2021
Transcript not yet described.

17. McMasters, Kris, June 5, 2019
Transcript not yet described.

18. McMasters, Kris, June 12, 2019
Transcript not yet described.

19. Noble, Vergil, August 23, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

10: Noble, Vergil, undated
"Conversation with an Archeologist" publication and interview notes only. [There is no audio recording or transcript for this interview].

11: Peterson, Michael, February 25, 2014
Transcript not yet prepared. "Conversation with an Archeologist" and interview notes also included.

12: Potter, Stephen, September 15, 2015; September 18, 2015
National Capital Region (regional archeologist); National Capital Region white paper; archeology shifts in the parks.

13: Rudo, Mark, December 1, 2015
"Conversation with an Archeologist" and interview notes only. [There is no audio recording or transcript for this interview].

14: Steele, Julie, September 6, 2016
Transcript not yet described.

15: Yu, Pei Lin, undated
"Conversation with an Archeologist" and interview notes only. [There is no audio recording or transcript for this interview].

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Subseries IV.F: Interviews with Harpers Ferry Center Staff, 2003, 2015-2021

Extent: 181 born-digital files (15.2 GB)
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Administrative History Note

In 2015 NPS historian Dr. Lu Ann Jones began a collaboration with colleagues at Harpers Ferry Center (HFC). The goal of the project was to document the careers of retired individuals who had contributed to publications, design, curation, cartography, and other services provided by HFC.

Scope and Content Note

Digital recordings of oral history interviews and digital transcripts of HFC employees. Interviews include staff working in cartography, graphic design, exhibit design, publications, and curation. Topics discussed include the transition to digital technology and its impact on HFC's work, NPS publications, and the NPS Archives (now NPS History Collection). Also includes research notes, limited correspondence, and digital images for some interviews.

Interview Transcripts

These transcript summaries provide general overviews of the topics discussed but are not all inclusive.

Digital Access: All transcripts from this project may be viewed in this album. Individual transcripts can also be accessed by selecting the names below. For access to other born-digital files associated with these interviews contact the archivist.

01: Haack, Nancy, November 29, 2016
Career as a cartographer; shift to digital; Nick Kirilloff; NPS publications. Interviewed by Dr. Lu Ann Jones and Elizabeth Ehrlich. Includes research notes.

02: Hopkins, Bruce and Zahniser, Edward, November 4, 2015
Zahniser: senior writer/editor for publications; distinguished service award; Vincent Gleason; Massimo Vignelli. Hopkins: supervisory writer/editor. Interviewed by Dr. Lu Ann Jones and Elizabeth Ehrlich.

03: Kirilloff, Irene, October 3, 2019
Career as contract graphic designer for NPS publications and waysides; career of husband Nick Kirilloff as NPS graphic designer and chief of graphics for waysides; Vincent Gleason; unigrid; national park associations; Division of Publications; graphic design.

04: Lacome, Rebecca, November 6, 2018
Training specialist for interpretation and education; evolution of interpretation profession; David Larsen; Interpretive Development Program.

05: McLean, David, May 3, 2016Graphic design; exhibit design. Interviewed by Neil MacKay and Dr. Lu Ann Jones. Includes research notes and digital photographs.

06: Meyers, Linda, September 18, 2019
Career as visual information specialist; Division of Publications; Vincent Gleason; unigrid; print production; printing technology; artwork use restrictions; HFC workforce demographics; workplace reorganizations; working with printing companies.

07: Wallace, David, November 2, 2015
Independence (historian); Eastern National Parks and Monuments Association; WASO (chief of museum operations); NPS Archives at HFC. Interviewed by Dr. Lu Ann Jones and Sarah Heald. Includes research notes.

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Subseries IV.G: Legacy of Learning Oral History Project, 2012

Extent: 15 born-digital files (2.45 GB)
Volume of subseries: 0.2 LF of analog files
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Administrative History Note

On September 13, 2012 the "Effective Oral History Course," led by staff historian Dr. Lu Ann Jones, was held at the NPS Stephen T. Mather Training Center (STMA) in Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. Interviews with former STMA directors and staff, as well as the manager of the NPS Historic Preservation Training Center (HPTC) were conducted as part of the course practicum.

Scope and Content Note

Digital recordings (.MP3 and .wav files) and transcripts of the oral history interviews conducted on September 12, 2012, as part of the Mather Training Center "Legacy of Learning" project. Interviews conducted with managers, instructors, and other employees of the center. Topics discussed include training; Operational Leadership Program; minorities in the NPS; and staff training and development. Includes analog research notes and background information for the interviews.

Interview Transcripts

These transcript summaries provide general overviews of the topics discussed but are not all inclusive.

01: Aikens, Martha, September 13, 2012
Albright Training Center (intake trainee); minorities in the NPS; Operational Lightship Program; Everglades environmental education programs; Gateway National Recreation Area; Castillo de San Marcos (superintendent); curriculum changes; Storer College. Interviewed by Bill Mansfield.

02: Dahlen, Dave, September 13, 2012
Fort McHenry (seasonal); Everglades (seasonal, interpretive skills program); Independence (interpreter); Grand Canyon (ranger, training center instructor); Great Smoky Mountains; Mather Training Center (instructor). Interviewed by Rachel Brown.

03: Fritts, Katrina, September 13, 2012
Yosemite (work study seasonal, ranger, district ranger, jail matron); Mather Training Center (administrative technician); Martha Aikens. Interviewed by Cynthia Walton.

04: Hastings, Steve, September 13, 2012
Golden Gate (ranger); Philadelphia Regional Office (computerized maintenance system implementation); Mather Training Center (training and development). Interviewed by Patricia Miller.

05: Watson, Michael, September 13, 2012
Mount Rainier (naturalist); Everglades (environmental education program); Mather Training Center (instructor); Heritage Conservation and Recreation Society. Interviewed by Katrina Pierson.

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Subseries IV.H: Association of National Park Rangers (ANPR) Oral History Project, 2012-2016

Extent: 1,235 born-digital files (73.4 GB)
Volume of subseries: 1.6 LF (analog records)
Organized into two sub-subseries:
Sub-subseries 1: Oral History Recordings
Sub-subseries 2: Interview Transcripts and Research Notes

Administrative History Note

Dr. Lu Ann Jones and others at the NPS Park History Program coordinated with the Association of National Park Rangers (ANPR) to conduct oral history interviews with that organization's longtime members. The project was inspired by the NPS Centennial in 2016 and focuses on individuals who have helped to shape the agency's history during its second half-century.

Although the program was launched in 2010, the first interviews took place at the 2012 "Ranger Rendezvous" event, held in Indian Wells, California. Additional interviews were conducted between 2013 and 2016. Emphasis was on interviewing employees who joined the agency in the 1950s-1970s and who occupied leadership positions during decades of great change. During their tenures, the NPS expanded significantly, the country adopted laws that challenged the Service's management policies, and the demographics of the agency's workforce and its visitors underwent a significant shift.

Source:

http://www.anpr.org/Oral-History-Project (accessed September 25, 2017).

Scope and Content Note

Oral history recordings and transcripts from interviews of NPS employees. Topics discussed include individual careers and parks; the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks; women in the NPS; US bicentennial; Interagency Fire Center; Alaska Task Force; NPS Albright Training Center; Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC); Presidential Management Intern Program; resources careers; NPS regional offices; the Wilderness Act; and the creation of the Association of National Park Rangers. Also includes research notes related to the individuals interviewed and limited correspondence.

Subseries IV.H.1: Oral History Recordings, 2012-2015

Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Scope and Content Note

Digital oral history recordings of interviews with ANPR members. Interviews were conducted with park staffs, chief rangers, assistant superintendents, superintendents, and regional office employees. Maureen Finnerty, William (Bill) Halainen, John Cook, Bob Krumenaker, Wayne Landrum, Bruce McKeeman, David Mihalic, Ernest Quintana, Patrick Reed, Edwin Rothfuss, Richard Smith, and others are among those interviewed. For description of interview contents, see Subseries IV.H.2: Interview Transcripts below.

Subseries IV.H.2: Interview Transcripts and Research Notes, 2012-2016

Volume of sub-subseries: 1.6 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Scope and Content Note

Transcripts of oral history interviews and research notes related to the individuals interviewed. Subjects discussed include individual careers; women in the NPS; dual careers and balancing work and family life; security following September 11, 2001; US bicentennial; park fatalities; resources careers; and the Association of National Park Rangers. Employee experiences at various national park units, regional offices, NPS Albright Training Center, Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (FLETC), and the Washington Office are also discussed.

Interview Transcripts

These transcript summaries provide general overviews of the topics discussed but are not all inclusive.

Digital Access: All transcripts from this project may be viewed in this album. For access to other born-digital files associated with these interviews contact the archivist.

01: Adams, Deanne, October 23, 2014
Albright Training Center (student); Denali (ranger); Fairbanks Interagency Center; Shenandoah (chief of interpretation); Pacific Northwest Regional Office (chief of interpretation); women in the NPS.

02: Anderson, Paul, October 24, 2014
Rocky Mountain (seasonal, landscape gardener); Big Bend (park technician); Shenandoah (intake ranger); Grand Canyon (assistant sub-district ranger); Delaware Water Gap (district ranger); Yosemite (district ranger).

03: Arnberger, Rob, October 28, 2016
Growing up in a NPS family; Les Arnberger; Gila Cliff Dwellings (seasonal ranger); Tumacacori (ranger); Grand Canyon (Scenario Executive Service superintendent); Alaska Region (director).

04: Bielenberg, Warren, October 22, 2015
Blue Ridge Parkway (ranger); Apostle Islands (chief of interpretation); Fort McHenry (chief of visitor services); Delaware Water Gap (chief of resource management and visitor services); Shenandoah (chief naturalist); Midwest Region (regional chief of interpretation).

05: Bradford, Mary, October 29, 2016
Fort Washington (seasonal ranger historian); Albright Training Center (training); Urban Rangers (training, Summer in the Parks); Yosemite (ranger); Cabrillo (interpretive specialist); Denver Service Center (planning teams); Sloan Fellowship; Office of Legislative Counsel in the Office of the Secretary of the Interior (lawyer); Southwest Region (deputy regional director); WASO (associate director).

06: Burnett, Dennis, October 25, 2014
Death Valley (seasonal, clerk); Isle Royale (seasonal); Dinosaur (seasonal); Yosemite (ranger); Petrified Forest (park technician); Lake Mead (ranger); Great Smoky Mountains (back country ranger); Sequoia (intermittent); Jefferson National Expansion (assistant chief ranger); Cape Cod (district ranger); Delaware Water Gap (district ranger); WASO (program manager, ranger activities); post 9/11 security; Virginia Rousseau.

07: Burnett, Dennis and Rousseau, Virginia, October 25, 2014
Yosemite (rangers); dual careers; balancing work and family.

08: Castleberry, Don, October 22, 2015
Everglades (ranger); Zion (assistant superintendent); Cedar Breaks (superintendent); Timpanogos Cave (superintendent); Indiana Dunes (assistant superintendent/chief of operations); George Washington Memorial Parkway (superintendent); Mid-Atlantic Regional Office (deputy director); Midwest Regional Office (director).

09: Cherry, Thomas, October 25, 2014
Yellowstone (seasonal); Cape Cod (assistant district ranger); Cuyahoga Valley (district ranger); WASO (law enforcement trainer).

10: Chetwin, Cliff, October 23, 2014
Craters of the Moon (seasonal); WASO (park police trainee); Golden Gate; Pinnacles (district ranger); Carlsbad Caverns (chief ranger); Southwest Regional Office (regional fires management officer).

11: Chetwin, Judy, October 23, 2014
WASO (advertising); Golden Gate (clerk); Fort Point (interpretation); Bicentennial; dual careers; Pinnacles (search and rescue); Carlsbad (interpreter); Alcatraz; Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (trainee); Santa Fe Regional Office.

12: D'Amico, Roberta, October 22, 2014
Cape Cod (seasonal); Delaware Water Gap (dispatcher); Colonial (ranger); Mid- Atlantic Regional Office (public affairs officer); Everglades (incident command team); National Interagency Fire Center.

13: Daniel, Don, October 29, 2016
Yellowstone (seasonal ranger); Grand Canyon (seasonal ranger); Yosemite (volunteer); Petrified Forest (volunteer); Yellowstone (volunteer; seasonal back country law enforcement ranger); Lassen Volcanic (seasonal law enforcement ranger); Joshua Tree (seasonal law enforcement ranger); Yosemite (seasonal law enforcement ranger).

14: Eckert, Lisa, October 29, 2016
Yellowstone (Old Faithful Inn server, tour guide, seasonal naturalist, seasonal interpretation, seasonal law enforcement); Everglades (seasonal naturalist); Colorado National Monument (seasonal naturalist, clerk-typist); Haleakala (seasonal law enforcement ranger); Royal National Park, Australia (volunteer); Kakadu National Park, Australia (volunteer); Shenandoah (ranger); Denali (assistant chief of interpretation, chief of interpretation); Knife River Indian Villages (superintendent); Gateway (superintendent); Albright Training Center (superintendent); Colorado National Monument (superintendent); Devils Tower (superintendent); Organ Pipe Cactus (detail); Bryce Canyon (superintendent).

15: Farabee, Charles (Butch), October 29, 2012
Park Medic Program; Yosemite and Sequoia jurisdictions; park fatalities.

16: Flora, Mark, October 24, 2014
Indiana Dunes (hydrologic technician); Everglades (water resources division); Natural Resources Trainee Program.

17: Fodor, Paul, October 24, 2014
Albright Training Center (student); interracial marriages; Death Valley (ranger); Charles Manson; Saguaro (ranger); Sequoia and Kings Canyon (sub-district ranger); Pacific National Monument (chief ranger).

18: Ford, Teresa, October 29, 2013
Not an NPS employee; editor of Ranger Magazine; ANPR honorary ranger.

19: Francis, Phil, October 23, 2015
Kings Mountain (seasonal ranger, administrative services assistant); National Capital Regional Office (intake program); Chickamauga & Chattanooga (administrative officer); Shenandoah (administrative officer); Yosemite (operational chief); Southwest Regional Office (associate regional director of administration); Great Smokey Mountains (assistant superintendent, acting superintendent); Blue Ridge Parkway (superintendent).

20:Frederick, Larry, October 24, 2014; August 2, 2016
Rocky Mountain (temporary/volunteer, audiovisual technician); Wind Cave (seasonal, assistant chief of interpretation); Albright Training Center (student); Grand Canyon (ranger); Olympic (district naturalist); Canyonlands (chief of interpretation); Glacier (chief of interpretation). Later date is a re-recording of part of the previous session, due to that part being lost.

21: Halainen, William (Bill), June 27, 2013
Custer Battlefield/Little Bighorn (seasonal interpreter); Mesa Verde (seasonal interpreter); Colonial (protection officer); Minuteman (ranger); WASO (ranger activities office); ANPR (editor); shifts in interpretation.

22: Hannah, James and Hannah, Shirley, October 25, 2014
Shirley: Dinosaur (seasonal); James: Grand Canyon (ranger); Bryce Canyon (ranger); Big Bend (district ranger); Rio Grande (chief ranger); Alaska Task Force.

23: Harriet, Rebecca, October 23, 2014, October 23, 2015
Cape Lookout (seasonal); Klondike Gold Rush (seasonal); Klondike Gold Rush Seattle Unit; Albright Training Center (student); George Washington Carver (chief ranger); Friendship Hill (supervisory ranger); Booker T. Washington (superintendent); Harpers Ferry (superintendent). Later date is a re-recording of part of the previous session, due to that part being lost.

24: Hastings, Frank, October 30, 2012
Petrified Forest (ranger); Grand Canyon (search and rescue ranger); Arkansas Post (management assistant); Navajo Monument (ranger); San Juan.

25: Karraker, Marin, October 29, 2016
Growing up in a NPS family; Alaska Public Lands Information Center (information clerk); Grand Canyon (Student Conservation Association, seasonal interpretive ranger, fee collector, information receptionist); Olympic (spouse); Death Valley (visitor use assistant); Glen Canyon (Natural History Association tour guide, seasonal interpretive ranger, acting education specialist, sub-district interpreter, special park uses coordinator); Haleakala (business revenue program specialist); San Juan Island (interpretation, administrative officer); Chamizal (administrative officer); Valles Caldera (administrative officer).

26: Kirwan, Janet, October 22, 2014
Walnut Canyon (seasonal); Everglades (seasonal, resource management, ranger/tribal liaison); Crater Lake (seasonal); Hawaii (term); Federal Law Enforcement Training Center.

27: Koegler, Fred, October 24, 2015
Yosemite (seasonal ranger for fifty years); park housing; changes in visitation; changes in visitor services; law enforcement; 1970 riot; Authorities Act of 1976; horse patrol; Hetch Hetchy Project; search and rescue; Debbie Koegler; family life in the park; changes to seasonal employment.

28: Koegler, Debbie, October 25, 2015
Yosemite (spouse, seasonal visitor use assistant, seasonal volunteer, seasonal fee collector); Fred Koegler; women in the NPS; changes to seasonal employment; park housing.

29: Krumenaker, Bob, October 29, 2012
Young Adult Conservation Corps; Moab (systems analyst); Grand Canyon (computer programming); Dinosaur (seasonal); Presidential Management Intern Program; Big Thicket; Isle Royale (resource management specialist); Santa Fe Regional Office (natural resource specialist); Resources Career Task Force; Valley Forge (acting superintendent).

30: Landrum, Wayne, October 14, 2014
Walnut Canyon (seasonal); Carlsbad Caverns (seasonal); Glen Canyon (supervisory ranger); Channel Islands (supervisory ranger); Wupatki (chief ranger); Biscayne (chief ranger); Dry Tortugas (supervisor).

31: Lauritzen, Wendy, October 28, 2013
Rocky Mountain (seasonal); Badlands (seasonal); Great Smoky Mountains (seasonal); Independence (seasonal); Great Basin; Alaska (management assistant); Mary Bomar; Washita (superintendent); Tallgrass Prairie (superintendent).

32: Lee, Tomie, October 29, 2016
Organ Pipe Cactus (spouse); Point Reyes (spouse); Tuzigoot (ranger); Glen Canyon (educational specialist, law enforcement ranger); Pinnacles (district ranger, chief of maintenance detail, acting chief ranger); Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (instructor); Glen Canyon (chief ranger); Glacier Bay (superintendent).

33: Maciha, Mark, October 24, 2014
Petrified Forest (seasonal, ranger); Grand Canyon (seasonal); Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (student); Lake Mead; Death Valley (district ranger); Carlsbad Caverns (chief ranger).

34: Martin, Mary, October 31, 2012
Yosemite (personnel officer); Federal Employee Women's Program; Alaska (employee relations training); Mojave.

35: Martin, Richard, October 31, 2012
Olympic (ranger); Mount Rainier (district ranger); Sequoia and Kings Canyon (district ranger; superintendent).

36. Martin, Richard, November 1, 2012
Sequoia (sub-district ranger); Yosemite(district ranger); park medic training; creation of ANPR; Wrangell – St Elias (superintendent).

37. Martin, Richard, September 23, 2013
Wrangell – St Elias (superintendent); WASO (management); Death Valley (superintendent); Sequoia and Kings Canyon (superintendent).

38: Matsumoto, Jenny, October 28, 2016
Denali (McKinley) (concessionaire employee); Lassen (seasonal interpreter); Saguaro (district naturalist); Sequoia and Kings Canyon (interpretation); Yellowstone (interpretation); Crater Lake (administration); dual careers; Saguaro (EEO counselor).

39: McElveen, Scot, November 01, 2012
Great Smoky Mountains (seasonal, back country ranger); Natchez Trace (ranger); Gulf Islands; Cataloochee (ranger); Pictured Rocks (district ranger); Assateague Island; Ranger Careers Initiative; Death Valley (assistant chief ranger, chief ranger); John Day Fossil Beds (chief ranger); Harpers Ferry (chief ranger).

40: McKeeman, Bruce, October 25, 2014
Yellowstone (seasonal); Great Smoky Mountains (intake ranger); Albright Training Center (student); Tonto (ranger); Yosemite (district ranger); National Capital Region (ranger);

41: McKeeman, Georjean, October 22, 2014
Hopewell (junior historian); Albright Training Center (student); Yosemite (seasonal); Hawaii.

42: Mihalic, David, October 25, 2014
Glacier (seasonal); Yellowstone (ranger); Albright Training Center (student); Yosemite.

43: Moses, Dan, October 25, 2014
Shenandoah (seasonal, ranger); Yellowstone (ranger); Dinosaur (district ranger); Lake Chelan (management assistant).

44: Moses, Diane, October 24, 2014
Shenandoah (seasonal fee collector); Yellowstone (Chamber of Commerce visitor’s center; spouse); Dinosaur (spouse); Fish and Wildlife (seasonal); North Cascades (spouse).

45: Mossman, Rick, October 24-26, 2014
Petrified Forest (seasonal); Ford's Theatre (ranger); Bandelier; Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (student); Grand Canyon (supervisory ranger); Yellowstone; Albright Training Center (student); Wrangell-St. Elias (district ranger); Wind Cave (chief ranger); Grand Canyon.

46: Quintana, Ernest, December 11, 2014
Joshua Tree (laborer, superintendent); Saguaro (supervisory ranger, chief ranger); Santa Monica (chief ranger); Midwest Regional Office (regional director).

47: Reed, Bruce, October 31, 2012
Grand Tetons (seasonal ranger); Albright Training Center (intake ranger); Isle Royale; Guadalupe Mountains; Klondike Gold Rush (chief ranger).

48: Reed, Patrick, October 25, 2014
Mt. Rushmore (maintenance); Grand Tetons (trainee); Albright Training Center (student); Sequoia and Kings Canyon (Grant Grove sub-district ranger); Wilson's Creek (management assistant); Cape Hatteras (district ranger); Rocky Mountain (district ranger); Natchez Trace Parkway (chief ranger); Chickamauga (superintendent); Chattanooga (superintendent).

49: Reyer, Eldon, October 28, 2016
Yellowstone (fire guard; seasonal ranger); Big Bend (seasonal horse patrol ranger); Carlsbad (park guide); Big Bend (horse patrol ranger); Canyonlands (ranger); Grand Canyon (training); Mount McKinley (Denali) (ranger); Glen Canyon (district ranger, management assistant); Southwest Regional Office (management assistant); Custer Battlefield (Little Big Horn Battlefield) (superintendent); WASO (legislation and political affairs); Southwest Regional Office (associate regional director).

50: Reyer, Karen, October 28, 2016
Growing up in a NPS family (Glacier, Grand Canyon; Big Bend; Yellowstone); Lon Garrison; Eldon Reyer; Big Bend (spouse); Canyonlands (spouse).

51: Rizzotto, Ed, October 28, 2013
Yellowstone (seasonal ranger); Gateway (unit superintendent); Mid-Atlantic Regional Office (park and recreational technical services, chief ranger); Northeast Regional Office.

52: Roberts, Clair, October 30, 2013
Lake Clark (ranger); Denali (field representative); Yellowstone (seasonal, ranger); Grand Canyon (ranger); Sitka (chief ranger); Yosemite; dual careers.

53: Rothfuss, Edwin, October 29, 2012
Blue Ridge Parkway (ranger); Everglades (ranger); Grand Canyon (naturalist); Mt. Rushmore (superintendent); Death Valley (superintendent); Virgin Islands (chief naturalist); Mammoth Cave; Glacier (chief naturalist).

54: Rousseau, Virginia, November 18, 2014
Lassen Volcanic (seasonal); Arlington House; Yosemite (protection ranger); Federal Law Enforcement Training Center; Sequoia and Kings Canyon (sub- district ranger); Albright Training Center (protection specialist); North Atlantic Regional Office (regional chief ranger); Shenandoah (district leader, chief ranger); dual careers, Dennis Burnett.

55: Smith, Richard, October 30, 2012
Yellowstone (seasonal, ranger); Albright Training Center (instructor); WASO (division of legislation); Everglades (assistant superintendent); Philadelphia Regional Office (associate regional director for operations); Carlsbad Caverns (superintendent); Santa Fe Regional Office (associate regional director for operations, associate regional director for resources management).

56: Stone, Deryl, October 30, 2013
Great Smoky Mountains (park technician); Cape Hatteras; Gateway (natural and cultural resource management, patrol supervisor); Fort Tilden; Pictured Rocks (chief of interpretation); Jefferson National Expansion.

57: Sullivan, Barry, October 30, 2012
Edison (seasonal); Eastern National Parks and Monuments Association; Gateway (district ranger); Blue Ridge Parkway; Delaware Water Gap (sub- district ranger, district ranger).

58: Swed, James (JD), October 31, 2012
Yosemite (ski patrol); Denali (ranger); Grand Tetons (ranger); Yosemite.

59: Thompson, Dale, October 31, 2012
Carlsbad (seasonal); Rainier (seasonal ranger); Grand Tetons (landscape architect); Sequoia (seasonal ranger); Hot Springs (ranger); Big Bend (back country ranger); Albright Training Center (protection instructor).

60: Townsend, Florence, October 29, 2013
Denver Service Center (secretary); Albright Training Center (student); Midwest Regional Office (acting training officer, public affairs officer, assistant regional director).

61: Townsend, John, October 31, 2012
Shenandoah (interpreter, intake ranger program); National Capital Region; Lake Mead; natural resources management specialist training program; Indiana Dunes; Federal Law Enforcement Training Center (instructor).

62: Wade, Bill, November 03, 2012
New Zealand NPS program; Great Smoky Mountains (assistant chief ranger); Wilderness Act; Shenandoah Ranger Rendezvous organization process.

63: Warner, Anne and Warner, Scott, October 25, 2014
Scott: Ocmulgee (seasonal); Blue Ridge Parkway (interpretation); Great Basin; Big Bend (interpreter); Jean Lafitte; Acadia (interpreter, fire specialist); Anne: Acadia (naturalist interpreter).

64: Weesner, Margaret (Meg), October 29, 2012
Glen Canyon (lifeguard); Rocky Mountain (interpretive volunteer); Joshua Tree (park aid, ranger); Federal Law Enforcement Training Center; Delaware Water Gap (resource management trainee); Saguaro (chief of science and resources management).

65: Werst, Lee, October 29, 2012
Gettysburg (seasonal); Independence (historian); National Mall; Carlsbad Caverns (supervisory ranger); Timpanogos Cave (chief of interpretation); Women's Rights (historian).

66: Young, Phillip, October 25, 2014
Custer Battlefield/Little Bighorn (interpreter); Death Valley; Denali (park technician); Tonto; Jean Lafitte (supervisor); Fort Laramie; Santa Monica (supervisory ranger).

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Subseries IV.I: NPS Operational Leadership Program Interviews, 2018

Extent: 64 born-digital files (4.92 GB)
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Administrative History Note

In summer 2018 Mark Herberger, program manager for the NPS Operational Leadership (OL) program, invited Dr. Lu Ann Jones to participate in the OL Summit planned for in Page, Arizona. Held at Glen Canyon NRA in November 2918, the summit marked the program’s tenth anniversary. Herberger asked Jones to conduct oral history interviews at the summit with key people who created and implemented the OL program in the NPS during its first decade.

About a month before the summit Jones contacted Herberger, determined which individuals he wanted interviewed. Narrators supplied biographical sketches, and Jones used online materials, particularly articles from an issue of Ranger magazine devoted to OL, to formulate her interview questions. She interviewed Captain Sara B. Newsom at the Main Interior Building before the summit, as a way to get oriented to key issues. On the opening day of the summit, Jones also facilitated a panel discussion among the narrators discussing their personal connections to OL.

Scope and Content Note

Digital recordings (.wav files) of interviews, transcripts, biographical information, research notes, and abstracts from interviews with key members of the team involved in developing the NPS OL program. In addition to descriptions of individual careers, topics include development and expansion of the OL program; expansion of OL principles to cover sexual harassment and psychological stresses; safety issues at parks and Servicewide; and the long relationship between the US Public Health Service and the NPS and the role that public health officers play in the bureau. Jones' material from the OL summit, including the agenda, talking points and remarks from presenters, and her oral history questions for the interviews, is also included.

Interview Transcripts

01: Geis, Craig, November 14, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

02: Herberger, Mark, December 6, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

03: Newman, Sara, November 8, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

04: Scherier, Cheryl, November 14, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

05: Shott, William, November 14, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

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Subseries IV.J: Telling Our Untold Stories: Civil Rights in the NPS Project, 2018-2023

Extent: 727 born-digital files (112 GB)
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name and thereunder chronologically by date.

Administrative History Note

"Telling our Own Untold Stories: Civil Rights in the National Park Service" began in 2018 when NPS oral historian Dr. Lu Ann Jones began collecting oral history interviews with NPS Civil Rights pioneers, defined as individuals who broke employment barriers of race, ethnicity, gender, and sexuality in the past 50 years and who have worked for change within the agency. The project was part of the NPS Park History Program's effort to use oral history research to document the history of the agency and to make documentation of our own history more diverse, relevant, and inclusive. Some of the interviews were conducted during an oral history training in the NPS Southeast Regional Office in the spring of 2018. Others were conducted with personnel in the Washington Support Office and other locations. Many were conducted remotely during the Coronavirus pandemic or because of geographic distance.

Scope and Content Note

Digital audio files (.wav format), transcripts, research notes, photographs, resumes, and other materials related to the interviews. Photographs provided by some narrators also included. Topics include experiences of women, African Americans, Native Americans, Latinx, and people with disabilities working for the NPS; gender; racism and segregation; discrimination; diversity and inclusion; accessibility; US bicentennial; Covid-19 pandemic; law enforcement; women's NPS uniforms, and park housing. Individuals discussed include former NPS directors Robert Stanton, Roger Kennedy, and Jon Jarvis, Representative James Clyburn, and Patricia Hooks. There is no audio file for the Kelly Spradley-Kurowski interview which was conducted via email.

Interview Transcripts

These transcript summaries provide general overviews of the topics discussed but are not all inclusive.

01: Allen, Michael, June 11, 2020
Personal and family background; experiences of African American employees in NPS; Gullah Geechee culture; Jon Jarvis; Robert Stanton; sesquicentennial of Civil War; Representative James Clyburn; COVID-19 pandemic; segregation; Fort Sumter and Fort Moultrie National Historical Park.

02. Andrade, Ruben, March 9, 2022, March 10, 2022
Transcript not yet described.

03: Austin, Stan, July 21, 2021
Transcript not yet described.

04: Beccue, Shirley Anne, February 23, 2022
Personal and family background; experience as a woman in the NPS; childhood experience; paraplegia; rehabilitation; accessibility; Everglades National Park; interpretation jobs; Hurricane Andrew; relationship with Deb Wade.

05: Beccue, Shirley Anne, March 1, 2022
Experience as a woman in the NPS; role as assistant chief of Interpretation; Deb Wade; people with disabilities; accessibility of parks; gender in NPS; supervisor perspective.

06: Bell, Thaddeus, February 5, 2021
Personal and family background; experiences of African American employees in NPS; childhood experiences; segregation; park ranger at Yosemite; park housing; superintendent Boyd; law enforcement; diversity and inclusion.

07: Bloomer, Raymond, September 17, October 17, and October 19, 2018
Personal and family background; experience as a blind person in NPS; interpreter; chief of interpretation; park ranger; chief ranger; Director Bill Whalen; FDR Junior; Project Access; Section 504.

08: Boose, Lynda, February 8, 2022
Personal and family background; experience as a blind woman in the NPS; childhood experiences; Pepperdine University; teaching job; guide dog; skiing; dispatcher at Isle Royale; visitor services; accessible technology.

09: Bradley, Robert, June 15, 2022
Transcript not yet described.

10: Bratton, Lisa, March 29, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

11: Cheri, Kevin, June 28 and July 5, 2018
Personal and family background; experience of an African American male in the NPS; atmosphere of the NPS; lack of diversity; Buffalo National River; racism; Fort Davis National Historic Site; cultural communities; Roger Kennedy; Patricia Hooks.

12: Clark, Moore, March 29, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

13: Clarke, Victoria, June 21, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

14: Deegan, Alisha, January 21, 2018
Personal and family background; experience of a Native American woman in the NPS; Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara (MHA) Nation; Student Temporary Employment Program; Student Career Employment Program; Mount Rushmore; facilities management; Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site; experience as a superintendent.

15: Durham, Marion Riggs, July 25, 2018
Personal and family background; experience as a woman in the NPS; field work; museum curatorial work; stereotypes about women; second archaeologist in the Park service; Walnut Canyon; scuba for archaeology; park ranger; women’s uniforms in the Park Service; women’s rights.

16: Ekong, Enimini, July 10, 2020
Personal and family background; experience of African American employees in NPS; superintendent at Nicodemus National Historic Site; childhood experience in a dual culture; Mary McLeod Bethune House; Allies for Inclusion; racism in the NPS; dialogical conversations.

17: Elder, Kym, October 29, 2020
Personal and family background; experience of an African American woman in NPS; childhood experience; program manager for the Civil War Defenses of Washington; Bicentennial; her mother as a park ranger; African American history; Superintendent Gentry Davis; Frederick Douglass Home.

18: Ellis, Kay, June 13, 2018
Personal and family background; experience as a person who worked in the NPS accessibility program; Job with the American Red Cross; relationship with David Park; Leisure Information Service; accessibility; complacency; Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).

19: English-Rias, Melissa, March 29, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

20: English-Rias, Melissa, September 16, 2020
Personal and family history; experience of an African American woman in the NPS; Interpretive specialist; Ninety-Six National Historic Site; David Mihalic; challenges of being a supervisor; difficult histories; Mammoth Cave National Park; Martin Luther King Jr. National Park.

21: Etheredge, James, February 5, 2021
Transcript not yet described.

22: Franklin, Tazwell, June 26, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

23: Frost, Lisa C., December 9, 2022
Transcript not yet described.

24: Graham, Keena, July 7, 2020
Personal and family background; experience of an African American woman in the NPS; interpreter; Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial; civil rights movement; Alabama University; racism; African American Employees Resource Group; US Fish & Wildlife Service; Visitor Services Management.

25: Green, Magaly, May 29, 2019
Personal experience and family background; experience of a Hispanic woman in the NPS; Human resources; EEO specialist; Federal Women’s Program; Spanish language; Harpers Ferry Center; racism; accessibility; 2000 conference.

26: Gwaltney, Bill, June 16, June 24, and July 2, 2020
Transcript not yet described.

27: Hernandez, Sandy, July 15, 2020
Transcript not yet described.

28: Houck, Douglas, October 5, 2022
Transcript not yet described.

29: Lane-Kamahele, Melia M., February 16, 2021
Transcript not yet described.

30: Ling, Brenda, June 2, 2021
Transcript not yet described.

31. Masayumptewa, Lloyd, December 15, 2022
Transcript not yet described.

32. Lukin, Maija, February 26, 2021
Transcript not yet described.

33: Manson, John, October 8, 2019
Transcript not yet described.

34: McDonald, George, July 10, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

35: McDowney, Walter, September 15, 2021
Transcript not yet described.

36: McHenry, Nichole, June 30, 2022
Transcript not yet described.

37: McKnight, Beverly, July 5, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

38: Park, David, June 3, June11, and August 24, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

38: Rector, Scott, September 12, 2019
Transcript not yet described.

40: Reynolds, J.T., July 15 and July 20, 2020
Transcript not yet described.

41: Rogers, Ajena Cason, October 8 and November 4, 2020
Transcript not yet described.

42: Routley, Keith, April 30, 2020
Transcript not yet described.

43: Roy, Russell E., July 19, 2018
Transcript not yet described.

44: Smith, Marty, September 3, 2020
Transcript not yet described.

45: Spradley-Kurowski, Kelly, May-June, 2023
Transcript not yet described.

46: Springate, Megan, July 21 and August 3, 2020
Transcript not yet described.

47: Szychowski, Eileen, January 26 and February 1, 2022
Transcript not yet described.

48: Tagger, Barbara, April 22 and April 29, 2022
Transcript not yet described.

49: Vela, David, January 13, 2021
Transcript not yet described.

50. Vela, David, January 25, 2021
Transcript not yet described.

51. Vela, David, February 2, 2021
Transcript not yet described.

52. Vela, David, February 12, 2021
Transcript not yet described.

53. Vela, David, February 19, 2021
Transcript not yet described.

54. Vela, David, February 25, 2021
Transcript not yet described.

55 White, Robin, August 26, August 28, and September 3, 2020
Transcript not yet described.

56: Wooden, Clara, July 18, 2022
Transcript not yet described.

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Subseries IV.K: Women’s Voices: An Oral History of Women in the National Park Service, 2018, 2020-2021

Extent: 302 born-digital files (50.4 GB)
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name and thereunder chronologically by date.

Administrative History Note

In 2020 NPS oral historian Dr. Lu Ann Jones applied for and received a grant from the National Park Foundation for a pilot project to record, transcribe, and preserve the stories of about 15 women who broke employment barriers and worked for change in the NPS. This project was envisioned as a complement to Jones' Telling Our Untold Stories: Civil Rights in the National Park Service Oral History Project.

Although Jones originally planned to travel to Araknsas, Arizona, and Georgia to conduct interviews, travel restrictions as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic caused her to rely on video calls to conduct the interviews in a "face to face" manner while also recording the interviews with a digital recorder to capture archival-quality audio files.

In 2018 Jones advised Mississippi National River and Recreation Area support interviewer Linda Valois on oral history methods and supported transcription of the interview. Because Jones saw the Susan Overson interview that resulted from that assistance as a good female park staff example, she included it with the “Women’s Voices” project rather than her other contemporary interview projects.

Scope and Content Note

Digital audio files (.wav and .MP3 format) of interviews with retired and active women superintendents of national parks. Transcripts, background research, and other supporting information are present. Digital photographs, resumes, and other documents provided by narrators are included where avaiable. In addition to individual career histories, topics discussed include career choice and development, personal connections to natural and cultural resources, and challenges to career advancement and work-life balance.

Interview Transcripts

01. Bartling, Mai-Liis, July 23, 2020
02. Bond, Kathleen, April 24 and April 29, 2020
03. Davis, Wyndreth, June 10 and Jun 17, 2020
04. Gates, Laura, April 2, 2021
05. Gates, Laura, April 19, 2021
06. Griffin, BJ, October 22, 2020
07. Hurst, Susan, July 22, 2020
08. Huyck, Heather, June 17, 2021
09. Huyck, Heather, July 9, 2021
10. Huyck, Heather, July 14, 2021
11. Huyck, Heather, July 28, 2021
12. Kicklighter, Trish, May 13, 2020
13. Koontz, Darlene, May 14 and May 19, 2020
14. Leicester, Martha, July 16 and July 21, 2020
15. Kwart, Mary, February 17, 2021
16. Overson, Susan, October 2, 2018
17. Payne, Cherry, April 30 and May 7, 2020
18. Rudd, Connie, June 5, 2020
19. Rudd, Connie, June 12, 2020
20. Wade, Karen, March 30 and April 5, 2021

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Subseries IV.L: National Heritage Areas Administrative Oral History Project, 2014-2020

Extent: 760 born-digital files (47.6 GB)
Organized into two sub-subseries:
Sub-subseries 1: Oral Interviews
Sub-Subseries 2: Research Notes and Report

Administrative History Note

National Heritage Areas (NHAs) are places where historic, cultural, and natural resources combine to form cohesive, nationally important landscapes. Unlike national parks, NHAs are large lived-in landscapes. Consequently, NHA entities collaborate with communities to determine how to make heritage relevant to local interests and needs. In 1984 the first NHA, Illinois and Michigan Canal National Heritage Area, was signed into law by President Ronald Reagan. In his dedication speech, Reagan referred to NHAs as "a new kind of national park" that married heritage conservation, recreation, and economic development. As of 2021 the program includes 55 NHAs across the country.

Interest in NHA status for each unique area is generated from its community, with assistance from many partners and the National Park Service (NPS). A case is made for its unique attributes to Congress which designates each area with specific legislation. A local entity manages and coordinates the work of the NHA based on a management plan approved by the Secretary of the Interior. National Heritage Areas are not national parks and are not federally owned. They are grassroots, community-driven approaches to heritage conservation and economic development. They are usually partnerships among local community offices and organizations the NPS, and other federal and state agencies. They are administered by an NPS coordinating office in Washington, DC and seven regional offices, as well as park staff.

Antoinette Condo prepared an administrative history to document the NPS role in administration of the NHAs. At the time of her project there were 49 NHAs.

Scope and Content Note

Digital audio recordings (.wav files) and transcripts, and notes related to interviews conducted for Antoinette Condo's administrative history of the NPS National Heritage Program Coordinating Office. Background research and other documents gathered by Condo to prepare the NHAs administrative history are present, including legislation, feasibility studies, management plans, financial records, and other documents related to specific NHAs. Reports from conferences and workshops are present. Contact lists for interviews and Condo's document tracking spreadsheets are included. Summaries, notes, and the draft and final copies of the administrative history report are also included.

Subseries IV.L.1: Oral Interviews, 2015-2020

Extent: 679 born-digital files (47.6 GB)
Arranged alphabetically by narrator surname.

Scope and Content Note

Digital audio recordings (.wav files), interview notes, draft transcripts with narrator comments, final summary transcripts, background research, and biographical information for individuals interviewed for their association with and knowledge of NPS involvement with national heritage areas (NHAs). Interviews with former NPS directors James Ridenour, Fran Mainella, Mary Bomar, and Jon Jarvis and deputy directors Deny Galvin and John Reynolds are included. Associate directors for cultural resources interviewed include Kate Stevenson and Stephanie Stephens. Other NPS Washington and regional office and park staff interviews are also present. Interviews were conducted between 2015 and 2019. No audio file received for Gerald Aldermann. There are no interviews (notes only) for Jeff Reinbold, Marie Rust, Helen Scully, and Robert Stanton. Draft transcript only (no recording) for Debra Weatherly interview.

Interview Transcripts

Digital Access: Available transcripts from this project may be viewed in this album. Individual transcripts can also be accessed by selecting the names below. For access to other born-digital files associated with these interviews contact the archivist.

01: Abbett, Chris, March 1, 2017
02: Adelmann, Gerald, October 4, 2017
03: Barrett, Brenda, February 1, 2015
04: Berry, K. Lynn, February 7, 2017
05: Bomar, Mary A., February 21, 2017
06: Bradley, John, August 9, 2016
07: Brown, Warren, August 22, 2016
08: Carlino, Augie, March 22, 2016
09: Cooley, Randy, August 18, 2016
10: Copping, Suzanne, November 17, 2015
11: Creasey, Michael, October 25, 2016
12: Debo, John, August 16, 2016
13: Diamont, Rolf, November 30, 2016
14: DiBello, Joe, August 16, 2016
15: Dunbar, Keith, August 2, 2016
16: Durcan, Kathleen, December 7, 2016
17: Elkinton, Steve, July 13, 2016
18: Ellin, Phyllis, November 4, 2015
19: Eugster, J. Glenn, December 14, 2015
20: Fagan, Bernard C. "Chick", January 11, 2017
21: Flynn, Charles, June 22, 2016
22: Francis, Phil, March 27, 2017
23: Galvin, Deny, January 20, 2016
24: Gibson, Deirdre, February 22, 2017
25: Harris, Annie, June 27, 2016
26: Hart, Judy, November 16, 2015
27: Healy, Richard, August 17, 2016
28: Hellman, Don, April 20, 2016
29: Hernandez, Alexandra, June 6, 2019
30: Jarvis, Jon, December 9, 2016
31: Kiefhaber, Peter, June 20, 2016
32: Labovitz, Paul, May 2, 2016
33: Lillie, Thomas, August 8, 2016
34: Mahony, Eleanor, July 14, 2016
35: Mainella, Fran, June 29, 2016
36: Mastran, Shelley, April 8, 2016
37: Mitchell, Nora, November 28, 2016
38: Morris, Stephen, July 13, 2015
39: Murray, Ray, December 13, 2016
40: Pepper, James, March 29, 2016
41: Pridemore, Sue, July 27, 2016
42: Raymond, Martha, March 21, 2017
43: Reinbold, Jeff, 2017 [no interview; notes only]
44: Reynolds, John, January 20, 2016
45: Rice, Dan, May 10, 2016
46: Ridenour, James, June 20, 2016
47: Ripps, Alma, July 25, 2016
48: Rust, Marie, 2016 [no interview; notes only]
49: Sachse, Allen, February 13, 2017
50: Samuel, Peter, February 10, 2016
51: Scotten, Heather Passchier, November 23, 2016
52: Scully, Helen, 2017 [no interview; notes only]
53: Shaeffer, Bruce, February 7, 2017
54: Smith, Jon, July 5, 2017
55: Spratt, Michael, July 26, 2016
56: Stanton, Robert, 2017 [no interview; notes only]
57: Stevenson, Kate, January 21, 2016
58: Stokes, Sam, November 18, 2015
59: Stonier, Linda, September 25, 2017
60: Streed, Candy, July 19, 2017
61: Tiller, De Teel Patterson, December 11, 2017
62: Toothman, Stephanie, December 2, 2016
63: Turnbull, Alan, April 27, 2016
64: Vehmeyer, Elizabeth, November 13, 2016
65: Watson, Elizabeth, May 4, 2016
66: Weatherly, Debra, 2017 [no audio; draft transcript only]
67: Williamson, Larry, October 25, 2017

Subseries IV.L.2: Research Notes and Report, 2015-2019

Extent: 81 born-digital files (31.4 MB)
Arranged alphabetically by subject.

Scope and Content Note

Background research and other documents gathered by Antoinette Condo to prepare the NHAs administrative history. Legislation, feasibility studies, management plans, financial records, and other documents related to specific NHAs are included. Reports from conferences and workshops are present. Contact lists for interviews and Condo's document tracking spreadsheets are included. Summaries, notes, and the draft and final copies of the report are also included.

Digital Access: For access to these born-digital files contact the archivist.

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Subseries IV.M: 2013 Government Shutdown Oral History Project, 2014

Extent: 96 born-digital files (2.92 GB)
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Administrative History Note

After the end of the sixteen-day partial government shutdown in October 2013, NPS Director Jonathan B. Jarvis asked the Park History Program to prepare an “after action” study for the event, describing how the bureau responded and to provide lessons learned for future NPS leaders. Although the October 2013 shutdown was the first since the two shutdowns in FY1996, there had been 18 shutdowns since the 1970s, suggesting that an analysis could be useful to NPS management.

In March 2014 the after action study began by collecting all written guidance and direction for shutdown received from the White House, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and the Department of the Interior (DOI), as well as written communications from NPS to regions, parks, and programs. This work excluded materials generated in response to congressional inquiries generated as a result of the October 16, 2013 congressional hearings. Evaluation of the various media coverage of impacts of the shutdown on NPS units, their visitors, and their communities was hampered because no single NPS office had been designated to retain a collection of media reports. In addition, there are few existing models for evaluating the impact of traditional and social media on NPS.

After consultation with Chief of Staff Maureen Foster, NPS staff historians Dr. Lu Ann Jones and John H. Sprinkle, Jr. conducted interviews with essential headquarters personnel. To gather a record of the experiences of the front line staff, the Park History Program developed and distributed a web-based survey to all employees who were not furloughed during the partial shutdown.

Scope and Content Note

Digital audio files (.wav format) and transcripts of oral history interviews with senior NPS managers regarding the 2013 partial government shutdown impacts on the NPS. Narrators include Shane Compton, associate director for Information Resources; Karen Cucurullo, deputy superintendent for operations on the National Mall; Maureen Foster, chief of staff for the NPS director; Rachel Jacobson, acting assistant secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks at the DOI; Jon Jarvis, director; Melissa Kuckro, senior legislative affairs specialist; Lena McDowall, associate director for Business Services; Michael Litterest, acting chief spokesperson for the NPS; Peggy O'Dell, deputy director; C. Bruce Sheaffer, comptroller; Grace Stephens, management assistant; and Cam Sholly, associate director for Visitor and Resource Protection. In addition to individual career histories, topics include the 1996 government shutdowns, actions during the October 2013 partial government shutdown, and media coverage. Documents associated with preparing the after action report, employee survey, and background research into government shutdowns are also present.

Interview Transcripts

01. Compton, Jeffery Shane, May 30, 2014
02. Cucurullo, Karen C., July 16, 2014
03. Foster, Maureen, May 16, 2014
04. Jacobson, Rachel, July 21, 2014
05. Jarvis, Jonathan B., May 19, 2014
06. Kuckro, Melissa Rice, June 20, 2014
07. McDowall, Lena, May 20, 2014
08. Litterst, Michael, May 28, 2014
09. O’Dell, Peggy, May 19 and May 20, 2014
10. Shaeffer, Bruce and Stephens, Grace, May 20, 2014
11. Sholly, Cameron, May 27, 2014

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Series V: Other Oral History Interviews with NPS Staff and Associated Persons, 1954-2005 (bulk dates: 1960-1986)

Volume of series: 5.2 LF
Arranged in into four subseries as follows:
Subseries A: Albert C. Manucy's Interviews with NPS Staff, 1969-1971
Subseries B: Dr. Charles B. Hosmer's Oral History Projects, 1961-1986
Subseries C: Transcripts from the Regional Oral History Program (Bancroft Library) Interviews with NPS Staff, 1960-1976
Subseries D: General Interviews with NPS Staff and Affiliated Individuals, 1954-2005

Scope and Content Note

Recordings and transcripts of oral history interviews by NPS employees and affiliated individuals and organizations. Transcripts from interviews conducted by Dr. Charles B. Hosmer and the Regional Oral History Program at the Bancroft Library were provided to the NPS through transcript exchange agreements. Interviews by Albert C. Manucy do not have common research themes and appear to be ad hoc interviews with his acquaintances. Also includes general interviews conducted by various interviewers which are not part of larger projects. Correspondence primarily concerning the interviews is present in some files.

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Subseries V.A: Albert C. Manucy Interviews with NPS Staff, 1969-1971

Volume of subseries: 1.2 LF
Organized into two sub-subseries by format as follows:
Sub-subseries 1: Oral History Recordings
Sub-subseries 2: Interview Transcripts.

Biographical Note

Albert C. Manucy was born in St. Augustine, Florida in 1910. He received a MA in History from the University of Florida in 1934 and began working for Florida Works Progress Administration (WPA) project 194, conducting historical research on Fort Jefferson. Following completion of the WPA project, Manucy began working for the NPS at Castillo de San Marcos. He became one of Florida's most important early historians for Spanish Colonial Florida and Saint Augustine architecture, studying the latter on a Fulbright Scholarship. Manucy served as the historian at the Castillo de San Marcos until 1966 when he became a curator for the Southeast Regional Office. Throughout his 33-year career, he worked as a historian, restoration specialist, and museum planner.

Among his published works are The Houses of Saint Augustine, 1566-1821, Sixteenth Century Saint Augustine: The People and Their Homes, The Building of Castillo de San Marcos, and Artillery Through the Ages. He also won awards from the Florida Trust for Historic Preservation and the Eastern National Parks and Monuments Association. Manucy was granted the Order of La Florida by the city of St. Augustine and is listed as a Great Floridian in the "Great Floridian 2000" program, created to pay tribute to notable residents of Florida. He died in 1997.

Manucy collected these oral histories during his "field trips" and provided copies to the NPS Archives (now the NPS History Collection). Common themes are not readily apparent among these interviews and it does not appear that the oral histories were collected as part of a specific project.

Scope and Content Note

Oral history recordings, draft and final transcripts, and correspondence primarily concerning preparation of transcripts. Interviews do not appear to be part of a cohesive project although several of the interviews were with individuals Manucy knew through his associations with Fort Jefferson (now Dry Tortugas National Park) and Castillo de San Marcos. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) is discussed in a couple of interviews. The short interview with Freeman Tilden does not address fundamentals of NPS interpretation or its history, focusing primarily on speeches and doomsday predictions.

Subseries V.A.1: Oral History Recordings, 1969-1971

Volume of sub-subseries: 0.8 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Scope and Content Note

Reel-to-reel recordings of oral history interviews conducted by Manucy. Interviewees included Herbert Kahler, Freeman Tilden, and Ted Davenport. Three interviews (DeWeese, Edwards, and Meanerham) include the spouses in the recording. Topics include the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC); living conditions at Fort Jefferson (now Dry Tortugas National Park); Eastern National Parks and Monuments Association; bears; and the Association for Interpretation (AIN). For description of interview contents, see Subseries V.A.2: Interview Transcripts below.

Subseries V.A.2: Interview Transcripts, 1969-1971

Volume of sub-subseries: 0.4 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Scope and Content Note

Final transcripts, correspondence regarding transcripts, and draft transcripts with narrator corrections. Interviews focus primarily on individual careers and parks in the NPS Southeast Region, including Blue Ridge Parkway, Fort Jefferson, Everglades, Fort Caroline, Castillo de San Marcos, Virgin Islands, and San Juan. A few interviews discuss experiences in western or northeastern parks, as well as regional offices and the Washington office. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) experiences are also described.

Interview Transcripts

01: Davenport, L. T. (Ted), February 15, 1971
"Forty Years in the Wrong Service?"; Great Smoky Mountains (timekeeper, Civilian Conservation Corps); Natchez Trace (administrative officer); Rocky Mountain (administrative officer); Prince William Forest (superintendent); Ozark National Scenic Riverways (superintendent, public relations); Castillo de San Marcos (superintendent); Ross Eakin; Malcolm Gardner; Joe Hall; George Hartzog; Sutton Jett; Tom Vint.

02: DeWeese, John and DeWeese, Laurie, January 25, 1971
"Twelve Years at the Dry Tortugas." Fort Jefferson (boat captain, superintendent); Fort Caroline (superintendent); Everglades (management assistant); Moore's Creek. Details the unusual problems encountered at Fort Jefferson.

03: Edwards, Steve and Edwards, Nancy, March 27, 1971
Beginnings, development, and operation of Virgin Islands National Park; Southeast Region (Job Corps coordinator).

04: Glover, Herschel, October 30, 1970
Civilian Conservation Corps; Shiloh (park ranger); Fort Frederica (superintendent).

05: Holder, Richard (Dick), March 08, 1971
"Dick Holder of the NPS." Blue Ridge Parkway (park ranger); Theodore Roosevelt (park ranger); Yellowstone (park ranger); Scott's Bluff (superintendent); Agate Fossil Beds; Washington Office; Richmond Regional Office.

06: Kahler, Herbert, July 01, 1971
Civilian Conservation Corps (historical technician); St. Augustine (superintendent); Castillo de San Marcos (superintendent); Fort Jefferson (superintendent); Morristown (superintendent); WASO (chief historian); Eastern National Parks and Monument Association (founder and chairman).

07: Manucy, Will, October 28, 1970
Castillo de San Marcos (guide).

08: Meanerham, Bill and Meanerham, Florence, June 30, 1971
WASO (assistant clerk); Vanderbilt Mansion; Salem Maritime; St. Augustine (clerk, chief clerk, assistant superintendent); Kennesaw (acting superintendent); Richmond Regional Office.

09: Robinson, Don, January 18, 1971
"Bear Stories." Glacier National Park (ranger); Blue Ridge Parkway.

10: Tilden, Freeman, December 01, 1969
Association for Interpretation (AIN); doomsday predictions; speeches at the University of Florida Forestry School and Harpers Ferry Center; Wayne Bryant.

11: Torres-Reyes, Ricardo, July 06, 1971
San Juan (historical technician); Tumacacori (history and historic architecture).

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Subseries V.B: Dr. Charles B. Hosmer Oral History Projects, 1961-198

Volume of subseries: 1.4 LF
Organized into two sub-subseries by project as follows:
Sub-subseries 1: Transcripts of Interviews with NPS Staff, 1961-1972
Sub-subseries 2: History of the Preservation Movement Interview Transcripts, 1981-1986

Biographical Note

Dr. Charles B. Hosmer, Jr., was born in Naples, Italy in 1932, but was raised in Washington, DC. In 1953 he graduated with a BA from Principia College in Illinois. He received his MA (1956) and PhD (1961) from Columbia University. From 1961-1992 he was a professor of history at Principia College. He became nationally known as the historian of the preservation movement in the United States.

As part of his research, Hosmer conducted many oral histories with leading preservationists, including NPS staff. He published two pioneering works in the field, Presence of the Past: A History of the Preservation Movement in the United States before Williamsburg and Preservation Comes of Age: From Williamsburg to the National Trust, 1926-1949. He was also honored with special awards for service from the Eastern National Parks and Monuments Association as Distinguished Associate (1981), and from the American Association for State and Local History. Hosmer retired from Principia College as the Jay P. Walker Chair in History in June 1993. He died in August 1993.

Sources:

http://content.principia.edu/sites/maybeck/home1/historic-district/charles-bridgham-hosmer-jr/ (accessed June 7, 2017)

http://www.nypap.org/preservation-history/charles-bridgham-hosmer-jr/ (accessed June 7, 2017)

Scope and Content Note

Transcripts of oral history interviews with general NPS staff and interviews conducted specifically to document the history of the preservation movement in the United States.

Subseries V.B.1: Transcripts of Interviews with NPS Staff, 1961-1972

Volume of sub-subseries: 0.6 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Administrative History Note

Transcripts of NPS staff interviewed by Dr. Charles Hosmer and provided to the NPS Archives (now the NPS History Collection) as part of an exchange agreement. Although the interviews were conducted in the 1960s and early 1970s, Hosmer provided the transcripts for the NPS to copy during 1973, which coincides with the second phase of S. Herbert Evison's NPS Oral History Project. The exchange agreement was coordinated between Hosmer and Dr. David H. Wallace, chief of the branch of museum operations at HFC. Under the agreed upon exchange, narrators were asked permission for the NPS to hold and use the transcript subject to the condition that permission to quote directly must be obtained from the director of HFC. Signed permission forms to that effect were returned for only twelve of the interviews.

Scope and Content Note

Oral history interview transcripts from interviews conducted by Hosmer. Topics include preservation, early historic sites, and the NPS role in historic preservation. Also includes correspondence with some of the individuals interviewed. Significant individuals interviewed include former NPS director Horace M. Albright, Roy Appleman, Verne Chatelain, Herbert Kahler, Ronald F. Lee, Albert Manucy, and Charles Peterson, among others.

Interview Transcripts

01: Albright, Horace M., December 2, 1969
Correspondence; Charles Peterson; Yellowstone (superintendent); Colonial; Verne Chatelain; Historic Sites Act of 1935; Stephen T. Mather; WASO (acting director); John D. Rockefeller; Williamsburg tapes; Charles Moore; Commission of Fine Arts; Elbert Cox; Shenandoah Park; Appomattox; Morristown; Herbert Hoover; Franklin D. Roosevelt; Frederick Olmsted; American National Council; American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society.

02: Appleman, Roy, April 15, 1970
Correspondence; Civilian Conservation Corps; Richmond Regional Office (regional supervisor of historic sites/regional historian); Verne Chatelain; Historic Sites Act National Survey; preservation in cities.

03: Bryan, John Albury, August 25, 1969
American Institute of Architects; Historic Sites Act of 1935; Jefferson National Expansion; Charles Peterson; Missouri Historical Society; Campbell House.

04: Bullock, Orin, July 28, 1970
Williamsburg; restoration work; Ludwell-Paradise House; Wren Building; Appomattox; Charles Peterson; Lightfoot House.

05: Chatelain, Verne, September 9, 1961
WASO (chief historian); Harold C. Bryant's educational program; starting a historic education program; Morristown; Williamsburg; Historic Sites Act of 1935; NPS Advisory Board; Wakefield Memorial Association; Arno Cammerer; Arthur Demaray; Colonial; Shenandoah.

06: Chatelain, Verne, September 17, 1971
Horace Albright; Colonial; Morristown; Congressman Maverick; Historic Site Act of 1935; Senator Harry Byrd; Senator Dennis Chavez; Arthur Demaray.

07: Cox, Elbert, May 9, 1970
Colonial (assistant historian, superintendent); Yorktown Sesquicentennial; Williamsburg; Morristown.

08: Drury, Newton B., 1972
Correspondence only. No transcript found.

09: Erb, Albert, July 31, 1970
Correspondence; George Washington Birthplace reconstruction work; Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS); Edward Donn.

10: Harrington, J.C., May 18, 1970
Colonial (Jamestown); Elbert Cox; Ellen Bagby; Flickinger trial.

11: Kahler, Herbert, June 19, 1970
Correspondence; Independence; San Jose Mission; Congressman Maverick; Vanderbilt Mansion; WASO (history division); Verne Chatelain; Colonial (superintendent); Elbert Cox.

12: Lee, Ronald F., August 17, 1962
Civilian Conservation Corps (historical foreman); Herbert Kahler; WASO (historical division); Historical Sites Act of 1935; Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS).

13: Lee, Ronald F., June 29, 1970
Correspondence; National Survey of Historic Sites and Buildings; Appomattox; McLean House; National Council for Historic Sites and Buildings; National Trust; American Association for State and Local History; San Jose Mission; Vanderbilt Mansion.

14: Lewis, Ralph, December 16,1969
Correspondence; WASO (museum division); "Museum News" publication; Ford's Theater; Jefferson National Expansion.

15: Manucy, Albert, November 11, 1972
Civilian Conservation Corps; Fort Jefferson; "Seeing St. Augustine" publication; "Outline of Latin American History" publication.

16: Neasham, Aubrey, July 26, 1971
Correspondence; Golden Gate; Cabrillo; Death Valley; Historic Sites Advisory Committee; Monterey History and Art Association; Santa Fe Regional Office (regional historian); San Francisco Regional Office (regional historian); Columbia Historical Association.

17: Peterson, Charles, February 9, 1970
Correspondence; Wind Cave; Colonial; Colonial Sesquicentennial; WASO (chief of building and design, eastern division director of plans and designs); Jefferson National Expansion; Historic Sites and Buildings Act of 1935; Morristown; Yorktown; Historic Acts Building Survey; Tumacacori; Society of Architectural Historians.

18: Porter, Charles, April 20, 1970
Correspondence; Civilian Conservation Corps (historian); Cape Hatteras lighthouse; Appomattox; Wakefield; Newton B. Drury; Vanderbilt; NPS Advisory Board.

19: Rath, Frederick, August 5, 1969
Morristown (ranger-historian); Fort Pulaski (associate historian); Vicksburg (historian); Ford Mansion; WASO (historic site survey reports); New York State Historical Association.

20: Small, Edwin, August 2, 1961
Emergency Conservation Work (regional historian); National Survey of Historic Sites; Historic Sites Act of 1935.

21: Webb, Mrs. Walter, June 28, 1971
Mrs. Walter Webb's recollections of her late husband Congressman Maury Maverick's work in preservation in San Antonio; Secretary Ickes; Ronald Lee; National Trust; San Jose Mission.

Subseries V.B.2: History of the Preservation Movement Interview Transcripts, 1981-1986

Volume of sub-subseries: 0.8 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Administrative History Note

In 1980, Eastern National Parks and Monuments Association (ENP&MA) contracted with Dr. Charles B. Hosmer to conduct oral history interviews on the evolution of the historic preservation movement in the United States from 1950-1980. Hosmer began recording in 1981, eventually interviewing 84 of the most influential men and women of the modern historic preservation movement.

In late 1984 ENP&MA began looking for a suitable repository for the interview tapes and transcripts. NPS Historian Ed Bearss suggested the NPS Archives (now the NPS History Collection) at HFC. On May 1, 1985, ENP&MA offered the collection as an unrestricted gift to the NPS. It was understood that the NPS would be responsible for obtaining signed releases and as contacts with narrators were subsequently made, confusion arose regarding Hosmer's "public release date" and requests were received to place "temporary holds" on several of the transcripts. Concern over the NPS's ability to honor the donor requests led to most of the material being returned to ENP&MA in 1988. The collection was subsequently deposited in the Special Collections at the University of Maryland Libraries. Copies of unrestricted transcripts from interviews with some NPS staff were, however, retained by HFC.

Scope and Content Note

Transcripts of interviews with NPS employees conducted in the 1980s and related to the history of the preservation movement in the United States. Significant individuals interviewed include former NPS directors Horace M. Albright and George B. Hartzog, Jr., Ernest Connally, Herbert Kahler, George Palmer, Charles Peterson, and Robert Utley, among others.

Interview Transcripts

01: Albright, Horace M., March 23, 1981
Preservation Comes of Age book; Yorktown; Jamestown; Williamsburg; Secretary Harold Ickes.

02: Batcheler, Penelope, June 17, 1982
Also includes segments with David Dutcher (historian); Independence (restoration).

03: Biddle, Thomas, June 18, 1982
National Trust (president); Metropolitan Museum; Hawaii (Diamond Head).

04: Boasburg, Tersh, July 27, 1981
Mary Ann Beinecke; District of Columbia Historical Society; preservation action.

05: Connally, Ernest, July 28. 1981
Society of Architectural Historians; Conrad L. Wirth; George B. Hartzog; Mission 66; Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS); Williamsburg; National Trust; National Register of Historic Landmarks; WASO (office of archeology and historic preservation).

06: Cox, Elbert, July 5, 1983
Yorktown (superintendent); Morristown; Richmond Regional Office (assistant regional director, regional director); Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities; Jamestown.

07: Feiss, Carl, July 20, 1981
Connecticut Development Committee; Columbia University; Region III National Resources Planning Board; Georgetown; Denver Art Museum (president); Slum Clearance and Urban Redevelopment Program; President's Advisory Committee on Housing Policies and Programs (technical advisor).

08: Fitch, James, June 21, 1982
Columbia University; Charles Peterson; architectural preservation.

09: Garvey, Robert, August 4, 1981
Old Salem preservation project; National Trust (executive director); National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966; NPS Advisory Council.

10: Gray, Gordon, September 11, 1981
National Trust (trustee, chairman); National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966.

11: Hartzog, George, August 5, 1981
Jefferson National Expansion; Historic Sites Act of 1935; National Trust; Gordon Gray; National Park Service reorganization; Mission 66.

12: Kahler, Herbert, August 1, 1981
Eastern National Parks and Monuments Association; Fort Jefferson; Conrad Wirth; Fort Caroline; Frederick Douglass; Theodore Roosevelt Home; National Trust; preservation action; Ronald F. Lee.

13: Latimer, Truett, March 10, 1981
National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA); Texas Historical Commission; NPS grants; National Register; Texas historical sites state survey; American Association for State and Local History; Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation.

14: Lee, Charles, March 10, 1981
Charleston, South Carolina; Historic Sites Act of 1966; National Register.

15: Nelson, Lee, September 17, 1982
Preservation technology; Independence; Yorktown; Charles Peterson.

16: Palmer, George, June 15, 1982
Ronald F. Lee; Vanderbilt; Philadelphia Regional Office; Mission 66; Conrad Wirth; Robert Utley; Preservation Act of 1966.

17: Peterson, Charles, June 17, 1982
Independence; Philadelphia Customs House; Fort McHenry; Columbia University; Virgin Islands; Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS).

18: Utley, Robert, June 17, 1986
Custer Battlefield (now Little Bighorn) (seasonal historical aide); Roy Appleman; Mission 66; Santa Fe Regional Office (Historic Sites Survey historian); NPS Advisory Board; Tumacacori; WASO (chief historian); Bent's Old Fort; National Register; National Historic Preservation Program; National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA); National Trust.

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Subseries V.C: Transcripts from Regional Oral History Program (Bancroft Library) Interviews with NPS Staff, 1960-1976

Volume of subseries: 1.4 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Administrative History Note

In 1954 the Regional Oral History Office was established at the University of California-Berkeley's Bancroft Library to conduct interviews with leading citizens of the West. The Center's Amelia K. Fry conducted an interview with NPS Director Newton Drury as early as 1960. A joint interview with directors Drury and Albright was conducted in 1962. She also recorded an interview with Director George B. Hartzog in April 1965. As part of its series of interviews on conservation history, the Regional Oral History Office interviewed a number of other NPS staff in the 1960s, including Harold C. Bryant, Carl Russell, Ansel F. Hall, S. Herbert Evison, and Francis Farquhar, among others.

In September 1967 NPS Director George B. Hartzog tasked his special assistant, Cornelius W. Heine, with creating an archive for the NPS and to begin an oral history program. Heine also almost immediately reached out to his friends and former NPS directors Horace M. Albright and Newton B. Drury for advice and to schedule interviews. On September 27, 1967, Albright responded with detailed information about his knowledge of oral history work being conducted around the NPS and to provide recommendations for individuals that could help the new official enterprise. Recognizing Amelia Fry’s experience interviewing NPS and US Forest Service employees on conservation-related issues and describing her as a “remarkable woman,” Albright suggested that Heine “give her a collaborator appointment” to cover costs for her to attend a meeting in Washington, DC.

Although the study undertaken to develop the NPS Archive progressed slowly, Heine began to move forward with the oral history program. The Government did pay for Mrs. Fry to travel to Washington, DC in November 1967, to meet with Heine and discuss the approaches for the new program. She continued to correspond, advise, and occasionally meet with Heine throughout 1968. In July 1968, the NPS entered into a cooperative agreement with the Regional Oral History Office to exchange interview transcripts. The first copies the NPS provided to the Bancroft Library were Evison's 1962-1963 transcripts which addressed western park issues. Throughout the late 1970s and early 1980s, the NPS also sporadically continued its relationship with the Regional Oral History Office, including paying them for an interview and transcript with George L. Collins.

Although the Regional Oral History Office sought permission of the narrators to deposit copies of the transcripts with the NPS, it retained authority over the transcripts and no portion of the transcripts in this subseries can be quoted without permission of the director of the Bancroft Library. The NPS is limited to providing copies for research use only and all researchers are responsible for contacting the Bancroft Library for any other uses or for access to the sound recordings.

Scope and Content Note

Transcripts of oral history interviews with NPS staff and associated individuals conducted by Amelia Fry and others from the Regional Oral History Office at the University of California, Berkeley's Bancroft Library in the 1960s and 1970s. Bound volumes often contain supplemental information such as introductions, copies of articles, biographical information, news clippings or obituaries, and photographs. Unbound copies of some interviews are also present. Key figures include former NPS directors Horace M. Albright and Newton B. Drury.

Interview Transcripts

01: Albright, Horace M. and Drury, Newton B., 1962
"Comments on Conservation, 1900-1960." American Planning and Civic Association; Isaac Walton League; National Audubon Society; National Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission; National Park Association; National Trust for Historic Preservation; Save-the-Redwoods League; Sierra Club; Wilderness Society; Ansel Adams; John Baker; Harold Ickes; Stephen T. Mather; John C. Merriam; the Roosevelts; Conrad Wirth; Robert Sterling Yard; Hetch Hetchy; Kennedy administration in conservation; lobbying for conservation; NPS management issues; Wilderness Act; and various NPS parks, government agencies, and other organizations. Bound volume includes articles and reprints by Albright and others.

02: Bryant, Harold C. and Drury, Newton B., 1964
"Development of the Naturalist Program in the National Park Service." Committee on Education in the National Parks; Lake Tahoe resorts naturalist talks; National Park Service Advisory Board; National Parks Association; Sierra Club; Horace Albright; William Jennings Bryan; C.M. Goethe; Ed Mckee; William McKinley; Stephen T. Mather; Loye Miller; Elihu Root; George Ruhle; Louis Schellbach; Gunnar Widfors; Ray Lyman Wilbur; Robert Sterling Yard; and various national parks, museums, and other institutions. Bound volume includes article by Harold C. Bryant and his obituary.

03: Chaney, Ralph Works, January 15, 1960
Paleobotanist and conservationist at the University of California, Berkeley; Civilian Conservation Corps. (CCC); Curry Company; Jackson Lake; John Day Basin; Manhattan Project; Save-the-Redwoods League; Sierra Club; U.S. Geological Survey; Senator William E. Borah; J.H. Bretz; Newton Drury; Dwight D. Eisenhower; Marshall Field; Joseph Grinnell; Warren G. Harding; Herbert Hoover; Harold Ickes; Senator Robert Kennedy; Alfred Knopf; Senator Joseph McCarthy; the Roosevelts; Woodrow Wilson; Henry Edgar Wirth; Governor John Winthrop; US Forest Service; New Deal; Spanish American War; World War I; and various NPS parks, museums, universities, and committees.

04: Coffman, John D., 1973
"Forest Protection in the National Parks" with introduction by Horace Albright. Chief forester; American Planning and Civic Association; Civil Works Administration; Civilian Conservation Corps; US Forest Service and National Park Service relations with Congress; landscape architecture; National Park Courier; Parkway and Recreation Study Act; Horace M. Albright; George F. Baggley; Harold C. Bryant; Victor H. Cahalane; Arno B. Cammerer; Howard H. Chapman; Verne Chatelain; Frank W. Childs; Lawrence F. Cook; Arthur E. Demaray; Joseph Dixon; Newton B. Drury; Robert Fechner; Harold L. Ickes; Senator Henry M. Jackson; Starker Leopold; Herbert Maier; Stephen T. Mather; Lawrence Merriam; George Miller; Jesse L. Nusbaum; Carl P. Russell; Richard Russell; Roger Toll; Hillory Tolson; Thomas C. Vint; Conrad L. Wirth; George M. Wright; blister rust; use of DDT; fire principles and events; grazing; hunting; logging; soil conservation; construction; type mapping; water conservation; wildlife management; and various other individuals, organizations, and national parks. Bound volume includes articles and correspondence.

05: Drury, Newton Bishop, 1972
"Parks and Redwoods, 1919-1971", introduction by Horace M. Albright and DeWitt Nelson. Drury Advertising Company; land appraisal and acquisition; Audubon Society; Avenue of the Giants; Civilian Conservation Corps; commercial pressures and values; concessions; Five-year Master Plan; House Committee on Public Lands; House Appropriation Committee; US Department of Interior and hearings; Izaak Walton League; Land and Water Conservation Fund; Mission 66; National Park Association; National Park Concessions, Inc.; Bureau of Outdoor Recreation; Parkway and Recreation Area Study Act; recreation demonstration areas; Redwood Region Conservation Conference; Redwoods Park Commission; Reorganization Act of 1933; Save-the-Redwoods League; Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs; Wilderness Society; World Conference on National Parks; and various parks, individuals, agencies, laws, newspapers, and organizations.

06: Evison, S. Herbert and Drury, Newton B., 1963
'The National Park Service and the Civilian Conservation Corps." American Planning and Civic Association; American Scenic and Historic Preservation Society; National Outdoor Recreation Resources Review Commission; National Park Association; Save-the-Redwoods League; Sierra Club; Ansel Adams; John Baker; Edmund "Pat" Brown; Harold C. Bryant; Madison Grant; George Bird Grinnell; Stephen T. Mather; J. Horace McFarland; C. Hart Merriam; John C. Merriam; the Rockefellers; the Roosevelts; Conrad Wirth; Robert Sterling Yard; Kennedy administration in conservation; and various individuals, national and state parks, agencies, and organizations.

07: Farquhar, Francis P., 1960
"On Accountancy, Mountaineering, and the National Parks." Accountancy Act of 1945; Save the Redwoods League; Horace Albright; Albert B. Fall; Hetch Hetchy; Harold L. Ickes; Stephen T. Mather; John Muir; Jessie Nusbaum; George Herbert Palmer; the Roosevelts; and other various individuals, accounting organizations, mountaineering clubs, and other associations.

08: French, Enoch Percival and Drury, Newton B., 1963
"Cruising and Protecting the Redwoods of Humboldt." California organizations; Delnorte Lumber Company; Pacific Lumber Company; Sage Land & Improvement Company; Save The Redwoods League; United States Geologic Survey; Clifford Allen; W.J. Curry; Emanuel Fritz; Jack Hunt; E.J. James; Glen Jones; J.P. Mahan; Laura Mahan; John C. Merriam; Jake Poole; Charles D. Wing; erosion control; flood control; timber cruising methods; and various national and state parks.

09: Fritz, Emanual, 1972
"Teacher, Editor, and Forestry Consultant." Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Bethlehem Steel Company; Biggar Committee; US Biological Survey; Civilian Conservation Corps; Save The Redwoods League; H.H. Chapman; Newton B. Drury; Harold Ickes; L.F. Kneipp; John Muir; the Roosevelts; S.B. Show; William Howard Taft; James W. Toumey; the Vanderbilts; and other various individuals, national and state parks and forests, laws, timber companies,and organizations.

10: Hartzog, George B., 1973
"The National Parks, 1965." NPS Advisory Board; Antiquities Act; US Congress; U.S. Forest Service; Historic Sites Act of 1935; US Department of Interior; Land and Water Conservation Fund; Mission 66; National Park Advisory Board on Wildlife Management; Outdoor Recreation and Resources Review Commission; Parks for America; Save The Redwoods League; US Senate; Sierra Club; Urban Renewal Administration; Wilderness Act; Wilderness Conference; Newton B. Drury; Stewart Udall; Conrad Wirth; and various national parks.

11: Kneipp, Leon F., 1976
"Land Planning and Acquisition, US Forest Service." Bull Moose Movement; Central Pacific Railroad; Civilian Conservation Corps; General Land Office; Homestead Act; National Conference on Outdoor Recreation; National Park Association; Northern Pacific Railroad; Save The Redwoods League; Second World Forestry Congress; Sierra Club; Southern Pacific Railroad; Wilderness Act; Works Progress Administration; Horace M. Albright; Calvin Coolidge; Helen Gahagan Douglas; Dwight D. Eisenhower; Colonel Ed Fletcher; James R. Garfield; Warren G. Harding; Herbert Hoover; Harold Ickes; Stephen T. Mather; the Roosevelts; William H. Taft; the Wallaces; Conrad Wirth; various individuals, national and state parks and forests; laws, government agencies, and timber organizations and associations.

12: Miller, Loye Holmes, 1970
"The Interpretive Naturalist." Horace M. Albright; Harold Bryant; Albert Fall; C.M. Goethe; Joseph Grinnell; Stephen T. Mather; C. Hart Merriam; John Campbell Merriam; Enid Michael; Enid Millspaugh; teaching philosophy; and various other individuals.

13: Show, S. Bevier, 1965
"National Forests in California." Civilian Conservation Corps; Forest Reserve Authorization Act; Outdoor Recreational Resources Review Commission; Sierra Club; John Coffman; Newton B. Drury; US Congressman Al Elliot; Francis Farquhar; Robert E. Fechner; U.S. Congressman Bud Gearhart; Harold L. Ickes; Evan Kelly; Stephen T. Mather; Frederick Law Olmsted; Franklin D. Roosevelt; Secretary of Agriculture Henry Wallace; Charles Young; Muir Trail; and various other individuals, laws, and forestry associations and organizations.

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Subseries V.D: General Interviews with NPS Staff and Affiliated Individuals, 1954-2005

Volume of subseries: 1.2 LF
Organized into two sub-subseries by format:
Sub-subseries 1: Oral History Recordings
Sub-subseries 2: Interview Transcripts.

Scope and Content Note

Recordings and transcripts of oral history interviews created by a variety of interviewers and which do not appear to be part of larger research projects. Most narrators are former NPS staff but also includes interviews with land donors and other affiliated individuals. Interviewers were often undertaken by park staff and copies were provided to NPS History Collection for use. Reel-to-reel and audiocassette tape formats present. Note that the NPS History Collection does not possess tapes for all interviews.

Subseries V.D.1: Oral History Recordings, 1954-2005

Volume of sub-subseries: 0.6 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Scope and Content Note

Reel-to-reel and audiocassette recordings of oral history interviews. Individuals interviewed include Ann Baugh, Terry Carlstrom, Herford Cowling, Cecil Doty, William C. Everhart, Lemuel (Lon) Garrison, Charles M. Goethe, Herbert Kahler, Albert Manucy, Merrill Mattes, Wilfred Logan, and Charles Peterson, among others. Topics discussed include the Association of National Park Rangers (ANPR); Albright Training Center; Denver Service Center; Mission 66; creation of Herbert Hoover Birthplace NHS; Civilian Works Administration (CWP); Works Progress Administration (WPA); and development of Colonial Parkway. Individual careers and experiences at parks, regional offices, and the Washington Office are discussed. For description of interview contents, see Subseries V.D.2: Interview Transcripts below.

Subseries V.D.2: Interview Transcripts, 1954-2005

Volume of sub-subseries: 0.6 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Scope and Content Note

Transcripts of recordings of oral history interviews. Individuals interviewed include Ann Baugh, Terry Carlstrom, Herford Cowling, Cecil Doty, William C. Everhart, Lemuel (Lon) Garrison, Charles M. Goethe, Herbert Kahler, Albert Manucy, Merrill Mattes, Wilfred Logan, and Charles Peterson, among others. Interviewees held positions such as superintendents, assistant regional directors, regional directors, chief rangers, park naturalists, historians and center directors. Herford Cowling was an early NPS photographer. Charles Goethe initiated interpretive programs in the NPS. Topics discussed in the various interviews include the Association of National Park Rangers (ANPR); Albright Training Center; Denver Service Center; Midwest Archeological Center; Mission 66 and its architecture; creation of Herbert Hoover Birthplace NHS; Emergency Relief Act programs such as the Civilian Works Administration (CWA), Works Progress Administration (WPA), Public Works Administration (PWA), and the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC); and development of Colonial Parkway. Individual careers and experiences at parks, regional offices, and the Washington Office are discussed. Polly Mead Patraw discusses being a temporary ranger-naturalist (1930-1931).

Interview Transcripts

These transcript summaries provide general overviews of the topics discussed but are not all inclusive.

01: Baugh, Ann, May 22-29,1997
Bryce Canyon (concessioner); Albright Training Center (clerk-typist) (secretary to the superintendent, instructor); Association of National Park Ranger (ANPR)
rendezvous; awarded the Meritorious Service Award.

02: Carlstrom, Terry, October 7, 2004
Denver Service Center (wilderness coordinator, chief of the branch of planning's western team); Alaska Regional Office (chief of planning, acting associate regional director for professional services); National Capitol Region (regional director); Distinguished Service Award.

03: Carpenter, T., February 20-21, 1976
Transcript not yet prepared.

04: Cowling, Herford T., n.d.
NPS photographer.

05: Doty, Cecil J., March 10, 1985
NPS architect; Herbert Maier's log-and-stone school of NPS architecture; Mission 66 architecture.

06: Everhart, William C., February 21,1994
Transcript not yet prepared.

07: Evison, Boyd, June 24, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

08: Flickinger, Victor W. & Elizabeth A., March 14, 1971
Creation of Herbert Hoover Birthplace.

09: Freeman, Raymond L., February 22, 1994
Transcript not yet prepared.

10: Garrison, Lemuel (Lon), February 22, 1973
Yellowstone (superintendent); Midwest Region (regional director); Northeast Region (regional director); Albright Training Center (director).

11: Garrison, Lemuel (Lon), April 27,1977
Mission 66.

12: Goethe, Charles M., March 25, 1954
Worked with Sierra Club and the Audubon Society; Initiated interpretive programs with the NPS.

13: Kahler, Herbert E. and Manucy, Albert C., January 20, 1975
Civilian Works Administration; Works Progress Administration; Public Works Administration projects for the NPS.

14: Logan, Wilfred D., February 5,1990
Midwest Region (regional archeologist); Midwest Archeological Center (chief archeologist).

15: Mattes, Merrill J., May 24-25, 1983
Yellowstone (ranger); Scotts Bluff (superintendent); Missouri River Basin Survey (historian); Midwest Regional Office (regional historian); Alaska studies (chief planner); Western Service Center (chief of historic preservation); Denver Service Center (chief of historic preservation).

16: McLaughlin, John S., September 12, 1973
Yellowstone (ranger, assistant chief ranger, superintendent); Rocky Mountain (assistant chief ranger, assistant superintendent); Civilian Conservation Corps (assistant to the chief forester in Washington); Western Region (assistant regional director); Mesa Verde (superintendent); Grand Teton (superintendent); Midwest Region (assistant regional director); Grand Canyon (superintendent).

17: Noll, William N., February 21, 1994
Transcript not yet prepared.

18: Patraw, Preston P. and Patraw, Polly Mead, January 22, 1964
Preston Patraw: Hot Springs (chief clerk, superintendent); Grand Canyon (assistant superintendent, superintendent); Zion and Bryce Canyon (superintendent); Chicago Regional Office (finance officer); Santa Fe Regional Office (associate regional director).
Polly Mead Patraw: Grand Canyon (seasonal ranger-naturalist).

19: Peterson, Charles, February 12, 1998
Development of Colonial Parkway.

20: Shedd, Charles Edward (Pete), Jr., n.d.
Transcript not yet prepared.

21: Thomas, Lindsey Kay, September 24, 2003
National Capital Region (park naturalist, research park naturalist, research biologist, research ecologist).

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Series VI: Park-specific Oral History Projects, 1965-2022 (bulk dates: 1976-2022)

Volume of series: 8.8 LF
Arranged into eight subseries:
Subseries A: Southeast Archeological Center (SEAC) Administrative History Project, 2003-2004, 2007
Subseries B: C&O Canal Oral History Project Transcripts, 1965-1980
Subseries C: The Bicentennial at Independence NHP Oral History Project, 1976-1990
Subseries D: Custer Battlefield Interpretation Oral History Project, 1986-1987
Subseries E: Cuyahoga Valley's Administrative History Interviews, 1989-1991
Subseries F: General Park Oral History Interviews, 1962-1991 (bulk dates: 1982)
Subseries G: Harpers Ferry Center 40th Anniversary Oral History Project, 2010, 2021-2022
Subseries H: Harpers Ferry Center 50th Anniversary Oral History Project, 2019-2022
Subseries I: Civil Rights Parks Oral History Project, 2021-2022

Scope and Content Note

Oral history projects and interviews focused on individual parks, programs, or offices. Interviews for SEAC and Cuyahoga Valley were collected as part of research for preparation of administrative histories. Recordings for Independence and Custer Battlefield (now Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument) focus on the US bicentennial and evolving park interpretation, respectively. Interviews with employees of Harpers Ferry Center collected during its 40th and 50th anniversaries are also present. Interviews with people associated with the establishment in January 2017 of Freedom Riders National Monument, Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument, and Reconstruction Era National Historic Park are also included.

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Subseries VI.A: Southeast Archeological Center (SEAC) Administrative History Project, 2003-2004, 2007

Volume of subseries: 0.2 LF
Organized into two sub-subseries based on format:
Sub-subseries 1: Oral History Recordings
Sub-subseries 2: Interview Transcripts and Report.

Administrative History Note

Cameron Binkley, historian with the NPS Southeast Regional Office, conducted oral history interviews in association with his research on the Southeast Archeological Center (SEAC). The research culminated in the 2007 NPS publication entitled Science, Politics, and the Big Dig: A History of the Southeast Archeological Center and the Development of Cultural Resources Management in the Southeast.

Scope and Content Note

Interview recordings and transcripts with staff and managers from the Southeast Archeological Center. Interviews contain information about the history of SEAC and the role of federal archeology in the Southeast. Interviews were conducted with SEAC chiefs, Washington Office staff, and staff at the Southeast Regional Office. Individuals interviewed include John Ehrenhard, Richard Faust, George Fischer, Tony Paredes, and George Smith, among others. Includes information on establishment of SEAC and its move from Ocmulgee National Monument to Tallahassee, FL, including the roles played by the first NPS Chief Archeologist John M. Corbett and Ernest Allen Connally, who directed the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation. NPS Director George B. Hartzog is also discussed. Interviews discuss the relations between SEAC and Ocmulgee and Florida State University, collections management concerns, the impacts of various reorganizations, and efforts to outsource NPS archeological positions. The issues of underwater archeology and external "salvage" archeology are also discussed. A copy of Binkley's report is also included.

Subseries VI.A.1: Oral History Recordings, 2003-2004

Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Scope and Content Note

Recordings of interviews with managers and staff at the Southeast Archeological Center regarding the history of the center and archeology in the NPS. Interviews were conducted with SEAC chiefs, Washington Office staff, and staff at the Southeast Regional Office. Individuals interviewed include John Ehrenhard, Richard Faust, George Fischer, Tony Paredes, and George Smith, among others. For description of interview contents, see Series VI.A.2: Interview Transcripts below.

Subseries VI.A.2: Interview Transcripts and Report, 2003-2004, 2007

Volume of sub-subseries: 0.2 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Scope and Content Note

Transcripts of oral history interviews with managers and staff at the Southeast Archeological Center. Interviews contain information about the history of SEAC and the role of federal archeology in the Southeast. Includes information on establishment of SEAC and its move from Ocmulgee National Monument to Tallahassee, FL, including the roles played by the first NPS Chief Archeologist John M. Corbette and Ernest Allen Connally, who directed the Office of Archeology and Historic Preservation. NPS Director George B. Hartzog is also discussed. Interviews discuss the relations between SEAC and Ocmulgee and Florida State University, collections management concerns, the impacts of various reorganizations, and efforts to outsource NPS archeological positions. The issues of underwater archeology and external "salvage" archeology are also discussed. A copy of Binkley's report is also included.

Interview Transcripts

These transcript summaries provide general overviews of the topics discussed but are not all inclusive.

01: Ehrenhard, John E., May 28, 2003
MWAC (staff archeologist); Interagency Archeological Services (chief); SEAC (director); George B. Hartzog; Pete Faust; John Griffin; SEAC history; SEAC relations; archeology history; Regionwide Archeological Survey Plan; A-76.

02: Faust, Richard D. (Pete), May 29, 2003
Mound City Group (staff archeologist; acting superintendent); Division of Archeology under WASO, John Corbett (staff); SEAC (Chief); John Griffin; Ernest Connally.

03: Fischer, George R., May 28, 2003
U.S. Forest Service; Mesa Verde; Montezuma Castle (staff archeologist); Ocmulgee (staff archeologist); SEAC (staff position); underwater archeology; George B. Hartzog; Ernest Connally; John Corbett; Zorro Bradley; John Griffin; Smithsonian Institution; Mendel Peterson; Arthur Kelly; University of Georgia; Hale Smith; Florida State University.

04: Griffin, Patricia C., September 9, 2003
Widow of John Griffin; Jean "Pinky" Harrington; John Corbett; Hale Smith; Zorro Bradley; Ernest Connally; Arthur Kelly; SEAC relations with Florida State.

05: Paredes, Anthony J., March 11, 2004
University of Florida (professor); NPS Southeast Region (chief of anthropology and Indian affairs); John Griffin; Florida State University Anthropology Department; Hale Smith; Stanley Olsen; George Percy; underwater archeology; salvage archeology; Moss-Bennett Act.

06: "Science, Politics, and the Big Dig", January 2007
Administrative history of the Southeast Archeological Center written by Cameron Binkley.

07: Smith, George S., May 30, 2003
Cooperative Park Studies Unit (museum technician); University of Alaska Museum (director of field research); Archeological Assistance Division; Investigation and Evaluation Division, SEAC (Chief); Jean "Pinky" Harrington; Archeological Resources Protection Act; Society for Professional Archeologists and the Register of Professional Archeologists; underwater archeology.

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Subseries VI.B: C&O Canal Oral History Project Transcripts, 1965-1980

Volume of subseries: 1.0 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name or topic.

Administrative History Note

The Chesapeake and Ohio (C&O) Canal, begun in Washington, DC in 1828 and completed to Cumberland by 1850, paralleled the Potomac River on the Maryland shore. It was built to open a transportation route to the west, using the water from the river to carry the load. Throughout its 22 years of construction and nearly a century of operation, the canal was home to countless men, women, and children who worked at locks or on boats. In addition it employed a wide variety of craftsmen, laborers, engineers, and administrative or supervisory personnel. The canal was used by the large coal companies, and also by farmers, businesses, and individuals to transport goods in both directions, ranging from farm produce to stone, cement and lumber.

This oral history project, conducted by a number of interviewers over more than a decade, was developed to capture memories of these individuals and families associated with the C&O Canal. Interview recordings are in the C&O Canal National Historical Park museum collection; the NPS History Collection does not have copies of the recordings.

Scope and Content Note

Oral history transcripts with individuals historically associated with the operation and construction of the C&O Canal and National Park Service (NPS) staff. Individuals interviewed include boatmen, lock tenders, and their families and discuss operation of the canal and family life. NPS staff interviewed includes Freeman Tilden. Also includes transcripts of radio spots and radio programs, including one on the 50th anniversary of the NPS, as well as transcripts of park history programs and presentations.

Interview Transcripts

These transcript summaries provide general overviews of the topics discussed but are not all inclusive.

01: Apple, Julius, May 26, 1974
15 Mile Creek; grandfather was a stone cutter; father operated a lock; Lou Stanup; Joe Higgens; growing up along the canal; health problems of people living on the canal; schooling on the canal; steamboats; civil war; Little Orleans. Interview by Martha Ross.

02: Bender, Captain Roy (Ray), 1967
Trips through various areas of the canal; barge captain for 36 years; maneuvering through the locks; coal boats.

03: Boyers, Pat, undated
Captain of a boat from Sharpsburg; Georgetown; Seneca; boating on the canal; stone quarries; Shantytown quarries; flood of 1924; steamboats; growing up on the canal.

04: C&O Canal Folk Songs Project, February 1979
Various folk songs of the C&O canal, sung by Captain Binder.

05: Canal Songs--The Story of the Canal, undated
Various songs about the C&O Canal by Flynn and Bachelor.

06: Catoctin Creek, Aqueduct Cave-In, November 01, 1973
Park Historian Jack Sanderson and Park Interpreter Elwood Wineholt report on the condition of the Catoctin Creek Aqueduct near Lock 29, after a reported cave in on November 1, 1973.

07: Clipper, Bill, undated
Side 1: Seneca Quarries. Side 2: Planting Time Darby. Raised on the canal in Seneca, Maryland; mules; fishing; ghost stories on the canal; Haunted House Bend; father worked in Seneca Stone Quarries; at the age of 14, he started driving mules from Seneca to Georgetown; Aunt Priscilla Jacobs; Ray Raleigh; Bill Raleigh; seasonality with the canal; process of getting coal and stone up the river; Windhift Tugboat Company; Teddy Roosevelt; slavery.

08: Composite of Oldtimers' Talks at the Great Falls Museum, undated
Growing up on the canal; grew up on the boat; boat right of way; Lock 29; tunnel.

09: Eaton, James, May 25, 1974
Boat Building; nicknamed Little Scat, after scat whiskey; boat living; coal mining and transporting; World War I; flumes; Joe Higgins; Williamsport; Georgetown. Interview by Martha Ross.

10: Family Reunion Day at Great Falls, October 27, 1974
Family reminiscing about canal life; Bissetts, Grit, Violettes: Lock 23; Wolf, Tshenbergers: Lock 74 by Morris Fradin and R. Stokes; lock operation; aqueduct operation; ghost stories; Mrs. Blablock; Captain John Bridge; poem about the C & O Canal; Paw Paw tunnel; John Cabin.

11: Fletcher, Julius, November 1974
Rebel Scout; Captain Conrad-written about his great grandfather while they were captives together; born in White Haven; canal boats; mentions stone house.

12: Gibbs, Ron, 1969
Gold Mines; campfire talk discussing insects; particularly fireflies versus glow worms.

13: Goetz, Walter, undated
Gold Fever; Maryland and Ford (Kirk) Gold Mines of Great Falls. Recording of a presentation.

14: Gray, Roy and Boyer, Pat, undated
Trip down the Potomac; Tales of the Old Days on the C&O Canal; reminiscing about growing up on the C & O Canal; gate and lock operation.

15: Gray, Roy, Boyer, Pat, and Bender, Raleigh, July 29, 1966
Recounts the time they rescued mules that had fallen in the Canal at Williamsport, boat over dam scenery; Salty Dog (Spencer's Tavern). Interview takes place at Bender's Tavern. Interview by Bill Clark.

16: Hanning, Josephine Pshears, June 16, 1977
Lived in Cabin John during canal period 1917. Interview by D. Karraker.

17: Happenings on the Canal and Locks, undated
Happenings on the canal and locks; incidents of drownings and near drownings; flooding on the canal; lock operation; Old Tommy Dunnigan (store owner); comments on current conditions of the locks; flooding in Little Orleans.

18: Haugh, undated
Memories of Coxey's Army moving through Oldtown, Maryland in 1894; remembers seeing around 50 soldiers in the town.

19: Henderson, George, May 24, 1975
Excursion boats c. 1898; canoe trip; Wellington painting; interview by Martha Ross.

20: Higgins, undated
Wife of superintendent of Cumberland Division of the canal until 1918; her father worked on the canal company boat.

21: Hugo, Hablutzel, June 23, 1971
Maintenance man on the canal.

22: Ingalls, Edgart, February 14, 1966
Ingall's Gold Mine Museum; gold mine tour; interview by John and Jack Reed.

23: Ingalls, Edgart, July 20, 1971
Gold mining at Great Falls, 1918-1930s; foreman; interviews by Ed Wesley.

24: Ingalls, Edgart, July 31, 1971
Gold mining at Great Falls; interviews by Ed Wesley.

25: Krouk, Earl, undated
Sandy Hook; swimming in the canal; lock tender Donaldson; lock operations.

26: Little, Tom, undated
Father had the best known store on the canal; store started in 1879; store operations; Mitchell and Norton; canal operations.

27: Manning, Clara, May 26, 1974
Lock keeper's daughter; ride on barge to Georgetown; description of the rooms on the barge; interview by Martha Ross.

28: Micholson, Lewellyn (Lou), February 1980
Father was in charge of canal; operated paper mill along the canal.

29: Myers, Jake, undated
Captain of his own boat; Merton's boats; father's work on the canal; Flood of 1877; George Cane; P.T. Little; boat and canal operations.

30: National Park Service Presentation, 1966
Discover Your Parks presentation.

31: Radio Program, 1966
Program by Ken Robertson of WCST regarding 50th Anniversary of the National Park Service.

32: Radio Spot Announcements, January 11, 1968
WCUM and WKIR Cumberland Newscast about ice skating plans for the C & O Canal and urban renewal recreation.

33: Reed, John, 1966
Professor of geology; gold mines at Great Falls, Maryland.

34: Saubower, Joe, November 1966
Stories of the C&O Canal; Interview by Ed Wesley.

35: Saubower, Joe, November 1967
Former boatman; quit boating and worked in the lime quarries; stories on the C & O Canal; interview by Ed Wesley.

36: Schroeder, Mary, undated
Boated for her father; description of boat; food and cooking; Sissel's Mill; mules.

37: Shannon, undated
Canal life around Cumberland, Maryland; boatyards; stables; blacksmith shop; boat and canal operations.

38: Shinham, O. J., July 17, 1977
Shinham Lime Kilns at Dargen Bend; interview by Mike Thompson.

39: Sisler, undated
Woodworker and carpenter at Mertens Boatyard in Cumberland; shops and saloons; African Americans; B&O Roundhouse.

40: Sounds of History, 1977
Winston Churchill, Eisenhower, Roosevelt, Glen Miller and 40s music. Program transcript.

41: Swain, Clifford, June 08, 1965
Saloons along the canal; interview by Ross Hubbard.

42: Swain, Clifford, September 1973
Canal structures; pictures of Lock Widewater; Locks 6 and 44; Points of Rocks; Weverton File Factory; interviews by Woody Wineholt.

43: Swain, Clifford, undated
Canal life; appears to be self-interview.

44: Swain, John, August 1973
Mules and family experiences; interview by M. Ross.

45: Swain, Mamie, September 1973
Typical life on a boat; interview by M. Ross.

46: Tibbs, Amy Lee, February 1980
Grandfather was a construction boss on the canal.

47: Tilden, Freeman, undated
Constructive Aspects of Inaction; discussion of how he developed a program, what makes a good program, pitfalls to avoid; Cumberland Falls; Guy Nichols; Everglades campfire talk by Ernst Christiansen.

48: Waskey, Lavenia, September 05, 1973
Comments on canal life; floods; Paw Paw Tunnel; fur trapping; housekeeping chores; interview by M. Ross.

49: Waterways West, October 1963
C&O Canal history talk for school children by James Colman.

50: WGMS Radio with Donna Mugnen, undated
Take a trip along the C & O Canal; five-part series on the lifetimes and restoration efforts for the C&O canal, edited by Ed Wesley with Donna Mungen; interviews include Captain Tom Hahn, Gramp Connoly; Nancy Long, chair of the C&O Canal NHP Advisory Commission; John Townsley, National Capital Parks director of operations; Richard Stanton, NPS assistant director.

51: Williams, Butler, undated
Coal mining and hauling; railroads; water pollution.

52: Wolfe, Hooper, undated
C&O Canal stories; Mosby's raiders; canal boats; cemetery; railroad; Pittsburgh Plate Glass Factory; Knobby Mountain; trip to Cumberland.

53: Yonker, Rosalie, May 27, 1974
Shopping trips to Georgetown from Cumberland; interview by M. Ross.

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Subseries VI.C: The Bicentennial at Independence NHP Oral History Project, 1976-1990

Volume of subseries: 2.6 LF
Organized into two sub-subseries by format:
Sub-subseries 1: Oral History Recordings
Sub-subseries 2: Interview Transcripts.

Administrative History Note

The US Bicentennial celebrations culminated on Sunday, July 4, 1976, with the 200th anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Independence. Leading up to this anniversary, there were numerous local, state, and national celebrations of the bicentennial. The American Revolution Bicentennial Commission, appointed by President Gerald R. Ford, coordinated the celebrations in the states and the overall Federal celebration focusing on Washington, DC. Each state also had a Bicentennial Commission.

NPS activities were coordinated from the Washington Office's Bicentennial Office led by Ben Butterfield. The Revolutionary War parks, Independence National Historical Park, and other selected areas were designated as Official Bicentennial Sites and received special emphasis.

Starting in 1969 Independence began receiving funds to prepare the park for the bicentennial celebration in 1976. Over the next seven years, the park undertook a program of building preservation, and also constructed new buildings and reconstructed others. In anticipation of the number of visitors expected for the celebration, the park hired hundreds of seasonal workers to lead tours and act as technicians in a variety of roles. New park interpretation training programs were developed and Donald Ecroyd, a communications professor from Temple University, worked closely with many tour leaders to make sure visitors received appropriate messages. Video training modules were also developed and implemented. Many important people visited the park during the Bicentennial, including President Ford and Britain's Queen Elizabeth.

Following 1976 the NPS began an oral history project focused on collecting the memories of staff members at Independence during the bicentennial celebration. George A. Palmer coordinated the oral history project which recorded interviews with 80 NPS employees and affiliated individuals.

Scope and Content Note

Audiocassette tape recordings and oral history transcripts of Independence NHP staff regarding the bicentennial celebration in 1976. Also includes limited correspondence and administrative records. Material related to James R. Sullivan references his time as superintendent of Independence as well as at Colonial National Historical Park, as there was some interest in a bicentennial celebration there as well.

Subseries VI.C.1: Oral History Recordings, 1976-1979

Volume of sub-subseries: 1.0 LF
Arranged numerically by HFC log number.

Scope and Content Note

Audiocassette tape recordings of Independence NHP staff interviewed in the years following the 1976 Independence NHP bicentennial celebration. Interviews were conducted with seasonal staff, architects, rangers, supervisory technicians, laborers and maintenance staff, volunteers, division chiefs, an archeologist, museum curators, historians, administrative staff, and the superintendents. Arthur Kaufman, chairman of the Independence NHP Advisory Commission was also interviewed. For description of interview contents, see Subseries VI.C.2: Interview Transcripts below.

Subseries VI.C.2: Interview Transcripts, 1976-1990 (bulk dates: 1976-1979)

Volume of sub-subseries: 1.6 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name or topic.

Scope and Content Note

Transcripts and brief biographical information of NPS staff who participated in the planning and implementation of the 1976 bicentennial celebration at Independence National Historical Park. Structures discussed include the Liberty Bell Pavilion, Graff House, Franklin House, Congress Hall, and Old City Hall, among others. Members of the advisory commission are among those interviewed. Several interviewees discuss Queen Elizabeth's visit to the park. Other subjects include Friends of Independence, personnel issues, bomb threats, security, interpretation programs and training, and Bicentennial planning are discussed. Project administrative records and correspondence are also included.

Interview Transcripts

These transcript summaries provide general overviews of the topics discussed but are not all inclusive.

01: Administrative Records and Correspondence, 1976-1990
Correspondence and records related to the administration of the Independence Bicentennial Oral History Project.

02: Barrett, Albert, Hamaty, Simon and Weiler, Harry, 3-Aug-77
Bicentennial seasonal employees; Liberty Bell Pavilion; audio/visual equipment; Graff House.

03: Batcheler, Penelope, November 11, 1976
Architect; Franklin Tenant House; publicity; historical preservation; archeology; Art Miller; Dick Frear.

04: Batcheler, Penelope and Mish, Mary, July 6, 1977
Architect; Franklin Court; Franklin House; Barbara Liggett; Betty Cousins; John Milner; Stuart McDonald; Bob DeSilets, Nicolas Gianapulos. Release form for Batcheler but not for Mish.

05: Bell, Geraldine M., September 7, 1977
Rangers; Liberty Bell Pavilion; personnel/staff issues; Graff House; Old City Hall.

06: Bell, Geraldine M. and Borov, Mary R., June 15, 1977
Supervisory technician; visitor operations; Second Bank; Liberty Bell Pavilion; visitor attitudes; Don Ecroyd.

07: Bishop, Ellen, undated
Supervisory technician; Second Bank; visitors; bomb threats.

08: Bloomer, Ray, undated
Independence Hall; Liberty Bell; Graff House; Celia Jackson; Gerri Bell; visitor attitudes.

09: Boggs, Louise, October 27, 1978
Laborer foreman; James Mulchay; David Wallace; Liberty Bell; Franklin Court.

10: Borov, Mary R., June 15, 1977
Transcript not yet prepared.

11: Bosko, Ann Marie, August 12, 1977
Interpretive technician; Old City Hall; photography; Kevin Quinn; Bruce Compton; Liberty Bell Pavilion; Gerri Bell.

12: Bosko, Ann Marie and Law, Daniel, August 15, 1977
Interpretive technician; Don Ecroyd; Franklin Court; Congress Hall; Old City Hall; Liberty Bell; Queen Elizabeth's visit.

13: Brooks, Chester L., November 16, 1976
Superintendent; Advisory Commission; Arthur Kaufman; Irwin Building; Graff House; public relations; George Hartzog; Donald Walker; Gary Everhardt; Ronald F. Lee.

14: Burks, Maria, July 7, 1977
Ranger; special events coordinator; Clyde Lockwood; mall use permits; Sue Davenport; Queen Elizabeth's visit; Dan Sharp; Warren McCullough.

15: Cawood, Hobard G., December 9, 1976, December 16,1976 , December 20, 1976, July 27, 1978
Superintendent; Market Street Houses; Underground Museum; 318 Market Street; Independence Bicentennial Oral History proposal; Friends of Independence; Liberty Bell; Liberty Bell Pavilion; Queen Elizabeth's visit.

16: Compton, Bruce, and Cubero, Myra, August 11, 1977
Compton: Independence Hall. Cubero: Franklin Court; Latin American visitors.

17: Coryell, Lawrence B., March 17, 1977
Assistant to regional director for Bicentennial; Fort Stanwix; George Rogers Clark; Colonial; Independence; Second Bank, First Bank; visitor center; Franklin Court; Franklin House; Graff House.

18: Cotter, John, June 8, 1977
Archeologist; Franklin Court; Bruce Powell; Jackson Ward Moore; Barbara Liggett; Penelope Batcheler; Mary Mish; Franklin House.

19: Craig, Bruce, August 18, 1977
Seasonal technician; Don Ecroyd; Graff House; Liberty Bell.

20: Dahlen, David, October 4-5, 1977
Assistant supervisory technician; Kathleen Dilonardo; Geraldine Bell; Liberty Bell; Graff House; Liberty Bell Pavilion; seasonal training; visitors.

21: Davies, Woodward, December 13,1977
Supervisor of technical services; Clyde Lockwood; Warren McCullough; public events; Old City Hall; Pemberton House; Independence Hall; Liberty Bell; Franklin Court; World Court.

22: Devane, Jimmy, July 26, 1977
Visitor services supervisor; interpretation and visitor services; Queen Elizabeth's visit; visitor center.

23: DiLondardo, Kathleen, April 11, 1977, May 11, 1977
Chief of visitor services; Clyde Lockwood; Hobard Cawood; division of interpretation.

24: Dorman, Charles G., August 16, 1977
Museum curator; David Wallace; Bishop White House; Franklin Court; Market Street; Old City Tavern; Congress Hall; Post Office.

25: Ecroyd, Donald, May 5, 1977
Communications and interpretation educator; training tapes and sessions; guide feedback.

26: Esposito, Marshall, November 31, 1977
Transcript not yet prepared.

27: Fanelli, Doris, May 5, 1977
Museum curator; Deschler Morris House; furnishing plans.

28: Fisher, Albert T., Jr., December 15, 1977
Postmaster; Post Office; Postal Museum.

29: Fruman, Anita and Kline, Robert, December 13, 1977
Fruman: park technician; Kline: printer/binder; The Print Shop; visitors; Franklin Court.

30: Gilbert, August 4, 1977
Technician; Liberty Bell Pavilion; Graff House; visitor reactions; Harry Weiler.

31: Gilbert, Cynthia, August 10, 1977
Transcript not yet prepared.

32: Glantz, Elliot, August 24, 1977
Seasonal technician; Liberty Bell Pavilion; Graff House; tour development; visitor reactions; bomb threats.

33: Goeke, Jane, June 28, 1977
Transcript not yet prepared.

34: Goeke, Jane, September 7, 1977
Seasonal technician; Liberty Bell; Graff House; Don Ecroyd.

35: Hamaty, Simon, August 3, 1977
Transcript not yet prepared.

36: Hand, Earl A., October 4, 1977
Assistant supervisory technician; George Reaves; Independence Hall; Carpenter's Square; First Bank; Bishop White House; Dolly Madison House.

37: Jackson, Celia, June 8, 1977
Supervisory ranger; First Bank; Second Bank; Todd House; Bishop White House; Liberty Bell Pavilion; Graff House; Don Ecroyd.

38: Jones, Regina and Layman, Lewis, August 10, 1977
Technician; Carpenter's Hall; Franklin Museum; Queen Elizabeth's visit.

39: Kaufman, Arthur C., November 3, 1978
Chairman of Independence NHP Advisory Commission; Chester Brooks; Liberty Bell; Transfer of land from State to National Parks; Hobart Cawood; Franklin Court; Liberty Bell Pavilion; Second Bank; Bicentennial planning.

40: Kelly, A., December 15, 1977
Transcript not yet prepared.

41: Kline, Robert, December 13, 1977
Transcript not yet prepared.

42: Koziol, Ray, October 3, 1977
Supervisory protection technician; Clyde Lockwood; Richard O'Guin; Independence Square; Queen Elizabeth's visit.

43: LaRue, Howard, April 13, 1977
Administrative officer; associate regional director; Chester Brooks; Quorum Five; Irwin Building; Independence clock case; Old City Hall; Graff House. Includes supplements.

44: LaRue, Howard, August 2, 1978
Transcript not yet prepared.

45: LaRue, Howard and Cocordas, E., August 12, 1977
Transcript not yet prepared.

46: Latsios, Barbara, October 17, 1978
Technician; Post Office; Liberty Bell; Independence Hall; President Ford; Geraldine Bell.

47: Law, Daniel and Bosko, Ann Marie, undated
Transcript not yet prepared.

48: Lockwood, Clyde, February 18, 1977, October 3, 1977, May 9, 1978
Supervisory ranger; Hobart Cawood; Douglas Warnock; Richard O'Guin; Civil Disobedience Squad; George Reaves; Kathleen Dilonardo; Warren McCullough; interpretive planning. Includes supplements.

49: Lonsdorf, Alice, June 13, 1979
President of Friends of Independence; Second Bank Portrait Gallery; Franklin Court; Liberty Bell; visitor center.

50: Lucko, G., Myzel, Solomon, and Jeffries, Howard, October 6, 1977
Lucko: chief of area services; Myzel: assistant chief of area services; Jeffries: horticulturalist; Franklin Court; Liberty Bell Pavilion; Graff House.

51: Marshall, Joan, August 2, 1977
Ranger-interpreter; Second Bank; Franklin Court; Don Ecroyd; visitor attitudes.

52: Martin, William and Pearlman, Melinda, August 1, 1977
Martin: seasonal technician; Pearlman: seasonal technician; Second Bank Portrait Gallery; Don Ecroyd; tour themes. Release form for Martin but not Pearlman.

53: McCullough, Warren A., July 7, 1977
Public Affairs specialist; Chester Brooks; Hobart Cawood; visitor attitudes; press, radio, and TV activities.

54: Meenan, George, undated
Transcript not yet prepared.

55: Melber, Adam, September 29, 1977
Protection technician; Richard O'Guin; message system; Queen Elizabeth's visit; bomb threats.

56: Milley, John, March 7, 1977, April 7, 1977, May 11, 1977, September 7, 1977
Supervisory museum curator; David Wallace; Congress Hall; Senate Chamber; furniture acquisition. Chester Brooks; Todd House; Independence Hall; Museum Council of Philadelphia; Charles Dorman; Bishop White; Second Bank.

57: Mish, Mary, July 6, 1977
Transcript not yet prepared.

58: O'Guin, Richard, June 28, 1977
Chief of protection and visitor services; law enforcement; bomb threats; building security.

59: Platt, John, July 28, 1977, September 10, 1977
Historian; Martin Yoelson; Franklin papers; Franklin House; Market Street.

60: Porta, Harry, August 10, 1977
Supervisory technician; bomb threats; Queen Elizabeth's visit.

61: Priestly, Harley Jr., October 27, 1977
Transcript not yet prepared.

62: Reaves, George, September 22, 1977
Chief of visitor services; creation of an interpretation program; video tape training programs.

63: Rosenthal, Howard, November 14, 1977
Maintenance mechanic foreman; air conditioning and heating problems; restroom shortages; Bicentennial Bell installation.

64: Sanders, William, July 11, 1977, undated
Assistant chief of visitor services; Liberty Bell Pavilion; George Reaves; Don Ecroyd.

65: Shapiro, Norton, November 19, 1977
Volunteer; City Tavern; visitor center.

66: Sharp, Daniel L., November 9, 1977
Technician; Maria Burks; Queen Elizabeth's visit; Liberty Bell; TV programming; visitor attitudes.

67: Spears, Bobby, September 29, 1977
Supervisory technician; Richard O'Guin; visitor attitudes; Visitor Services.

68: Sullivan, James, February 18, 1977
Superintendent; Bicentennial personnel planning; construction program. Includes information on Colonial superintendency.

69: Sullivan, James, May 11, 1977
Transcript not yet prepared.

70: Sullivan, James, May 9, 1977
Superintendent; branch of visitor services; preparation for the Bicentennial; Chester Brooks; M.O. Anderson.

71: Sullivan, James, May 11, 1977
Superintendent; includes information on Colonial superintendency and Bicentennial.

72: Thomson, Ronald B., June 16, 1977, June 29,1977
Supervisory ranger; visitor center; staffing; visitor attitudes.

73: Tootchen, Jacqueline M., July 28, 1977
Assistant supervisory technician; William Sanders; George Reaves; Don Ecroyd; Liberty Bell; Queen Elizabeth's visit.

74: Wallace, David H., April 18, 1978
Park historian; Everhart; curation; Second Bank Portrait Gallery; Franklin House.

75: Warnock, Douglas G., February 8, 1977, March 15, 1977
Assistant superintendent; Hobart Cawood; Franklin Court; Second Bank; Old City Hall; visitor center.

76: Weiler, Harry H., August 3, 1977
Transcript not yet prepared.

77: Whiting, Michael and Kelly, Edward, December 15, 1977
Print Shop assembly; Geraldine Bell. Release form for Whiting but not Kelly.

78: Whitlock, E.L., October 27, 1977, November 31, 1977
Transcript not yet prepared.

79: Yoelson, Martin I., April 22, 1977, April 25, 1977, June 1, 1977
Chief of interpretation; Chester Brooks; Friends of Independence; volunteer training programs; video tape training; visitor services; Franklin Court.

80: Zajac, Eugene, and Grinnell, Raymond, July 5, 1977
Richard O'Guin; Queen Elizabeth's visit; Zajac: protection technician. Grinnell: protection technician.

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Subseries VI.D: Custer Battlefield Interpretation Oral History Project, 1986-1987

Volume of subseries: 0.8 LF
Organized into two sub-subseries by format:
Sub-subseries 1: Oral History Recordings
Sub-subseries 2: Inventories and Transcripts.

Administrative History Note

These interviews are the result of a public history program internship project entitled "Changing Interpretation: Custer Battlefield, 1940-1986" completed by New Mexico State University graduate student Robert L. Hart. In 1986, Hart conducted an oral history project focused on changes in interpretation over time at Custer Battlefield (now Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument). Most of the material covers the time period between 1947 and 1986, and focuses on "day to day public interpretive operations, the gradual implementation of the concept of interpretive balance, the tensions and controversy associated with the Centennial observance of 1976, and the increasingly important interpretive role of the Custer Battlefield Historical and Museum Association."

A weakness of the project is its Euro-American perspective; only one Native American was interviewed. Additionally, observations on interpretive activity from 1963-1969 are not made by members of the park's interpretation staff. Hart's internship report, Administrative History Research on the Changing Interpretive Program: Custer Battlefield, 1940-1986, interviews, and research files are contained in the Robert L. Hart Collection at New Mexico State University. Copyright remains with the narrators but interviews are available for non-commercial use.

Scope and Content Note

Audiocassette recordings and the transcript inventory and subject index for interviews conducted by graduate student Robert L. Hart for his public history program internship project. Interviews were conducted with NPS staff and others regarding changing in interpretation at Custer Battlefield. Full transcripts have not been prepared.

Subseries VI.D.1: Oral History Recordings, 1986

Volume of sub-subseries: 0.4 LF
Arranged numerically by HFC log number.

Scope and Content Note

Audiocassette recordings of NPS staff interviewed in 1986 by Robert L. Hart at Custer Battlefield (now Little Bighorn). Twenty-three individuals were interviewed, including seventeen park staff members, an archeologist, a retired regional historian, a former battlefield museum association officer, a member of the 1976 Centennial Committee, member of the battlefield preservation committee, and a former local interpretive critic. See list of narrators in Subseries VI.D.2 below.

Subseries VI.D.2: Inventories and Interview Transcripts, 1986-1987

Volume of sub-subseries: 0.4 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name or topic.

Scope and Content Note

Subject index which summarize the general subject matter of each interview (full transcripts have not been prepared). Interviews focus on interpretation from the period 1947-1986, focusing on "day to day" interpretive operations, implementation of interpretive balance, and the observances of the centennial of the battle in 1976. Most interviews are designated "use by researchers only" on the release forms. However, interviews by Court, Koury, Mattes, Rickey, Scott, Stanton, and Utley are "open to the public".

Container List

BOX 01
Folder 01: Arbogast, Clifford, July 10, 1986
Folder 02: Bowers, James, July 20, 1986
Folder 03: Clark, Allan, July 9, 1986
Folder 04: Court, Jim, July 7, 1986
Folder 05: Downing, Michael, July 7, 1986
Folder 06: Greene, Jerome, July 21, 1986
Folder 07: Hartung, Robert, July 01, 1986
Folder 08: Jacobson, Albert, July 8-10, 1986
Folder 09: Koury, Michael, July 19, 1986
Folder 10: Liberty, Margot, July 15, 1986
Folder 11: Magnum, Neil, July 8, 1986
Folder 12: Mattes, Merrill, July 22, 1986
Folder 13: Murray, Robert, July 12, 1986
Folder 14: Nelson, Clifford (Jim), July 2, 1986
Folder 15: Plainfeather, Mardell, July 3, 1986
Folder 16: Reyer, Eldon, July 25, 1986
Folder 17: Rickey, Don, July 22, 1986
Folder 18: Riebeth, Carolyn, June 20, 1986
Folder 19: Schrock, Heyward, July 4-5, 1986
Folder 20: Scott, Douglas, November 13, 1986
Folder 21: Stanton, Harold, July 12, 1986
Folder 22: Transcript Inventory and Subject Index, undated
Folder 23: Transcript Inventory and Subject Index Addendum, undated
Folder 24: Transcript Tape Log, 1986-1987
Folder 25: Utley, Robert, July 24, 1986

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Subseries VI.E: Cuyahoga Valley Administrative History Interviews, 1989-1991

Volume of subseries: 3.6 LF
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Scope and Content Note

Oral history recordings on reel-to-reel tapes compiled by NPS Midwest Region historian Ron Cockrell for his 1992 administrative history, A Green Shrouded Miracle: the Administrative History of Cuyahoga Valley National Recreation Area, Ohio (now a national park). Includes a bound "compendium" compiled by Cockrell in 1991 that includes the transcripts of the oral history recordings as well as written interviews conducted via correspondence with Edward H. Adelman, Merrill D. Beal, Hugh Beattie, Bill Dean, Jim Dunning, Steve Elkinton, former NPS Director Gary Everhardt, former president Gerald R. Ford, Chester V. Hamilton, Robert F. Holmes, Randall R. Pope, and Robert Taft, Jr. The compendium also includes summaries of telephone conversations with Harvey R. Swack and former NPS Director William J. Whalen. The interview with former Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks Nathaniel P. Reed discusses both Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore and Cuyahoga Valley NRA. There is no transcript in the compendium for the Gerald T. McClarnon interview. Release forms available for all interviews except Reed and Swack.

Interview Transcripts

The transcripts are bound into a single volume but are listed below by narrator to facilitate research access.

Digital Access: A PDF file of Hart's "Compendium of the Oral History Project for the Cuyahoga Valley Administrative History," which includes the transcripts, is available by contacting the archivist.

01. Adelman, Edward H., September 13, 1989
02. Albert, Lewis S., July 13, 1989
03. Beal, Merrill D., October 4, 1989
04. Beattie, Hugh, November 2, 1989
05. Buerling, Siegfried, May 23, 1989
06. Cherry, David John, July 13, 1989
07. Daily, John, May 22, 1989
08. Dean, Bill, September 18 and September 26, 1989
09. Debo, John P., Jr., May 25, 1989
10. Dickenson, Russell E., July 18, 1989
11. Donnelly, Michael, June 29, 1989
12. Dornfeld, Dave, May 22, 1989
13. Dunning, Jim, October 4, 1989
14. Elkinton, Steve, September 20, 1989
15. Everhardt, Gary E., October 27, 1989
16. Ford, Gerald R., September 7, 1989
17. Griffith, Martin, May 22, 1989
18. Hamilton, Chester V., October 24, 1989
19. Holmes, Robert F., November 20, 1989
20. Johnson, Einar L., May 16, 1989
21. Kawamoto, John, July 27, 1989
22. Linderman, Dave, July 31, 1989
23. Martin, Robert P., May 17, 1989
24. McCann, Theodore R., June 27, 1989
25. McHugh, Brian, May 22, 1989
26. Neumann, Loretta, June 27, 1989
27. Nye, William, May 24, 1989
28. Offutt, Thomas W., May 25, 1989
29. Pope, Randall R., October 25, 1989
30. Reed, Nathaniel P., March 9, 1987
31. Seiberling, John F., May 22, 1989, September 7-8, 1989, and January 26, 1990
32. Steele, Sheridan S., June 28, 1989
33. Stein-Sapir, Leonard R., May 24, 1989
34. Swack, Harvey R., September 5, 1989
35. Taft, Robert, Jr., September 21, 1989
36. Thoman, Ron, May 26, 1989
37. Whalen, William J., September 6, 1989

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Subseries VI.F: General Park Oral History Interviews, 1962-1991 (bulk dates: 1982)

Volume of subseries: 0.6 LF
Arranged alphabetically by park and thereunder by narrator last name.

Scope and Content Note

Recordings and/or transcripts of interviews with individuals associated with specific NPS sites and which are not part of larger projects or which have a more limited historical or geographic scope. Narrators for parks such as Dinosaur and Guadalupe Mountains include residents of the area before the parks were established. Transcripts of interviews for Crater Lake represent a small subset of interviews conducted by the park. Interview for Perry's Victory & International Peace Monument features a conversation with the creator of the column. Transcripts for North Cascades focus on the Stehekin area of the park.

Interview Transcripts

These transcript summaries provide general overviews of the topics discussed but are not all inclusive.

01: Crater Lake National Park, 1988-1991
Interviews conducted by Stephen R. Mark regarding experiences working in Crater Lake National Park. Narrators include: John E. Allen (geologist); Bruce Black (chief naturalist); Wayne Howe (park ranger); Francis Lange (landscape architect); Lawrence Merriam (son of John C. Merriam, regional director); and Donald Spalding (superintendent, 1967-1970). Transcripts only. No copy of release form for Lange. Permission to publish or for commercial use must be obtained from Crater Lake National Park.

02: Dinosaur National Monument, undated
Interviews with Dinosaur area pioneers Verda Meeks Stewart, Rial W. Chew, and Mrs. Charlie (Evelyn) Mantle on reel-to reel tape. Transcripts not yet prepared. No release forms.

03: Guadalupe Mountains National Park, September 6, 1974, June 28, 1978
Two interviews with Wallace E. Pratt who donated 5,000 acres in the Guadalupe Mountains area of northern Culberson County in Trans-Pecos, Texas. Pratt worked with oil companies (Shell, Texaco, Humble Oil/Exxon) as a geologist. No release form.

04: North Cascades National Park, 1982-1985
Transcripts of interviews conducted by Gay Robertson regarding living and working in Stehekin. Interviewees include Howard and Lou Harris; Hazel Imusm; Grant and Jane McConnell; Fran Morse; Elizabeth Gans, Hobbie Morehead, Irene Sargo; Juanita Elgin Pratt; Claire Quentin; Myra Bergman Ramos; Jim Weaver; June Barnhart; Amy Bell; Lloyd Bell; Sim Beeson; Gertrude Bowles; Herbert Bowles; Jean Buckner; Laurence Courtney; Joy Gills; Bill Wisley. No release forms. Permission to publish or for commercial use should be obtained from North Cascades National Park.

05: Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial, March 29, 1962, April 27, 1962 Superintendent Robert Burns' interview with Roy H. Robinson, builder of the Memorial Column on reel-to-reel tape. Transcript not yet prepared. No release form.

Container List

BOX 01
Folder 01: Crater Lake National Park: Allen, John Eliot, September, 1991
Folder 02: Crater Lake National Park: Black, Bruce J., September 27, 1988
Folder 03: Crater Lake National Park: Howe, Wayne R., September 1, 1988
Folder 04: Crater Lake National Park: Lange, Francis G., September 13, 1988
Folder 05: Crater Lake National Park: Merriam, Lawrence Jr. C., November 25-26, 1988
Folder 06: Crater Lake National Park: Spalding, Donald M., April 2, 1991
Folder 07: Dinosaur National Monument: Chew, Rial W. and Mrs. (Evelyn) Mantle
Folder 08: Guadalupe Mountains: Pratt, Wallace E. September 6, 1974
Folder 09: Guadalupe Mountains: Pratt, Wallace E. June 28, 1978
Folder 10: North Cascades National Park: Accompanying Notes
Folder 11: North Cascades National Park: Barnhart, June, August 4, 1982
Folder 12: North Cascades National Park: Beeson, Sim, May 25, 1983
Folder 13: North Cascades National Park: Bell, Amy, June 12, 1982
Folder 14: North Cascades National Park: Bell, Lloyd, April 17, 1982
Folder 15: North Cascades National Park: Bowles, Gertrude, May 22, 1982
Folder 16: North Cascades National Park: Bowles, Herbert, May 21, 1982
Folder 17: North Cascades National Park: Buckner, Jean, August 7, 1982
Folder 18: North Cascades National Park: Courtney, Laurence, August 2, 1982
Folder 19: North Cascades National Park: Gills, Joy, August 3, 1982
Folder 20: North Cascades National Park: Harris, Howard and Lou, May 25, 1985
Folder 21: North Cascades National Park: Imus, Hazel, July 11, 1983
Folder 22: North Cascades National Park: McConnell, Grant, August 13, 1983
Folder 23: North Cascades National Park: McConnell, Jane, August 18, 1983
Folder 24: North Cascades National Park: Moore, Fran, May 24, 1983
Folder 25: North Cascades National Park: Moorehead, Hobbie; Irene Sargo; Elizabeth Gans, n.d.
Folder 26: North Cascades National Park: Pratt, Juanita Elgin, December 22, 1982
Folder 27: North Cascades National Park: Quentin, Clare, August 7, 1982
Folder 28: North Cascades National Park: Ramos, Myra Bergman, August 18, 1984
Folder 29: North Cascades National Park: Weaver, Jim, August 3, 1982
Folder 30: North Cascades National Park: Wilsey, Bill, May 10, 1982
Folder 31: Perry’s Victory & International Peace Memorial; Robinson, Roy, 1962

MEDIA BOX 01
Materials separated from Subseries F.

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Subseries VI.G: Harpers Ferry Center 40th Anniversary Staff Interview Project, 2010, 2021-2022

Extent: 38 born-digital files (2.51 GB)
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Administrative History Note

Harpers Ferry Center's (HFC) 40th anniversary was in March 2010. An event to celebrate the center's founding was held on June 16, 2010. It consisted of a picnic attended by current and former employees and a formal presentation with speakers. Former HFC directors Marc Sagan and David Wright, along with then current director Don Kodak, were among the speakers. Short oral history interviews were conducted with a dozen employees or former employees who returned to the area for the event. Although the event was well attended, most people preferred to socialize, making it difficult to record oral history interviews during the celebration. No follow-up interviews were conducted after the picnic. The interviews were transcribed in 2021-2022.

Scope and Content Note

Digital audio files (.wav format) and transcripts of the interviews with HFC staff including photographers, exhibit specialists, visual information specialists, cartographer, waysides exhibits, interpretive planners, conservators, and curators. HFC managers Marc Sagan, David Wright, and Don Kodak were also interviewed. Topics include Bill Everhardt, Vincent Gleason, graphic design, unigrid brochures, HFC facilities, and mission and impact of HFC. There are no research files, narrator resumes, photographs, or other background information associated with this project.

Interview Transcripts

Digital Access: All transcripts from this project may be viewed in this album. Individual transcripts can also be accessed by selecting the names below.

01: Darr, Cindy, June 16, 2010
Career as photographer, exhibit specialist, chief of exhibit production, director of media services; Grant Cadwaller.

02: Ehrlich, Elizabeth (Betsy), June 16, 2010
Visual information specialist; waysides; graphic design; Vincent Gleason; Nick Kirilloff; Wayside Guide.

03: Gray, Tom, June 16, 2010
Branch chief of visual production services and photographer; Carl Degen; Division of Audiovisual Arts; George Hartzog; park film funding; Olympic National Park.

04: Haack, Nancy, June 16, 2010
Career as cartographer; unigrid brochures; visitor use maps.

05: Herber, Mary, June 16, 2010
Grant Cadwaller; career as division chief of production and chief of exhibits; Independence National Historical Park.

06: Kaiser, Bruce, June 16, 2010
Career as exhibit specialist and senior wayside production manager; waysides.

07: Kodak, Don, June 16, 2010
Career as interpretive planner, division chief of interpretive planning, associate manager for workflow and project management, and director of Harpers Ferry Center; mission and impact of HFC; Nez Perce National Historical Park; challenges for the creative process in a federal bureaucracy.

08: Sagan, Marc, June 16, 2010
Career as division chief of interpretative planning and manager of Harpers Ferry Center; Bill Everhart; formation of Harpers Ferry Center; interpretive planning guide.

09: Sheetz, Ron, June 16, 2010
Career as furniture and wooden objects conservator; Conservation Division move to building in Charles Town, WV; Sitka National Historical Park; totem poles.

10: Wallace, David, June 16, 2010
Career as assistant chief and chief of the Branch of Museum Operations, chief of the Branch of Reference Services, and museum curator in the Branch of Historic Furnishings; Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site; Independence National Historical Park.

11: Wilt, Shirley, June 16, 2010
Career as clerk typist and audiovisual producer; first female audiovisual producer at Harpers Ferry Center; Carl Degen; lack of women’s restrooms; Pablita Velarde; Steve Ruth.

12: Wright, David, June 16, 2010
Career as associate director for planning and development and deputy director for Denver Service Center and manager of Harpers Ferry Center; managing budgets; Vincent Gleason and his involvement in unigrid system development; potential impact of evolving technology on work of HFC.

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Subseries VI.H: Harpers Ferry Center 50th Anniversary Staff Interview Project, 2019-2022

Extent: 65 born-digital files (17.4 GB)
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name and thereunder chronologically by date.

Administrative History Note

In 2019, in anticipation of the Harpers Ferry Center's (HFC) 50th anniversary in March 2020, HFC staff coordinated a series of oral history interviews with retired or soon-to-be retired staff. NPS oral historian Dr. Lu Ann Jones conducated and/or collaborated on some of the interviews but most were conducted by NPS History Collection archivist Nancy Russell and other HFC staff such as Angie Faulkner, Carolyn Duckworth, Winnie Frost, Sarah Heald, and Betsy Ehrlich. Interviews were conducted in 2019 and 2020.

Scope and Content Note

Digital audio files (.wav and .mp3formats) and transcripts of the interviews with HFC staff in advance of the center's 50th anniversary. Digital photos provided by the narrators are present in a couple of instances. In additional to discussion of individual career histories, topics include accessibility; dual careers; HFC facilities, including Shipley School and Willow Springs; NPS History Collection and audits; HFC Commissioned Art Collection; museum conservation; budgets and funding; HFC reorganizations; US bicentennial; exhibit design; historic furnishings; and unigrid brocures. Key individuals discussed include Vincent Gleason, Bill Brown, and Phil Myerly, among others.

Interview Transcripts

Digital Access: All transcripts from this project may be viewed in this album. Individual transcripts can also be accessed by selecting the names below.

01: Beale, Chad, March 5, 2020
Early education; graphic design; career as acting chief of technical services; Division of Wayside Exhibits; wayside proposals; transition to regional project teams; budget and project management; accessibility in waysides; Sequoia National Park; building rapport with parks.

02: Beale, Chad and Beale, Paula, March 5, 2020
Navigating work life as colleagues and as a couple; acting chief of technical services (Chad Beale); chief of media development (Paula Beale); work-life balance; David Javier; nursing accommodations; parental leave; work travel; telework; benefits of working for NPS.

03: Beale, Paula, March 5, 2020
Childhood; undergraduate and graduate education; Dr. Michael Chiarappa; career as exhibit planner, project manager for Intermountain Region, and chief of media development; HFC job interview; mentors and role models; visiting parks with family; regional alignment; rebuilding staff levels.

04: Blaser, Linda, October 18, 2019
Associate manager for Conservation and Collections; financial transition of conservation work; cold storage project; digital imaging project; lack of administrative support; John Brucksch; OIG audit of collections; Willow Springs building issues; value of HFC services to rest of NPS.

05: Burke, Martin, February 19, 2020
Career as conservator (Smithsonian Institution) and manager of Division of Conservation (HFC); professionalization of conservation profession; Shipley School, A76 process, development of science lab; promoting conservation education programs; HFC conservation employees.

06: Butler, Robin, December 19, 2019
Career in Youth Conservation Corps; seasonal employee, clerk typist, and administrative officer’s secretary; personnel changes; payroll; Joanne Grove; favorite parks; Martin Luther King Jr. National Memorial.

07: Chamberlain, Andy, February 18, 2020
Career as seasonal employee and curator; Division of Historic Furnishings; Bicentennial; Springfield Armory National Historic Site; Lowell National Historical Park; museum cataloging; exhibit fabrication; Bill Brown; regional alignment; purchasing furnishings for parks; contractors.

08: Frost, Winnie, December 20, 2019
Working as a “kiosk cutie” in Washington, DC; interpretive planner; wayside planner; project manager; children’s gardening program; intake ranger program; personnel management; National Capital Region; wayside technical assistance program; regional alignment pilot program; climate change initiative.

09: Frost, Winnie; Helman, Richard; Spinnler, Jack, December 19, 2019
Careers as wayside planners (Helman, Spinnler, Frost), interpretive planner (Spinnler), and park project manager (Frost); Ray Price; evolution of wayside exhibit design, planning, and production; Phil Myerly; contractors; visitor reactions to waysides.

10: Hanna, Jane, November 21, 2019
Division of Publications; career as editorial assistant, researcher, writer-editor, and senior editor; unigrids; Sitka National Historical Park; Vincent Gleason; editorial style guide; transition to digital; evolution of NPS brochures; arrowhead logo; interdisciplinary collaboration.

11: Helman, Richard, December 20, 2019
Transcript not yet prepared.

12: Levitan, Alan, January 30, 2020
Career as exhibit specialist; Martin Burke; training programs; reorganization shift from expertise to geographic region; Art Allen; staffing levels; move from Shipley School to Willow Springs; Ron Sheetz; Sitka National Historical Park; totem poles; emergency response for park collections.

13: Myers, Wade, July 17, 2019
Career as interpretive ranger, illustrations research technician, and technical information specialist; National Mall and Memorial Parks; Vincent Gleason; commissioned art collection; unigrid; employees with disabilities; Publications Division; Dave Wright; Interpretive Design Center construction.

14: Myers, Wade, July 24, 2019
Career as technical information specialist and manager of Commissioned Art Collection; cost of Interpretive Design Center (IDC); workplace culture; move to Willow Springs facility; Charley Harper posters; Heinrich Berann; rights issues; longevity of digital art; digitization; Springfield Office.

15: Myers, Wade, July 31, 2019
Career as technical information specialist and manager of Commissioned Art Collection; NPS History Collection development; Interpretive Photograph Collection; graphics research; OIG audit report; Willow Springs facility; HFC reorganization; Historic Photograph Collection; NPS photographers.

16: Newton, Alice, November 5, 2019
Career as museum technician, registrar, supervisory museum specialist, and contractor; Shipley School; move to Willow Springs; Fort Sumter flags; Martin Burke; bar code database system; HFC reorganization; digital imaging project; Yellowstone move.

17: Schlecht, Richard, December 19, 2019
Career as illustrator for the Department of Defense, Harpers Ferry Center, and National Geographic; Vincent Gleason; image research; David Guiney; on-site sketching; receiving feedback from NPS staff; Christiansted National Historic Site; hidden scenes in artwork; contracting offices.

18: Spinnler, Jack, December 19, 2019
Early education; mentors; career as seasonal employee, chief ranger, wayside exhibit planner, and interpretive planner; President’s Park (White House); law enforcement; security issues; Thomas Edison National Historical Park; interpretive planning workshops; Rocky Mountain National Park.

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Subseries VI.I: Civil Rights Parks Oral History Project, 2021-2022

Extent: 402 born-digital files (11.3 GB)
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name or topic.

Administrative History Note

These interviews were conducted as part of the NPS-funded project to collect oral histories related to the January 2017 establishment of Freedom Riders National Monument, Birmingham Civil Rights National Monument, and Reconstruction Era National Historic Park. The co-principal investigators were Aby Sene-Harper and Joshua Catalano.

When the project was first conceived in 2019, the intent was to conduct interviews on-site with clusters of individuals at each location. Due to safety concerns and travel restrictions resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic, however, interviews were conducted remotely using the Zoom videoconferencing platform.

Scope and Content Note

Digital audio (.MP3 format) and video (.M3U and .MP4 formats) and transcrcripts of oral history interviews. Audio and video recordings of pre-interview discussions are also present for many interviews. Basic biography forms are included for most narrators and a short report summarizes the project's methodologies and accomplishments.

Interview Transcripts

Digital Access: Contact the archivist to request copies of these born-digital transcripts and associated research materials (where present).

01. Allen, Michael, August 16, 2021
02. Bennington, Toby, March 14, 2022
03. Butcher, Kris, September 20, 2021
04. Christian, David, September 20, 2021
05. Conroy, Pete, August 11, 2021
06. Downs, Gregory, August 10, 2021
07. English-Rias, Melissa, June 30, 2021
08. Foner, Eric, March 10, 2022
09. Jarvis, Jon, May 12, 2022
10. Johnson, Brian, August 4, 2021
11. Jones, Lu Ann, July 8, 2021
12. Keyserling, Billy, June 14 and June 23, 2021
13. Masur, Kate, August 18, 2021
14. Person, Charles, August 16, 2021
15. Pyburn, Jack, September 27, 2021
16. Ross, Molly, August 17, 2021
17. Schock, Andrew, July 2, 2021
18. Smiley, Melissa, November 12, 2021
19. Tiller, Reggie, July 12, 2021
20. Walton, Cynthia, May 17, 2022
21. West, Ben, May 19, 2022
22. Wise, Stephen, August 26, 2021

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Series VII: NPS History Interviews, 2020-2024

Extent: 125 born-digital files (23.4 GB)
Arranged into three subseries:
Subseries A: General Employee Interviews, 2020-2024
Subseries B: US Park Police Interviews, 2022
Subseries C: National Parks and Conservation Association

Administrative History Note

Although collecting oral history interviews is not a regular part of her responsibilities, NPS History Collection archivist Nancy Russell conducted interviews because of her interests in documenting women's history in the NPS as well as a desire to capture information about the history of the NPS Museum Management Program for a future update to the administrative history of that program. Other interviews were opportunistic as narrators and time allowed. The interview with Allen Bohnert was conducted by Paul Rogers, chief of museum services at Yosemite National Park, in cooperation with Russell. The interview with Jenness Coffee was conducted by Samira Rosario Martinez, intern at the NPS History Collection. Interviews with Ann Hitchock were conducted by Russell, and former NPS registrar Kathleen Byrne. Russell also collaborated with Dr. Lu Ann Jones for interviews of Marion Riggs Durham, Cherry Payne, and David Vela found in Series IV above.

Scope and Content Note

Oral history interview recordings (.wav format) and transcripts of interviews with retired or soon-to-be retired NPS employees. Emphasis areas include NPS museum collections and the US Park Police. Other topics include individual careers, sex discrimination, special events, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s "I Have a Dream" speech, Carl Sandburg National Historic Site, and the 1972 national parks centennial. Interviews with Don Barger, Southeast Region director of the National Parks and Conservation Association (NPCA) are also present.

Subseries VII.A: General Employee Interviews, 2020-2024

Extent: 34 born-digital files (17.4 GB)
Arranged alphabetically by narrator surname.

Scope and Content Note

Digital audio files (.wav) and transcripts of oral history interviews with retired or soon-to-be retired NPS employees. Photographs provided by Jenness Coffey are included. In addition to specific career histories, topics include the history of the NPS Museum Management Program, the development of the NPS Archives (now the NPS History Collection), law enforcement, equality for women, and the careers, contributions, and approaches of NPS Director George B. Hartzog, Jr. and his wife Helen Hartzog.

Interview Transcripts

Digital Access: Contact the archivist to request copies of these born-digital transcripts and associated research materials (where present).

01. Bohnert, Allen, May 17, 2024
Not yet transcribed.

02. Byrne, Kathleen, March 8, 2022
Personal and education background; living in a commune; Carl Sandburg National Historic Site (museum technician); driving Sandburg's vehicle; publication about Mrs. Sandburg's goats; NPS National Catalog; NPS Clearinghouse; serving as NPS registrar; acting as NPS chief curator.

03. Coffee, Jenness, September 22, 2022
Transcript not yet described.

04. Hartzog, George B., III., April 11, 2023
Personal and education background; growing up in national parks; seasonal ranger positions (Organ Pipe Cactus and Acadia); George B. Hartzog, Jr.; Helen Hartzog; entertaining VIPs at the family home; Director Hartzog's various initiatives; religion in national parks.

05. Heine, Cornelius, January 7, 2020
Personal and education background; organizing different National Capital Region recurring special events such as concerts, regattas, the Cherry Blossom Festival, and national Christmas tree lighting ceremonies; Kennedy Center; Sutton Jett; Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and the "I have a Dream" speech; impacts of work schedule on family; George B. Hartzog, Jr.; creating the NPS History Collection; centennial of national parks (1972).

06. Hitchcock, Ann, September 26, 2024
Personal and education background; visiting national parks as a child; early career in exhibits and as registrar at Museum of Northern Arizona (MNA); teaching museum studies at MNA; NPS collections at MNA; pursuing conservation studies; Manitoba Museum (assistant chief curator); landed immigrant in Canada; Ned Danson; Ray Thompson; watching the Apollo 11 moon landing with Ted Danson (actor). [Not yet transcribed].

07. Hitchcock, Ann, October 2, 2024
Apollo 11 moon landing; hosting radio and television shows while working at the Museum of Northern Arizona (MNA); Bruce Babbitt interview; conservation training at Smithsonian Institute (1974) and the British Museum (1975); applying for NPS chief curator job (1980); Ross Holland; initial expectations of NPS museum collections; initial program staffing (Debra Burke); splitting museum staff away from the NPS Harpers Ferry Center (1980-1982); Art Allen; Tom Vaughn; fight over NPS conservation laboratories; Marc Sagan; NPS Clearinghouse (Dale Durham); NPS National Catalog (Gordon Gay); equipment and supply program (Donald Cumberland); collection management plans (Diana Pardue); NPS History Collection; Sara Wolf; museum collection audits; NPS Museum Handbooks; working with the regional curators; Pam West; Re:Discovery Software Systems; developing the first NPS museum cataloging program in DBase; Brooks Vaughn; Joan Bacharach; State of the Parks report (1980); 1982 Office of Inspector General (OIG) report; Jerry Rogers testifying to Congress; creating the collection management report (CMR); backlog cataloging funding from Congress; support for the museum program from parks, regions, and Washington Office; traveling to national parks in the early years in the job; working for Jerry Rogers; archives and NPS museum collections; David Nathanson; meeting with the National Archives about museum archives. [Not yet transcribed]

08. Hitchcock, Ann, October 9, 2024
Jerry Rogers (1983-1994); cultural resources under director for operations before the cultural resources directorship created; Stan Albright; evolution of museum staff; offices in Harpers Ferry National Historical Park; Ralph Lewis and his support; NPS Museum Handbook and its predecessors; regional curators at the time; updating the Museum Handbook; John Hunter; training at Harvard Kennedy School for senior-level federal employees; gaining deaccessioning authority for NPS; CFR 2.5 amendment and natural science collection requirements; issues of managing natural science collections; museum audits as opportunities; 1985 audit report; 1987 Jack Anderson article about NPS losing cannons; Congressional subcommittee hearings about NPS museum collections leading to backlog cataloging funding; NPS museum strategic plan for Congress; NPS computer cataloging program (ANCS); John Peterson and Brooks Vaughn as advocates in NPS IT program; museum collection growth; NPS archeology program; shared senior curator for natural history position (Greg McDonald); addition of Joan Bacharach (registrar), Tony Knapp (curator), and Lincoln Fairchild (systematics) to the early museum program; Lynn Black for museum software; NPS classification of natural science collections; Jonathan Bayliss. [Not yet transcribed]

09. Hitchcock, Ann, October 16, 2024
Reasons for hiring first NPS chief archivist (Diane Vogt-O'Connor); early assistance and support of David Nathanson for NPS archives policies; funding museum plans; curatorial methods training program; Association of American Museums accreditation for NPS sites; museum collections as resources not property; Department of Interior (DOI) museum collection audit; agreements with NPS to develop DOI museum strategy; Ron Wilson; Interior Museum property committee; developing NPS inventory procedures (separate computer program from ANCS+); National Catalog development; Kathleen Byrne (1985); Kandace Muller; Nancy Hatcher; adopting Chenall's Nomenclature for NPS history objects; natural science collections; living collections. [Not yet transcribed]

10. Hitchcock, Ann, October 23, 2024
Natural science collections; NPS Inventory & Monitoring (I&M) program and curation; research permits; living collections; benefits sharing; cooperative research and development agreements (CRADAs); involvement in emergency response. [Not yet transcribed]

11. Hitchcock, Ann, October 30, 2024
Events marking the 100th anniversary of NPS museums in 2005; Allen Bohnert; web exhibits; Joan Bacharach; support of the NPS natural science directorate for museum collections; John Dennis; creation of the Interior Museum Collections Management System (ICMS); proudest accomplishments across her career. [Not yet transcribed]

Subseries VII.B: US Park Police Interviews, 2022

Extent: 5 born-digital files (851 MB)
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name.

Scope and Content Note

Digital audio files (.wav) and transcripts of oral history interviews with retired US Park Police women. The Gretchen Merkle interview is a transcript only (no audiofile retained at the narrator's request). In addition to specific career histories, topics include women in USPP; the first USPP's women's uniform; police experiences and training; horse mounted patrol; discrimination and harassment; and the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.

Interview Transcripts

Digital Access: Contact the archivist to request copies of these born-digital transcripts and associated research materials (where present).

01. Ferraro, Judith, July 22, 2022
Personal and education background; joining USPP; training; Paulette Dabbs; creation of first USPP policewoman's uniform; patrol experiences; working presidential inaugural balls and demonstrations; discrimination and harassment within USPP; being shot during filming of a training video; reasons for leaving USPP.

02: Merkle, Gretchen, September 9, 2022
Personal and education background; first NPS job as a clerk-typist; park technician at the Washington Monument; joining USPP; training; other women in her police school class; foot patrol experiences; arrests made; horse mounted patrol training; promotions; San Francisco Field Office; discrimination; sexual harassment; 9/11; retirement.

Subseries VII.C: National Parks and Conservation Association (NPCA) Interviews, 2023

Extent: 92 born-digital files (15.5 GB)
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name and thereunder chronologically by date.

Scope and Content Note

Digital audio files (.wav) with National Parks and Conservation (NPCA) staff discussing specific projects and how NPCA supports and holds the NPS accountable for achieving its mission. Transcripts, supporting documents, photographs provided by Don Barger, and other background information from Barger is included. Seven interviews with Barger, founding director of the NPCA Southeast Region office, detail NPCA projects that region. In addition to specifics of Barger's career history, topics include examples of how NPCA and Barger accomplished their work; relationships with the NPS; surface mining petitions; dams; bears and wildlife corridors; and air quality. Parks discussed include Cumberland Gap, Cumberland Island, Great Smoky Mountains, Buffalo National River, Obed Wild and Scenic River, Big South Fork, and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. National Historic Site.

Interview Transcripts

Digital Access: Contact the archivist to request copies of these born-digital transcripts and associated research materials (where present).

01: Barger, Don, May 25, 2023
02. Barger, Don, May 31, 2023
03. Barger, Don, June 2, 2023
04. Barger, Don, June 9, 2023
05. Barger, Don, June 15, 2023
06. Barger, Don, June 16, 2023
07. Barger, Don, October 18, 2023

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Series VIII: NPS Cooperating Associations Oral History Project, 2022

Extent: 47 born-digital files (755 MB)
Arranged alphabetically by narrator last name or topic.

Administrative History Note

The NPS Park History Program contracted with Historical Research Associates to prepare an administrative history of NPS cooperating associations. Jackie Gonzales at Historical Research Associates was the principal investigator. Associations included in the study are Eastern National Parks & Monuments Association, Harpers Ferry Park Association, Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy, Friends of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore, Western National Parks Association, Rocky Mountain Conservancy, and Grand Canyon Conservancy.

Scope and Content Note

Digital oral history interview audio files (.MP3 format), final transcripts (pdf), and research notes (pdf) from interviews about the history of cooperating associations and the NPS. Notes include digital newspaper articles, reports, and background information on some of the people interviewed.

Interview Transcripts

Digital Access: Contact the archivist to request copies of these born-digital transcripts and associated research materials (where present).

01. Chalfant, Diane, April 11, 2022
02. Fennell, Rose, April 18, 2022
03. Frye, Dennis, June 21, 2022
04. Jung, Diane, April 4, 2022
05. Kissling, Kevin, July 20, 2022
06. Money, Charles, March 14, 2022
07. Moore, Greg, June 27, 2022
08. Richter, Tom, March 15, 2022
09. Sikoryak, Kim, March 18, 2022
10. VanLandingham, Monique, March 24, 2022

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