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Aamodt, Agnes M.

    1971             "Enculturation process and the Papago child: an inquiry into the acquisition of perspectives on health and healing." Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Washington, Seattle. Illus., bibl. iii + 292 pp. ["This is an exploratory and descriptive ethnographic study of the enculturation process and health related behavioral situations in which perspectives on health and healing are acquired by children." Based on field work in a rural Catholic village (Pisinemo) on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

Abbey, Edward

    1973             Cactus country. New York, Time-Life Books. Map, illus., bibl., index. 184 pp. [Papaguería and the Papago Reservation are mentioned on p. 96; Sand Papago and the Pinacate desert on p. 159.]

Abbott, Chuck, and Esther Henderson

    1953             Papago well of sacrifice ... Desert Magazine, Vol. 16, no. 7 (July), p. 22. Palm Desert, California, Desert Press, Inc. [This is a brief discussion of the Papago legend of the shrine of Alihiana, Cemetery of the Dead Child, and the site of the Well of Sacrifice (or Children=s Shrine) on the Papago Indian Reservation near Santa Rosa Village. Illustrated.]

Abbott, Cliff

    1948             The trail of Padre Kino. Arizona Highways, Vol. 24, no. 2 (February), pp. 30-35. Phoenix, Arizona Highways Department. [Thirteen black-and-white photos accompany this article about the Pimería Alta missions founded among the O'odham by Father Eusebio Francisco Kino in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. Missions San Xavier del Bac and Tumacacori are among those discussed and illustrated.]

    2000             The trail of Padre Kino. Arizona Highways, Vol. 76, no. 7 (July), p. 5. Phoenix, Arizona Department of Transportation. [An excerpt from Abbott (1948), one that mentions Kino's work among the "Pimas." Color photos of the Julián Martínez statue of Kino on horseback and of the façade of Mission Tumacacori accompany the excerpt.]

Aberle, David

    1987             Distinguished lecture: what kind of science is anthropology? American Anthropologist, Vol. 89, pp. 551-565. Washington, D.C., American Anthropological Association. [Aberle cites work by Gary Nabhan and Amadeo Rea on the folk taxonomy of the northern O=odham term for devil=s claw. The term is discussed in relation to domestication of the plant.]

Ackerley, Neal, and Anne Rieger

    1976             An archaeological overview of southwest Pinal County, Arizona [Arizona State Museum Archaeological Series, no. 104]. Tucson, The University of Arizona, Arizona State Museum, Cultural Management Resource Section. Maps. v + 71 pp. [Southwest Pinal County includes areas of the Papago Indian Reservation.]

Ackland, Terri M.

    1993             ANominal reduplication in O=odham.@ Master of Arts thesis, Arizona State University, Tempe. Bibl. vii + 101 pp. [Tohono O=odham is the dialect used in this study.]

Acoba, Elena

    1999             Our MacArthur "genius" fellow: preserving a native language. Arizona Alumnus, Vol. 77, no. 1 (Fall), pp. 26-28. Tucson, Arizona Alumni Association. [Two platinum/palladium photographic prints by Gary Auerbach of Dr. Ofelia Zepeda, Tohono O'odham professor of linguistics at the University of Arizona and a 1999 recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship, accompany this brief profile of her personal, literary, and academic achievements. Until age 7, she was a monolingual speaker of Tohono O'odham., but thanks in part to encouragement from linguists Daniel Matson and Kenneth Hale, she earned her Ph.D. in linguistics in 1984 at the University of Arizona.]

    2004a           Summer festivals & fiestas. Tucson Guide Quarterly, Vol. 22, no. 2 (Summer), pp. 42-45. Tucson, Madden Preprint, LLC. [Among the fiestas listed here is that of San Agustín, held in Tucson on August 28. ABefore the Spanish military established a fort in what=s now Tucson,@ Acoba writes, Athe Roman Catholic Church had spent some 80 years bringing religion of Old World traditions to the native O=odham. Father Eusebio Francisco Kino founded three church establishments in the area. Mission de San Xavier del Bac served as headquarters for church operations.@ She also writes about a July 3 event at Colossal Cave County Park in Vail, Arizona, in which participants get a chance to harvest saguaro fruit and to learn of its various uses by the Tohono O=odham. A Tohono O=odham waila band provides added entertainment.]

    2004b           Tohono Chul Park=s taste of the desert tour. Tucson Guide Quarterly, Vol. 22, no. 2 (Summer), p. 40. Tucson, Madden Preprint, LLC. [ATaste of the Desert@ is an ethnobiology tour of Tucson=s Tohono Chul private park. Included on the tour are discussion of the Tohono O=odham=s use of the saguaro as well as of their cultivation of tepary beans, watermelon, corn, and squash. Plants are pointed out used by O=odham in baskets, construction, and as incense.]

Acuna, Cruz G.

    1969             El romance del Padre Kino. Hermosillo, Editorial Urías. [This is a biography of Father Eusebio Francisco Kino who in 1687 became the first non-Indian to live permanently among the Northern Piman Indians, dying in Magdalena in the Pimería Alta in 1711.]

    1970             El romance del Padre Kino. México, D.F., Editorial Jus. [A second edition of Acuña (1969).]

    1971             El romance del Padre Kino. Hermosillo, Sonora, Relaciones y Publicidad, S.A.. [A third edition of Acuña (1969).]

    1972             El romance del Padre Kino. Hermosillo, Sonora, Imprenta Regional. [A fourth edition of Acuña (1969).]

    1987              El romance del Padre Kino [Hermosillo], Sonora, Gobierno del Estado de Sonora y la Secretaría de Fomento Educativo y Cultura. 140 pp. [Another edition of Acuña (1969).]

Adair, John

    1954             Comment. American Anthropologist, Vol. 56, no. 4 (August), pp. 716-718. Menasha, Wisconsin, American Anthropological Association. [In commenting on an essay by William H. Kelly, AApplied anthropology in the Southwest,@ Adair laments the fact that the Washington office of the Indian Bureau has made no effort to use data such as that found in the study of Papagos by Joseph, Spicer, and Chesky (1949) in planning any of its programs. There is, he writes, Ain fact an almost complete disinterest in what anthropology has to offer.@]

Adams, Ansel

    1976             Photographs of the Southwest. With an essay on the land by Lawrence Clark Powell. Boston, New York Graphic Society. Illus. 128 pp. [In his introductory essay, Powell mentions Papago Indians, the Papaguería, Baboquivari Mountain, and Mission San Xavier del Bac. These same subjects are covered in some of Adams= photographs in plates 8 (angel in the church at San Xavier); 9 (Baboquivari Peak); 91-92 (Papago boy and girl, respectively); and 93-94 (Mission San Xavier del Bac). Photos taken between 1948 and 1968.]

Adams, Karen R.

    1992             Ear today, gone tomorrow. Seedhead News, no. 37 (Summer), p. 9. Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. [Adams reports an archaeological experimental project in which corn cobs of Chapalote, Isleta Blue, Papago Yellow, Reventador, and Tarahumara are being compared by D. Scott Kwiatkowski.]

Adams, Karen R.; D.A. Muenchrath, and D.M. Schwindt

    1999             Moisture effects on the morphology of ears, cobs and kernels of a southwestern U.S. maize (Zea mays L.) cultivar, and implications for the interpretation of archaeological maize. Journal of Archaeological Science, Vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 483-496. London and New York, Academic Press. [ATo understand better the contribution of moisture as a source of maize variation, this study documents morphological variability of ear, cob and kernel characters by examining a single southwestern U.S. cultivar (Tohono O=odham flour maize) grown in 2 consecutive years under five controlled irrigation treatments.@]

Adams, Michael

    1977-78       "Every stick and stone. A history of the Papago people for use at Indian Oasis Junior High, Sells, Arizona, eighth grade social studies." Maps., illus., bibl. 260 pp. s.l, s.n [This unpublished Adisposable@workbook for students has ten chapters, one each devoted to geography, ancient history, coming of Spanish and Mexicans, calendar stock stick, government, population, land claims, water, cattle, and personalities.]

    1979             Every stick and stone. A history of the Papago people. Revised. Sells, Arizona, Indian Oasis School District #40. Maps., illus., bibl. 386 pp. [An expanded and printed version of M. Adams (1977-78).]

Adams, Morton S.; Kenneth S. Brown, Barbara Y. Iba, and Jerry D. Niswander

    1970             Health of Papago Indian children. Public Health Reports, Vol. 85, no. 12 (December), pp. 1047-60. Rockville, Maryland, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. [This study examines genetic and environmental factors which may be important contributors to the mortality and morbidity experienced by Papago Indian children. Bibliography included.]

Adams, Morton S.; Charles J. McLean, and Jerry D. Niswander

    1968             Discrimination between deviant and ordinary low birth weight: American Indian infants. Growth, Vol. 32, no. 2 (June), pp. 153-59. Worcester, Massachusetts, Society for the Study of Development and Growth. [Pima, Papago, and Paiute Indian children are grouped together in two tables, one of which (Table 1, p. 155) gives the mean standard deviation of birth weight and the percentage weighing less than 5.5 pounds, and another (Table 3, p. 158) which gives the probability of a child with given birth weight being in the distribution of ordinary babies for the same group.]

Adams, Morton S., and Jerry D. Niswander

    1968             Birth weight of North American Indians. Human Biology, Vol. 40, no. 2 (May), pp. 226-234. Detroit, Society for the Study of Human Biology. [Papago Indians are referred to on p. 229 in a table giving the birth weight for Papago infants; p. 230, Papagos as desert dwellers and primitive agriculturalists, with approximate birth weights between 3600 and 3700 grams; and p. 231 in a Table 2 that indicates stature of adult Papago male and females with mean birth weights. Map and bibliography included.]

    1970             Health of the American Indian: Papago children. Pediatric Research, Vol. 4, no. 5 (September), p. 474. Basel, Switzerland, S. Karger AG. [Abstract of a talk concerning the health of Papago children presented at a meeting of the American Pediatric Society and the Society for Pediatric Research.]

Addison-Sorey, Andrea

    1989             Historia de la región de Puerto Peñasco / History of the Puerto Peñasco area. Parte 3: prehistoria / Part 3: prehistory. Los peregrinaciones de los Tohono O'odham para colectar sal/Tohono O'odham salt pilgrimages. CEDO News / Noticias del CEDO, Vol. 2, no. 1 (Primavera/Verano; Spring/Summer), pp. 16-18, 20. Tucson, Intercultural Center for the Study of Deserts and Oceans, Inc. / Centro Intercultural de Estudios de Desiertos y Oceanos, A.C. [A summary of the former tradition of the pilgrimage made by Tohono O'odham to gather salt at the head of the Gulf of California. Data are drawn from various sources that are not cited.]

Agonito, Joseph

    1989             Half-man, half-woman: the Native American berdache. True West, Vol. 36, no. 3 (March), pp. 22-29. Stillwater, Oklahoma, Western Publications. [Among examples cited of the berdache among North American Indians is that of the Papago berdache, Shining Evening, who was tested as a child by being placed in an enclosure with basketry materials and with bows-and-arrows. He chose the former through four such tests, proof he was destined to be a berdache. No source cited, although it is clearly Ruth Underhill's Social organization of the Papago Indians (1939: 186-87).]

Ahlborn, Richard E.

    1974             The sculpted saints of a borderland mission: los bultos de San Xavier del Bac. Tucson, Southwestern Mission Research Center, Inc. Map, illus., references. 124 pp. [With a color cover and black-and-white illustrations of every statue, this is a descriptive catalogue of the statues of saints on the façade and inside the church of Mission San Xavier del Bac. There is information on the ways in which the statues are sculptured as well as brief summaries of the attributes and lives of the saints represented by the statues.]

Ahlstrom, Richard V.N., editor

    2001             A cultural resources overview and assessment for the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge: a component of the Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan. Tucson, SWCA Environmental Consultants, Inc. Maps, illus., bibl. x + 284 pp. [This report was prepared for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southwest Region, in Albuquerque, New Mexico. There is information here about the historic use made of the region of the Cabeza Prieta National Wildlife Refuge in southwest Arizona by the O=odham.]

Ahrendt, Bill

    1987             The bells of Tumacacori. Arizona Highways, Vol. 63, no. 9 (September), pp. 43-45. Phoenix, Arizona Department of Transportation. [A two-color painting by Ahrendt shows Tumacácori, a Pimería Alta mission, as it may have looked in the early 19th century, with Piman Indians present in the scene. A seven-paragraph descriptive text accompanies the painting.]

Ak-Chin O=odham Runner. A newspaper published the first and third Friday of each month in Maricopa, Arizona as the Anewspaper of the Ak-Chin Indian Community.@ The first issue appeared ca. 1987.

Alcock, John

    1985             Sonoran Desert spring. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. Illus. 194 pp. [A brief discussion of Papagos' uses of and attitudes toward the saguaro cactus is on pages 126 and 134. A photo of Papago Juanita Ahil harvesting saguaro fruit is on p. 128.]

Aldrich, Lorenzo D.

    1950             A journal of the overland route to California and the gold mines. Los Angeles, Dawson's Book Shop. 93 pp. [Aldrich passed through the Papago village of San Xavier del Bac on October 17, 1849. Map.]

Alegre, Francisco J.

    1841-42       Historia de la Provincia de la Compañía de Jesús en Nueva España que estaba escribiendo por el P. Francisco Javier Alegre al tiempo de su expulsión. Three volumes. México, J.M. Lara. [Details of Jesuit missionary activities in the Pimería Alta are found in Volume 3.]

    1956-60       Historia de la Provincia de la Compañía de Jesús en Nueva España, edited by Ernest J. Burrus and Félix Zubillaga. Four volumes. Roma, Institutum Historicum Societatis Jesu. [Included here, especially in volume 4, are innumerable details of Jesuit activities among the Northern Piman Indians in the Pimería Alta after 1687.]

Aleshire, Peter

    1994             Rescuing the dove of the desert. Phoenix Home & Garden, Vol. 15, no. 1 (November), pp. 30, 32-33, 137-139. Phoenix, PHG, Inc. [Illustrated with two color photos by Helga Teiwes and one by Paul Schwartzbaum, this is a detailed article about the major art conservation effort taking place inside the church of Mission San Xavier del Bac. It also includes a summary of the history of the mission.]

    2000             Mountain top islands. Arizona Highways, Vol.. 76, no. 8 (August), pp. 8-15. Phoenix, Arizona Department of Transportation. [With color photos by George Stocking, this is an article about the Baboquivari and Pinaleño mountains in southern Arizona. Allusion is made to the spiritual importance of the Baboquivari Mountains to the Tohono O'odham, and directions are given how to reach the Baboquivaris' west side via Sells. "The Baboquivari District office in Topawa offers permits for back country driving and hiking to the peak, which generally cost $5 for day travel and $10 for overnight camping."]

    2003                                     A 50-mile drive through Ruby and Arivaca skirts two lakes, woods and grasslands. Arizona Highways, Vol. 79, no. 4 (April), pp. 50-53. Phoenix, Arizona Department of Transportation. [Mention is made of Baboquivari and its role in Tohono O=odham belief concerning I=itoi and the world=s creation, and the assertion is made that American prospectors forced O=odham abandonment of the region around Arivaca. AThis desert people, once called Papagos before they reasserted the name they=ve always called themselves, would undertake long quests to prove worthy of dreams and to learn songs like the >Songs to Pull Down the Clouds.= The Tohono O=odham=s culture of scarcity and reverence left them nearly helpless before the invaders, so they retreated (sic) into a desert too harsh to sustain anyone else.@]

Alexander. J.C.

    1969             Massacre at Camp Grant, Mankind, Vol. 1, no. 11, pp. 34-40. Los Angeles, Mankind Publication Company. [This is a popular article about the Camp Grant Massacre, an 1871 event in which Papagos led by Anglo and Mexican allies massacred unsuspecting Apache Indians sleeping in their camp near the mouth of Arivaipa Creek in the San Pedro River Valley in southern Arizona.]

Alexander, Laura

    1999             Native Seeds/SEARCH launches Friends of the Farm. Seedhead News, no. 64 (Spring), pp. 1-2. Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. [This article encouraging a support group for the organization's conservation farm in Patagonia, Arizona, mentions plans for a traditional agriculture demonstration area, a place where one will "see an O'odham floodwater field nurturing three sisters: corn, beans, and squash."]

Alison, Kathy

    1975             Life among the Papago. Arizona Highways, Vol. 51, no. 9 (September), pp. 4-10. Phoenix, Arizona Department of Transportation. [Accompanied by seven black-and-white and five color photographs, this is a general article about Papagos living on the main reservation. The emphasis, however, is on Pisinemo and the trading post, especially James Robinette and his trading activities. Strong on 20th century Pisinemo history.]

Allan, William C.

    1968             "Structure characteristics and design involution in Pima and Papago basketry." Master of Arts thesis, California State University at San Diego. 47 pp. [The title is the abstract.]

Allande y Saavedra, Pedro de

    1976             [Undated petition to the King.] In Desert documentary: the Spanish years, 1767-1821 [Historical Monograph, no. 4], by Kieran R. McCarty, pp. 42-46. Tucson, Arizona Historical Society. [This is a petition from Lt. Col. Allande, commander of the Royal Presidio of San Agustín del Tucson, to the king requesting re-assignment to a less stressful post. In his petition he notes that, AHe has paid local Pimas and Papagos, as well as Gila Pimas, from his own salary, to conduct Apache campaigns on their own@ (ca. 1778-79). He also notes that in 1782 Apaches captured a Pima woman from Tucson who later escaped and informed him that some 30 Apaches had been killed during the 1782 attack.]

Allen, Melanie

    2000             The White Dove of the Desert. The Lutheran Digest, Vol. 47, no. 3 (Winter), front cover, pp. 1-2. Hopkins, Minnesota, The Lutheran Digest, Inc. [The author provides a thumbnail sketch of the history of Mission San Xavier del Bac, erroneously stating that an "inscription on one of the doors at the entrance (sic) reading 'Padre (sic) Bor. No (sic) die (sic) 1797' provides fuel for speculation that Padre Bojorquez was the builder, but there is no real evidence to support the theory." In fact, the inscription, on the east face of the door between the sacristy and sanctuary, reads "Pedro Bojs, Año de 1797." The front cover of the magazine has a color photo by the author of the southeast elevation of the church and a portion of the convento.]

Allen, Paul, and Peter Pegnam

    1989             Our forgotten past. Tucson, Tucson Citizen. Illus. 53 pp. [Published here in book form are eighteen articles that originally appeared in the Tucson Citizen from May 29 through July 3, 1989, on the Spanish-period history of Tucson and environs. A color photo of Mission Cocóspera adorns the book=s cover. One article is devoted entirely to missions San Xavier del Bac, Tumacácori, and Guevavi, one illustrated with a pre-1887 photo of Mission San Xavier. Northern Piman Indians are integrated into this history throughout.]

Allen, Terry, editor

    1972             The whispering wind: poetry by young American Indians. Garden City, New York, Doubleday. xvi + 128 pp. [Included among the poets represented in this collection is Papago poet Alonzo Lopez who was born in Sells on the Papago Indian Reservation in 1947.]

Allison, Fred, editor

    1997             Building a living church / Edificando una iglesia viva, 1897-1997. Tucson, The Roman Catholic Diocese of Tucson. Illus. 16 pp. [One of the persons featured in this newspaper insert is Tohono O'odham Laura Kermen, born in 1894 and a friend of the late Fr. Bonaventure Oblasser, O.F.M., missionary to Papagos -- who is also shown in a photo and acknowledged. There are also photos here of Mission Tumacacori and of Mission San Xavier del Bac and of Bernard Fontana. The latter is acknowledged for his archaeological and other roles at Mission San Xavier.]

Allison, Lola P.

    2000             Governor issues Basketweavers' Week Proclamation. Newsletter, Vol. 12, no. 4 (May/June), p. 6. Phoenix, Arizona Commission of Indian Affairs. [Included here is mention of the role played in the formulation of this proclamation by Governor Jane Hull for the week of November 29 - December 5, 1999, by Terrol Johnson, co-director of Tohono O'odham Community Action (TOCA), and a founding member of the Tohono O'odham Basketweavers' Association (TOBA).]

Allred, Grover C.

    1956             "A study of the warfare of the Cahita, Seri, Papago, Cocopa, Yuma, Maricopa, Pima and Mohave." 86 pp. Master's thesis, The University of Washington, Seattle.

Allstrom, Erik W.

    1939             In Papago land. Indians at Work. Vol. 6, no. 8 (April), pp. 11-13. Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs. [An article extolling the virtues of CCC-ID work on erosion control, soil conservation, fire suppression, reduction of overgrazing, water control, bolsa irrigation, and other projects carried out on the Papago Indian Reservation. Illustrated.]

Allyn, Joesph P.

    1974             See Nicolson (1974)

Almada, Francisco R.

    1952             Diccionario de historia, geografía y biografía sonorenses. Chihuahua, Chihuahua, s.n. 860 pp. [This monumental work, unsupported by documentation, includes alphabetical listings for many of the Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries who worked among northern Piman Indians, for the mission and other Indian communities, as well as for Pápagos and Pimas. The emphasis is on history rather than on ethnography.]

    1981             El padre Kino. Revista de Historia, núm. 2 (abril/junio), pp. 4, 6. Hermosillo, Archivo Histórico del Gobierno del Estado de Sonora. [Excerpted from Almada (1952), this is a brief biographical sketch of the man who in the late seventeenth century became the pioneer European and pioneer missionary among the Northern Piman Indians.]

    1983             Diccionario de historia, geografía y biografía sonorenses, Hermosillo, Gobierno del Estado de Sonora. xii + 749 pp. [With the addition of a biographical sketch of Francisco Almada by Alfonso Escárcega and with type re-set in different pagination, this is otherwise a reprint of Almada (1952).]

Almeida, Lourdes

    1994             El trabajo de Lourdes Almeida. Saber ver lo Contemporáneo del Arte, número especial (Junio), pp. 86-235. México, D.F., Fundación Cultural Televisa, A.C. [Included here in a large portfolio of superb color photographs by Almeida of Mexican "family reunions" is one on p. 93 of seventeen members of the Pápago family of Velasco-León at Quitovac in the Caborca Municipio, Sonora. There is also a six-paragraph synopsis of Sonoran Papago history and culture (p. 98).]

Alsanabani, Mohommed M.

    1982             ASpatial variability of salinity and sodium adsorption ratio in a typical haplargid soil.@ Master of Science thesis, The University of Arizona, Tucson. Map, illus., bibl. ix + 74 pp. [This is a study of the salinization problem on Papago Farms on the Sells portion of the Papago Indian Reservation.]

Altschul, Jeff

    2002             The archaeology of the Papaguería: musings about civilization, hunters-and-gatherers, and things in between. Glyphs, Vol. 52, no. 78 (February), pp. 1, 8-9. Tucson, Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society. [A black-and-white photo of the "Papaguería" accompanies this summary of a talk to be presented by Altschul on February 18, 2002 at the University of Arizona. Altschul contrasts prehistoric Patayan occupation of the Colorado River Valley with that of the Hohokam in the Papaguería, wondering aloud why it appears Hohokam occupation of the desert was more dense than that of Patayan occupation of the more fertile and well-watered Colorado River Valley.]

Altschul, Jeffrey H., and Martin R. Rose

    1987             Statistical analysis of the SXAP site data, In The San Xavier Archaeological Project [Southwest Cultural Series, No. 1, Vol. 6], by Jeffrey H. Altschul and Martin R. Rose, appendix J. Tucson, Cultural & Environmental Systems, Inc. [This appendix is divided into three parts: AInterpretation of the Contingency Table Analyses for Presence/Absence Data,@ ABlock Clustering Approach to the Definition of Site Classes,@ and AIntrasite Spatial Analysis.@ These are ways of organizing archaeological data compiled as a result of Aan intensive survey of over 30 square miles in the southern Tucson Basin,@ all within the boundaries of the San Xavier Indian Reservation. AIn all, 116 sites with 150 areas were recorded. Of the 150 areas, 147 dated at least in part to either the Prehistoric or Protohistoric periods.@]

Altschuler, Constance W.

    1977             Poston and the Pimas: the "Father of Arizona" as Indian superintendent. The Journal of Arizona History, Vol. 18, no. 1 (Spring), pp. 23-42. Tucson, Arizona Historical Society. [There is brief mention of Poston's 1864 visit to Papagos at San Xavier (p. 28) and, on p. 40, of the possibility he may have distributed some goods to the Papagos.]

    1981             Chains of command: Arizona and the Army, 1856-1875. Tucson, Arizona Historical Society. Maps, illus., index. xiv + 280 pp. [Included here is mention that on November 14, 1856, U.S. troops reached San Xavier preliminary to their taking up a position as the first American soldiers in the Gadsden Purchase area. The dragoons went to Calabasas where Aneighboring Papagos brought milk to camp in jars holding several gallons each.@ Altschuler also writes about Papago Agent Reuben Wilbur, the Camp Grant Massacre of 1871, and about the Board of Indian Commissioners and the role played by its secretary, Vincent Colyer, in having Wilbur create the Papago Indian Reservation (pp. 204-205).]

Altschuler, Constance W., editor

    1969             Latest from Arizona! The Hesperian letters, 1859-1861. Tucson, Arizona Pioneers= Historical Society. Map, biographical index, index. 293 pp. [Edited here are letters by Thompson M. Turner that appeared originally published in the San Francisco Evening Bulletin and St. Louis Missouri Republican. Nearly all the letters were written from Tubac or from Tucson. Scattered mention is made throughout of Papagos, including a victory celebration by them held at San Xavier after killing three Apaches. Consult the index under AINDIANS, Papago.@]

Alva, Alejandro

    1983             Park techniques. Preservation of adobe buildings. Parks Magazine, Vol. 7, no. 4 (January-March), front cover, pp. 14-19, inside back cover. Washington, D.C., International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). [Illustrated with a front cover photo of Mission Tumacácori in southern Arizona and photos of Mission San Xavier del Bac inside the back cover and on page 14, this article concerns details about adobe deterioration and preservation techniques. Neither mission is mentioned in the article.]

Alvarado, Carlos, and Carol Alvarado

    1992             Reports from your gardens. Seedhead News, no. 39 (Winter Solstice), p. 13. Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. [Writing from Evansville, Indiana, the Alvarados report that their Tohono O'odham I'itoi's onions are doing splendidly in their garden.]

Alvarez, Albert

    n.d.               S-cu-e:skam ban c gogs. Illustrated by George Garcia. s.l., s.n. 19 pp. [With the text in Papago, this is a children's story about Coyote and Dog. This booklet was probably produced in 1979 or 1980 at the San Simon School on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1965             Some Papago puns. International Journal of American Linguistics , Vol. 31, no. 1, part 1 (January), pp. 106-07. Bloomington, Indiana, Linguistic Society of America. [Here are a dozen examples of punning behavior in Papago.]

    1972             Appendix to "A new perspective on American Indian linguistics," by Kenneth Hale. In New perspectives on the pueblos, edited by Alfonso Ortiz, pp. 111-123. Albuquerque, University of New Mexico Press. [Various grammatical aspects of the Papago language are discussed in detail.]

    1978a           No:nhowi. Albuquerque, Antic House, Publisher, for the San Simon School. 12 pp. [Literally translated, the title means "of the hands." It is a series of photographs of hands doing such things as stringing beads, holding a flour tortilla, pulling a rope, etc., with captions in Papago. Intended as an aid in teaching Papago students to read their own language.]

    1978b                                   O'odham ha haha'a. Sells, Arizona, San Simon School. 8 pp. [This is a booklet about Papago Indian pottery. The entire process of manufacture of earthenware pottery is illustrated in sixteen photographs. The fairly lengthy accompanying text is written entirely in Papago.]

    1978c                                   O'odham ha-nene'ei o'ohona. Sells, Arizona, San Simon School. 20 pp. [Papago texts for fourteen songs and English text for ten songs, all for children. Included in both Papago and English are such songs as "Silent Night" and "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star."]

    1978d                                   U:gk himdam. Illustrated by Caryl McHarney. Sells, Arizona, San Simon School. 13 pp. [The title means "airplane" in English. It is a children's story abut a boy and his paper airplane. He loses the plane, but the wind brings it back to him. Text in Papago.]

    1980                                     Haícu duakm e-wepogiddam o=ohon. Illustrated by Caryl McHarney. Albuquerque, Antic House, Publisher, for the San Simon School. [This is a gathering of four traditional Papago legends written in the form of plays that children can perform B with the words in Papago. They are the stories of Buzzard and Coyote; Snake, Coyote, and Cottontail; Little Buzzard, Coyote, and Mother Buzzard; and Bear and Coyote.]

Alvarez, Albert, editor

    1980             Papago primer. No. 5, Sells, Arizona, San Simon Elementary School. 9 pp. [Drawings and a Papago text concerning the saguaro and saguaro fruit harvest.]

Alvarez, Albert; Terry Enos, and Dugan Morrow

    1978             O'odham kaidag. Albuquerque, New Mexico, Antic House, for the San Simon School. 32 pp. ["Papago sounds," this is a primer for students beginning to learn reading Papago, a picture book alphabet demonstrating the Papago orthography developed by Alvarez and adopted officially by the Papago Tribe.]

Alvarez, Albert, and Kenneth Hale

    1970             Toward a manual of Papago grammar: some phonological terms. International Journal of American Linguistics, Vol. 36, no. 2 (April), pp. 83-97. Bloomington, Indiana University. [This paper reports on initial steps taken toward production of a Papago linguistic handbook.]

Alvarez, Albert, and Caryl McHarney

    1980             Masad kuintakud 1980. Albuquerque, New Mexico, Antic House, for the San Simon School. [A calendar for the months of the year (1980) in Papago and English, with drawings by McHarney and a text by Alvarez that explain and illustrate the traditional seasonal round of the Papagos.]

Alvarez, Albert, and Donovan Morrow

    1979             O'odham ha-jewedga cecksañ. Albuquerque, New Mexico, Antic House, for the San Simon School. Map. 12 pp. [A brief Papago text by Alvarez and illustrations by Morrow comprise this booklet describing the eleven districts of the Papago Indian Reservation.]

Amon, Aline

    1981             The earth is sore. Native Americans on nature. New York, Atheneum. [This is a collection of American Indian texts adapted by Amon, one that includes (p. 26) a Papago eagle song taken from Ruth Underhill's Singing for power (1938).]

Anderson, Darwin; Louis P. Hamilton, Hudson G. Reynolds, and Robert R. Humphrey

    1957             Reseeding desert grassland ranges in Arizona. Bulletin of the Agricultural Experiment Station, no. 249 (revised). Tucson, University of Arizona, Agricultural Experiment Station. [Test plantings on which this report is based include those done on the Papago Indian Reservation at San Vicente and at Big Fields (p. 6).]

Anderson, Edgar

    1945             The maize collection from Painted Cave. Amerind Foundation, Inc., no. 3, pp. 77-85. Dragoon, Arizona, Amerind Foundation, Inc. [Two small-kerneled ears of maize excavated from this northeastern Arizona prehistoric (Anasazi) site resemble the corn still grown by Papago and Hopi Indians.]

    1953-54       Maize of the Southwest. Landscape, Vol. 3, no. 2 (Winter), pp. 26-27. Santa Fe, J.B. Jackson. [A portion of this article is devoted to "the return of the oldest corn," an Anasazi (Basketmaker)-like corn still grown by the Papagos. He says Papagos raise specialized crops of corn, beans, and squash "on fewer inches of rainfall than are used anywhere else in the world." He also writes that the corn meal made from Papago corn is delicious.]

    1979             Landscape papers. Berkeley, California, Turtle Island Foundation. [This collection of essays by Anderson which appeared in Landscape includes a reprint of his 1953-54 article, "Maize of the Southwest."]

Anderson, Edgar, and Frederick D. Blanchard

    1942             Prehistoric maize from Cañon del Muerto. American Journal of Botany, Vol. 29, no. 10 (December), pp. 832-35. Burlington, Botanical Society of America. [This study of prehistoric maize excavated from Mummy Cave in Cañon del Muerto, Arizona, draws many comparisons between that maize and Papago yellow flour corn (pp. 832-34). Illustrated.]

Anderson, Edgar, and Hugh C. Cutler

    1942             Races of Zea mays I: their recognition and classification. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 29, pp. 69-89. Fulton, Missouri, Board of Trustees of the Missouri Botanical Garden. [This is a detailed discussion of Mexican pyramidal, Pima-Papago, and Pueblo maize.]

Anderson, Keith

    1985             The Quitobaquito cemetery: Sand Papago case history. American Society for Conservation Archaeology Report, Vol. 12, pp. 20-28. Lubbock, Texas, American Society for Conservation Archaeology. [This is a history of a project undertaken by the National Park Service to preserve a Papago Indian cemetery in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument. As explained here, the project involved a considerable amount of oral historical research among Sand Papagos carried out by two Papago women.]

    1986             Hohokam cemeteries as elements of settlement structure and change. In Anthropology of the desert west: essays in honor of Jesse D. Jennings [University of Utah Anthropological Papers, no. 110], edited by Carol J. Condie and Don D. Fowler, pp. 179-201. Salt Lake City, University of Utah Press. [With maps and a genealogical chart, this includes a detailed discussion of the Sand Papago cemetery within the confines of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument in Arizona.]

Anderson, Keith M.; Fillman Bell, and Yvonne G. Stewart

    1982             Quitobaquito: a Sand Papago cemetery. Kiva, Vol. 47, no. 4 (Summer), pp. 215-237. Tucson, Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society. [A report on the ca. 1900-1945 Sand Papago cemetery at Quitobaquito in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument in southwestern Arizona, with considerable data on Papago burial customs.]

Anderson, Mike

    1986             Posses and politics in Pima County: the administration of Sheriff Charlie Shibell. Journal of Arizona History, Vol. 27, no. 3 (Autumn), pp. 253-82. Tucson, Arizona Historical Society. [An 1877 incident is related here in which a Papago man murdered his wife in Tucson and subsequently made good his escape to San Xavier del Bac. The affair was reported in the February 9, 1877 edition of the Arizona Weekly Citizen.]

Anderson, Terence R.

    1998             Attending to the sacred: a Christian learns from a Nigthawk. In A good Cherokee, a good anthropologist, edited by Steve Pavlik, pp.201-212. Los Angeles, University of California, American Indian Studies Center. [Anderson tells a story told him by anthropologist Robert K. Thomas: AThe university (of Arizona) wanted to build a cyclotron, a large mechanism for nuclear research, on the (Papago) reservation. It sent a team of scientists with overheads and maps to explain the proposed project to a gathering of the Papago people. The presentation outlined with charts and graphs all the economic and special benefits that would accrue to the Papago people. Everyone listened attentively, and following the presentation there was respectful silence. After what seemed a long time to the ream of experts, one old Indian elder got up at the back and asked, >But does God want you to do this to the land?= The university team was immobilized. They didn=t know how to respond to this question about sacred (religious) sanction. So they repeated all their statistics and other data outlining benefits. Again, there was silence. And again the elder asked, >But does God want you to do this to the land?= None of them could answer. So everybody got up and filed out, and the university never did build the cyclotron@ (p. 203).

                             Anderson also writes that Thomas viewed Papago Catholicism as a genuine Native religion (p. 211).]

Andrews, Amelia

    1982             Is the Papago language dying out? Papago: The Desert People, Vol. 1, no. 1 (January), p. 5. Topawa, Arizona, Topawa Middle School. [Andrews, a 63-year-old Papago woman, asserts the language is not dying out and offers the opinion that it should be preserved.]

Andrews, George L.

    1870             Report of the Arizona Superintendent of Indian Affairs, 1870. House Executive Documents, no. 1, Vol. 1, part 4, pp. 578-82 [Report of the Secretary of the Interior, Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs], 41st Congress, 3d session. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office. [This report, dated September 6, 1870, was written in Arizona City, Arizona Territory. Andrews observes that Papagos have no reservation, but are highly esteemed by settlers. He urges that continued assistance be given these Indians including any additional assistance they may desire, provided funds are available for the purpose.]

Andrews, Phil

    1960             Out where the West begins: Arizona. Argosy, October, pp. 58-59, 89-91. New York, Popular Publication. [This travelogue makes fleeting mention of Mission San Xavier del Bac, Afounded before George Washington was born.@ He also attributes the church=s interior paintings to Indians, saying they Abear an unmistakable pagan hallmark.@ So much for his knowledge of art.]

    [1993]          From Las Vegas sphinx to jumbo jets, Action=s put a scaffold around it. In 40^th anniversary, Action Equipment & Scaffold Co., Inc., pp. 3-9. s.l., Contractor Profile for McGraw-Hill=s Southwest Publications Group. [This article about work done by the Action Equipment and Scaffold Company includes an interview with Larry Forschler, the company=s Tucson branch manager, in which he discusses the job done by his company in providing scaffold for the art conservators working on the interior of the church of Mission San Xavier del Bac (pp. 7-8). Included is a black-and-white photo of scaffolding going in place in the church=s sanctuary.]

Andrews, Teddy

    1978             [Untitled black-and-white photographs, one of an unidentified man and another of a hand holding a beer can above a body of water.] Sun Tracks, Vol. 4, pp. 44, 58. Tucson, The University of Arizona, Amerind Club and the Department of English. [Photographer Andrews is identified as a Quechan/Papago.]

Andrino, Luis R.

    1992             Reports from your gardens. Seedhead News, no. 39 (Winter Solstice), p. 13. Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. [Reporting from Guatemala, Andrino says the O'odham brown tepary beans he planted in May in an arid part of Guatemala were ready to harvest in 60 days. He writes he plans to plant an area four times larger for the second planting.]

Anita, Willard

    1973             How the rattlesnake got his fangs and rattles (a Papago legend). In Arrow V, edited by T.D. Allen, pp. 13-14.. s.l., The Pacific Grove Press. [The title is the abstract. The writer is an 11^th grade Papago student in the Stewart Indian School in Nevada.]

Annerino, John

    1991a           Hiking & climbing Baboquivari Peak. Desert Skies, Vol. 3, no. 1 (Spring), p. 15. Tucson, The Summit Hut, Ltd. [A photo and trip log accompany this excerpt from the Sierra Club book, Adventuring in Arizona (1991). The involvement of the Tohono O'odham with the peak is alluded to, and the route from the reservation (west) side is discussed.]

    1991b           The Ruby Road. The Tucson Guide Quarterly, Vol. 10, no. 1 (Winter), pp. 54-57. Tucson, Madden Publishing Inc. [About a road in south central Arizona near the Sonoran border, in the early 1860s traveler Raphael Pumpelly sent a Papago to Tucson from here to help a friend who had been accidentally shot. And at one point, Pumpelly helped bury an O'odham and two Anglos who had been killed by Apaches.]

    1996             People of legend. Native Americans of the Southwest. San Francisco, Sierra Club Books. Illus., bibl. 122 pp. [This book is illustrated with excellent color photos by the author. One chapter, pp. 40-57, is entitled, "People of the Desert: Pápago/Tohono O'odham." It includes photos of Tohono O'odham in both Arizona and Sonora and includes information, as well as a photos, related to the Sand Papago (HiaCed O'odham).]

    1997             People of the Sierra. Mountain Pima/O'ob. Native Peoples, Vol. 10, no. 4 (Summer), pp. 48-53. Phoenix, Media Concepts Group, Inc. [This article mentions the fact that these people are linguistically related to the Tohono O'odham and HiaCed O'odham of Arizona.]

    1999             Dead in their tracks. Crossing America's desert borderlands. New York and London, Four Walls Eight Windows. Maps, illus, appendices, bibl., index. xi + 201 pp. [This book is largely about the illegal migration of Mexicans into the United States over paths that lead through the desert country west of the western boundary of the Tohono O'odham Nation. There are references here to 19th-century attacks of San Papagos (HiaCed O'odham) on travelers in this region as well as to their encampments, hunting, and water holes. Allusion is also made to Sand Papagos' rescuing travelers along the Camino del Diablo (p. 174).]

    2003             Dead in their tracks. Crossing America's desert borderlands. New York & London, Four Walls Eight Windows. Maps., illus., bibl., index. xi + 211 pp. [This is a reprint of Annerino (1999) with the addition of a preface written in February, 2003.]

Anónimo

    1986             Carta dirigida al padre provincial Juan A. Baltasar. In El noroeste de México. Documentos sobre las misiones jesuíticas, 1600-1769, compiled and edited by Ernest J. Burrus and Félix Zubillaga, pp. 307-348. México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. [This anonymous writer, addressing Father Provincial Juan A. Balthasar in a lengthy document written sometime in 1753, provides a history of the many tribulations suffered by Jesuits in their northern missions in the preceding seven decades, going back to the entry of Father Eusebio Kino into the Pimería Alta in 1687. The document provides an excellent overview, from a Jesuit=s perspective, of the entire northern frontier of New Spain. The report includes complaints about evil medicine men at San Xavier del Bac whom the writer blames for the deaths or illnesses of missionaries stationed there.]

    1988             Los Papagos, la lluvia y la frontera. Sonora Mágica y Desconocida, núm. 64, pp. 24-25. Hermosillo, Comunicación Social del Noroeste de México. [A discussion of the Papago Indians living at Quitovac, Sonora, and the annual wi'igita ceremony held there. Mention is also made of the Sonoran village of San Francisquito and of the Papagos' devotion to San Francisco.]

Anonymous

    n.d.a             Acorns in the Southwest a healthy food! Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. 4 pp. [This handout offers a recipe by Stella Tucker, a Tohono O'odham, for acorn gravy, and it gives the O'odham word for acorn, wiyodi or toa.]

    n.d.b             Eating beans to stay healthy, control blood sugar, and help prevent diabetes. Desert foods may be your best medicine! Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. 4 pp. [Included in this handout is a recipe for "tepary beans O'odham style."]

    n.d.c Indian heritage of the Southwest. [Tempe, Arizona?], Terrell Publishing Co., Inc. Illus. 32 pp. [A booklet of color photos with extended captions, nine photos and two pages are devoted to the Papagos. Pictures include Papago basketry and pottery as well as Mission San Xavier del Bac. Approximate publication date is 1986.]

    n.d.d             Let the desert quench your thirst. Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. 4 pp. [The Tohono O'odham names are given here for mesquite pod tea (kui vihog), chia (dapk), psyllium seed (mumsa), saguaro (bahidaj), prickly pear (i:bhai), barrel cactus (jiawul bahidag), and organ pipe cactus (cucuvis).]

    n.d.e Mission San Xavier del Bac. s.l., Terrell Publishing Co. Map, illus. 24 pp. [A booklet of color photos of Mission San Xavier del Bac with caption-like text in English and Spanish. Probably published in the late 1980s, neither photographer(s) nor writer are credited.]

    n.d.f  Mission San Xavier del Bac: a full color guide. Tempe, Arizona, Petley Studios. Map, illus. 24 pp. [A collection of some 29 picture post card-like color photos of the exterior and interior of Mission San Xavier, each with a very brief caption.]

    n.d.g             Ñ nu:milo o=ohona. s.l., s.n. 7 pp. [A booklet intended to help Papago children learn to count from one to ten, probably produced in the San Simon School on the Papago Indian Reservation in 1979 or 1980.]

    n.d.h             O=odham ñi=oki ha kaidag. s.l., .s.n. [This is an alphabet book in O=odham, one that was in use in the San Simon school on the Papago Indian Reservation in September, 1980, probably about the time it was compiled. The likelihood is that its compiler was Tohono O=odham Rosilda Manuel.]

    n.d.i  Plants and people of the Sonoran Desert trail. Phoenix, Desert Botanical Garden. Map, illus., reading list. 35 pp. [This a separate printing of Anonymous (1988b), but without date or attribution to the journal in which it appeared.]

    n.d.j  Prayer leaders handbook. s.l., s.n. 22 pp. [With text in O=odham and English, this booklet outlines the words for the service of Holy Communion in the Roman Catholic church. It was in use in the church of St. Aloysius in the village of Gu Oidak (Big Fields) on the Papago Reservation in March, 1992.]

    n.d.k          A prototype Indian health information system: a summary of the initial systems

                         design. Tucson, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Health Program Systems Center. 19 pp. [This booklet summarizes the Health Information System utilized by the Health Program Systems Center which was established July, 1967 on the San Xavier Papago Reservation by the U.S. Indian Health Service.]

    n.d.l              Rain. Phoenix, The Heard Museum. Illus. 8 pp. [Although undated, this booklet to accompany an exhibit in the Heard Museum probably was published in 1994. A few paragraphs and a couple of illustrations concern the relationship between Tohono O'odham culture and rain.]

    n.d.m            San Xavier del Bac. Tucson, Franciscan Fathers, San Xavier Mission. Illus. 4 pp. [This little printed booklet, which has a brief history of Mission San Xavier del Bac and mention of the public fiestas conducted by Indians of the San Xavier village in October and December, was no doubt intended as a handout for tourists and other visitors to the mission. It was printed in at least two different versions, an earlier one when the mission=s address was Route 3, Box 290, and with a photo of the church when it lacked a wall on the east side of the complex, and a later version, perhaps the 1930s or >40s when the mission=s address was Route 3, Box 427. The latter has two photos of the church, obviously taken later than the former. The text in both is the same. The author may have been Father Mark Bucher, O.F.M.]

    n.d.n             The Sisters of St. Joseph of Carondelet. Tucson, Archives, St. Mary's Hospital & Health Center. 10 pp. [Probably written by Sister Alberta Cammack and published ca. 1991, this booklet makes note of the fact that the Sisters of St. Joseph opened a school for Papago Indian children at Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1873, "having been asked to do so by the Indian agent" (R.A. Wilbur).]

    n.d.o             Tumacacori. s.l., Southwest Parks and Monuments Association in cooperation with the National Park Service. Illus. 33 [unnumbered] pp. [With text in English and Spanish, this booklet provides a brief history and guide to the grounds of the ruins of the Spanish mission of Tumacácori in southern Arizona, a church built for the one-time O=odham residents of the community.]

    n.d.p             Two little Indians. Oakland, California, Father Procurator [of the Order of Friars Minor of the St. Barbara Province], Arizona Indian Mission. s.l., s.n. Illus. 10 pp. [This booklet is intended as an appeal for funds to support the Franciscans in their work in Indian missions in Arizona, including those among the Pima, Papago, and Apache. There are black-white-photos of the Papago village of Sil Nakya, the church at Covered Wells, the churches at Little Tucson and Havana Nakya, and of desert scenes in the Papaguería.]

    1856             Carta: Real Presidio de San Pedro de la Conquista del Pitic en la Sonora, escribe: Junio 24, 1744. In Documentos para la historia de México, 3rd series, Vol. 4, pp. 675-82. México, D.F., Imprenta de Vicente García Torres. [The Piman Indians of northern Sonora are discussed, as is the fact that Papagos were said at times to have moved from their settlements west of the Santa Cruz River to live in settlements of other Pimans on the Santa Cruz.]

    1884a           History of Arizona Territory showing its resources and advantages; with illustrations descriptive of its scenery, residences, farms, mines, mills, hotels, business houses, schools, churches, &c. from original drawings. San Francisco, Wallace E. Elliott & Co. Publishers. [A short section is titled "Papago Reservation" (p. 179), and there is a list of fifteen Papago villages naming their chiefs and giving population sizes. Illustrated.]

    1884b           La collections ten Kate au Musée d'Ethnographie de Leyde. Revue d'Ethnographie, Vol. 3, p. 177. Paris, Libraire de la Société Asiatique de l'École des Langues Orientales Vivantes, etc. [This notice is based on a catalogue published in the Nederlandsche Staats-Courant from March 25 to May 10, 1884, listing items turned over by ten Kate to the Leyden Ethnographic Museum in Holland. Included are "thirty-six objects belonging to the Papagos, Pimas and Yaquis."]

    1890             Tucson Indian School: its lands, buildings and methods of work, also a brief history of the school, with a short account of the Pima and Papago Indians: incidents connected with the work. Tucson, printed at the office of the Arizona Star. 22 pp. [The title is the abstract.]

    1896             A historical and biographical record of the Territory of Arizona. Chicago, McFarland & Poole Publishers. Illus. 612 pp. [A black-and-white photo of Mission San Xavier del Bac is opposite p. 114. There are references to Papagos on pp. 68-69: Papagos had difficulties complying with Jesuit insistence that they cut their hair short; similarities between Papagos and Pimas; Papagos compelled to leave Pima country and retire to the Santa Cruz; the name "Papago" in the Indian language means "belonging to the Pope"; and the first horses seen by Papagos were in the hands of the Apaches. Most, if not all, of the information is erroneous.]

    1906             A study in still life -- Papago Reservation. University of Arizona Monthly, Vol. 7, no. 4 (February), facing p. 299. Tucson, Students of the University of Arizona. [This is a black-and-white photo of two houses and a brush enclosure on the San Xavier Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1910             The Altar gold placer fields of Sonora, Mexico. Engineering and Mining Journal, Vol. 90, no. 14 (October), pp. 651-53. New York, Hill Publishing Company. [It is asserted (p. 653) that a Papago Indian named Huaquila made the original discovery of gold at Las Palomas. Illustrated.]

    1914             Papago reservation. Native American, Vol. 15, no. 41 (December), pp. 521-23. Phoenix, Indian Printers, Apprentices at the United States Indian Training School. [Haven't seen the article, but given the date it must refer to the San Xavier Indian Reservation.]

    1918             How Papagoes stopped a flood. Arizona, Vol. 8, nos 3-4 (April-May), p. 12. Phoenix, State Publishing Company. [About the Papago Children's Shrine (Aali Hiyain) at Santa Rosa on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1919             Fifth annual Papago Indian Fair. Premium list and program, October 27, 28, 29. Sells, Arizona. [Contains regulations, general information, list of officers and committee members. There are also lists of prizes for first and second in the following categories: agriculture, livestock, domestic art, domestic science, education, sports, and baby contest.]

    1920a           Fifth annual Papago Indian Fair. Premium list and program, October 27, 28, 29, and 30. Sells, Arizona. [The title is a misprint. It should be the "Sixth annual Papago Indian Fair." It contains a list of directors from each village, committee members, programs, and a list of first and second place prizes in the categories of agriculture, livestock, domestic art and science, sports, education, and baby contest.]

    1920b           The White Dove of the Desert. Franciscan Herald, Vol. 9, no. 2 (December), front cover. Chicago, Friars Minor of the Sacred Heart Province. [Distant view in a black-and-white photo of the southwest elevation of Mission San Xavier del Bac. This may be the earliest reference in print, other, perhaps, than in newspaper accounts, to the mission as "The White Dove of the Desert."]

    1921a           San Solano Missions, Arizona. Franciscan Herald, Vol. 9, no. 5 (March), p. 160. Chicago, Friars Minor of the Sacred Heart Province. [A paragraph under the heading, "Franciscan News," reads: "Fr. Augustine (Schwarz), active among the Pimas, writes to say that he has begun work on a new church and school at Cowlik. He hopes to have it completed by September, so that everything may be ready for the dedication in October, when three other churches will be blessed, at Santa Rosa, Comobabi and Sells."]

    1921b           Sells, Arizona. Franciscan Herald, Vol. 9, no. 10 (August), p. 318. Chicago, Friars Minor of the Sacred Heart Province. [A note reads: "Sells is the Government Headquarters for the Papago Indians. The agency consists of a very picturesque group of buildings, comprising an office, a spacious day school, several beautiful dwellings for the officials, and a large, well-equipped hospital. All that was necessary to complete this imposing group was a mission chapel. Since the poverty of the Indians made it impossible for them to bear the whole expense of building the church, Miss Sarah J. Duggan, of Philadelphia, and the Marquette League, of New York City, generously came to their assistance. The end of a year of work and worry saw the completion of the Chapel of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, in memory of the Rev. John Duggan, S.J. (deceased). The Right Rev. Henry Granjon performed the ceremonies of dedication. Nine priests, including the Rev. Thomas Connolly, of Tucson, who delivered the dedicatory sermon, and a very large number of Indians were present. The famous St. John's Mission School band had come 130 miles, through sagebrush and over sandy roads to furnish music for the occasion. Under the able direction of Mr. Celso Riviera, the boys acquitted themselves very creditably. The celebration lasted two days, after which all returned to their homes, strengthened in their holy religion and eager to spread its blessings to their less fortunate tribesmen."]

    1921c           White Dove of the Desert. Franciscan Herald, Vol. 9, no. 7 (May), front cover. Chicago, Friars Minor of the Sacred Heart Province. [The same as Anonymous 1920.]

    1921d           The White Dove of the Desert. Franciscan Herald, Vol. 9, no. 8 (June), front cover. Chicago, Friars Minor of the Sacred Heart Province. [A black-and-white photo of the east-southeast elevation of Mission San Xavier del Bac.]

    1922a           A chance for you. Franciscan Herald, Vol. 10, no. 2 (February), pp. 60-61. Chicago, Friars Minor of the Sacred Heart Province. [This is about the St. John's Mission church at Komatke on the Gila River Indian Reservation that served both Pima and Papago Indians before it burned down. It is an appeal for funds to build a new church, one illustrated with three black-and-white photos showing the exterior and interior of the former church and the exterior of the girls' dormitory, a two-story adobe structure.]

    1922b           Great joy at St. John's Mission. Franciscan Herald, Vol. 10, no. 3 (March), pp. 110-11. Chicago, Friars Minor of the Sacred Heart Province. [About participation of Pima and Papago students from St. John's school on the Gila River Indian Reservation in a parade held in Phoenix on November 11, 1921. The school won first prize in its division in the parade. Two black-and-white photos show a nun with Indian girl students and a friar with Indian boy students.]

    1923a           History of the Papago Indians. El Palacio, Vol. 14, no. 7 (April 2), pp. 96-98. Santa Fe, Museum of New Mexico and the School of American Research. [An outline of the history of the Papago Indians, from 1539 to 1908, taken from a report prepared for the U.S. Indian Service by Col. Ralph E. Twitchell.]

    1923b           Pueblo [sic] women carrying ollas on their heads. Indian Sentinel, Vol. 3, no. 4 (October), p. 166. Washington, D.C., Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions. [Accompanying an article by Grace Smith on a visit made by her to the Pueblo Indians of New Mexico, this is a black-and-white photo of Papago women on the San Xavier Indian Reservation holding pottery jars on their heads.]

    1926             [Untitled.] Franciscan Herald, Vol. 14, no. 3 (March), p. 115. Chicago, Friars Minor of the Sacred Heart Province. [A black-and-white photo of the dedication of St. Catherine's church in Topawa on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1928a           [Black-and-white photo of the southwest elevation of the church of Mission San Xavier del Bac.] Arizona Old and New, Vol. 1, no. 5 (November-December), front cover. Phoenix, The Arizona Museum. [The cover design is credited to the Kiva Studios.]

    1928b           Papagoes dance for rain. Arizona Old and New, Vol. 1, no. 5 (November-December), p. 28. Phoenix, The Arizona Museum. [An article datelined Ajo, Ariz., reports on a rain dance held by Papago Indians to which whites were invited. Sixteen men danced "for more than an hour around a tall pole, on the top of which was perched the grotesque 'rain bird,' one of the most picturesque symbols in the Indian mythology. The rain dance was held on the Papago reservation, 35 miles from here. ... Following the rain dance, a general dance for whites and Indians was held which lasted until daybreak."]

    1929             The sahuaro cactus. Science, Vol. 70, new series, no. 1821 (November 22), p. xii. New York, The Science Press. [A seven-paragraph summary of Thackery and Leding (1929) on the Papagos' harvesting and use of the fruit of the saguaro cactus.]

    1930a           Cactus orchards. Masterkey, Vol. 4, no. 3 (August/September), p. 94. Los Angeles, Southwest Museum. [A note on Papagos' use of saguaro cactus fruit.]

    1930b           Papago Indian Reservation. Tucson, Vol. 3, no. 8 (August), pp. 4-5. Tucson, Chamber of Commerce. [A general discussion concerning both the Sells and San Xavier reservations. Illustrated.]

    1931             Southern Arizona missions. Progressive Arizona, Vol. 11, no. 7 (March), pp. 17, 20. Tucson, W.H. Kelly and Dorothea S. Kelly. [In this article taken from the Tucson Visitors' Guide, the focus is on mission San Xavier del Bac. There is also brief discussion of Mission Tumacacori.]

    1932a           Industry and devotion. Tucson, Vol. 5, no. 4 (April), front cover. Tucson, Chamber of Commerce. [A black-and-white photo of a Papago woman using a mano and metate. Mission San Xavier del Bac is in the background.]

    1932b           Routes to Indian agencies and schools. Phoenix, U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs, Phoenix School Print Shop. 58 pp. [The post office and telegraph address, nearest railroad station, and altitude are listed for the "Sells Agency, Arizona," with similar information being provided for the Sells day school, San Xavier day school, Santa Rosa day school, Vamori day school, and Mission school (pp. 37-38).]

    1934a           Baboquivari is taken. Indians at Work, Vol. 1, no. 15 (March 15), pp. 16-21. Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs. [This is the story of the construction of a fire lookout tower built by fifty Indian youths on top of Baboquivari Peak on the Papago Indian Reservation. The young men were employed by the IEWC (Indian Emergency Conservation Work) program.]

    1934b           San Xavier del Bac. Tucson, Vol. 7, no. 3 (March), pp. 6, 9. Tucson, Chamber of Commerce. [This is an article from the St. Anthony Messenger describing Mission San Xavier del Bac, one illustrated by a black-and-white photo of the east elevation of the mission.]

    1935             Recent jewelry find. Kiva, Vol. 1, no. 3 (November), p. 4. Tucson, Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society. [About a Papago road worker who found a pottery vessel containing three shell-and-turquoise necklaces, probably prehistoric, near Santa Rosa on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1936             [Untitled.] Indians at Work, Vol. 4, no. 7 (November 15), front cover, p. 33. Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs. [As indicated on p. 33, the front cover has an illustration that depicts a Papago basket design.]

    1937             The Papago council. Indians at Work, Vol. 4, nos. 18-19 (May), p. 17. Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs. [Listed are the fifteen members of the Papago tribal council and the areas they represent. The group is shown in a black-and-white photo.]

    1938a           Book truck serves Indian schools in southern Arizona. Indians at Work, Vol. 5, no. 9 (May), p. 27. U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs. [A book truck serves as a library for the Papago, Pima, and other southern Arizona tribes. Illustrated.]

    1938b           Congratulations to our jubilarians. Provincial Annals, Vol. 1, no. 1 (October), p. 17. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Included here are congratulations to Franciscan fathers Nicholas Perschl and Vincent Arbeiter, both of whom are noted as having worked as missionaries among the Papago and Pima Indians.]

    1938c           Crafts of the Papagos. Indians at Work, Vol. 5, no. 7 (March), pp. 24-27. Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs. [There is brief mention of Papago pottery and other crafts, with a longer discussion of Papago basketry, including materials, techniques, and marketing. Black-and-white photos of a Papago basketmaker, Papago cooking pot and storage vessels, Papago willow basket, additional pottery, and horsehair belts.]

    1938d           Fray Francisco Garces receives recognition. Provincial Annals, Vol. 1, no. 1 (October), p. 23. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [This is about Fr. Francisco Garcés, the first Franciscan to serve at Mission San Xavier del Bac, and about a statue of him to be sculptured in Indiana limestone by John Palo-Kangas and placed in a traffic circle in Bakersfield, California. Also see Powell 1974b: 253.]

    1938e           Here and there ... on the desert. Desert Magazine, Vol. 1, no. 4 (February), pp. 24-25. El Centro, California, Desert Publishing Company. [Under the heading of "Tucson, Arizona," is a note saying Mission San Xavier del Bac sacristan Cornelio Norris succeeded "chief" Leonard Rios in that capacity in December, 1937, ceremonies. What actually occurred was that Norris succeeded Rios as head of the San Xavier Feast committee.]

    1938f            Pima basket takes high award at ceremonial. Desert Magazine, Vol. 1, no. 12 (October), p. 17. El Centro, California, Desert Publishing Company. [A note about the Inter-Tribal Ceremonial held in Gallup, New Mexico, mentions Papagos as having won awards for pottery and basketry.]

    1939a           Acknowledgments. Provincial Annals, Vol. 1, no. 3 (June), pp. 56-58. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Acknowledged here are gifts sent to the Santa Barbara Mission Archives that included copies of the January, 1939 People's Magazine of Arizona with an article about Father Bonaventure Oblasser and photos of Mission San Xavier del Bac; of the February, 1939 issue with an article by John D. Mitchell, "Baboquivari and the Golden Owls"; and of the Tucson Daily Citizen of February 21, 1939, with articles about Father Bonaventure, Franciscans' work among Papagos, and missions San Xavier del Bac and Tumacacori.]

    1939b           Arizoniques. Arizona Highways, Vol. 15, no. 2 (February), outside back cover. Phoenix, Arizona Highway Department. [Among the many notes here is one which reads, "San Xavier del Bac, early Spanish mission nine miles south of Tucson is conceded to be the finest of all the missions and the most perfect example of pure mission architecture. A leading French architect connected with the Beaux Arts Institute in Paris recently declared it to be the finest piece of architecture on the American continent."]

    1939c           Arizoniques. Arizona Highways, Vol. 15, no. 4 (April), inside back cover. Phoenix, Arizona Highway Department. [One item reads, "There is a tradition that $60,000 worth of silver utensils once decorated the altar of San Xavier mission, nine miles south of Tucson, and that this metal was mined in the Santa Rita mountains nearby."]

    1939d           Desert place names. Desert Magazine, Vol. 2, no. 8 (June), p. 40. El Centro, California, Desert Publishing Company. [A note concerning Mission Camp, Yuma County, Arizona, says that a road runs south from it to the Papago country and into Mexico.]

    1939e           Garces statue dedicated, Bakersfield, California, May 7, 1939. Provincial Annals, Vol. 1, no. 4 (July), pp. 20-24. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [A detailed account of formal ceremonies attending the unveiling of the statue of Franciscan Father Francisco Garcés sculptured by John Palo-Kangas. The program for the unveiling is reproduced as is the Franciscan tribute delivered by Father Augustine Hobrecht. Fr. Garcés was assigned to the Pimans at Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1768, although his work among Pimans is not cited here.]

    1939f            Here and there about the province. Provincial Annals, Vol. 1, no. 4 (July), pp. 57-60. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Among the news items listed here is one about a school paper, the Old Mission Gazette, started by Papago students in the parochial school at Mission San Xavier; one noting that Mission San Xavier had obtained the beneplacitum apostolicum; and a third observing that Father Burkard Kaksht (i.e., Kuksht) was about to start building a church at Akchin on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1939g           Here and there in the province. Provincial Annals, Vol. 2, no. 1 (October), pp. 65-68. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Given notice here: Fr. Augustine Schwarz, a friar stationed at Topawa on the Papago Indian Reservation, celebrated his silver jubilee as a Franciscan priest; an article on the modern Papago Reservation appeared in the March 1, 1939 issue of a publication by the American Association of Indian Affairs, Inc.; and on Saturday night, July 22, 1939, lightning struck the west bell tower of Mission San Xavier del Bac, destroying the cupola and Fr. Mark Bucher's electric razor. Also quoted is an article about this lightning strike that appeared in the Tucson Daily Citizen: "From there (the lightning) jumped to the roof over the choir loft, then spread over most of the building, but did no damage to the priceless decorations and murals about the altar in the front part of the main auditorium which was re-decorated in 1938 by George Marshall Crone."]

    1939h           Here and there ... on the desert. Desert Magazine, Vol. 2, no. 3 (January), pp. 26-27. El Centro, California, Desert Publishing Company. [Under the heading, "Tucson, Arizona," is a note about Father Bonaventure Oblasser's talk concerning Fray Marcos de Niza and Bonaventure's planned 1939 parade to be led by him followed by Papago Indians -- all as part of the 400th anniversary celebration of the coming of Fray Marcos de Niza to Arizona.]

    1939i            Here and there ... on the desert. Desert Magazine, Vol. 2, no. 8 (June), p. 38. El Centro, California, Desert Publishing Company. [A note tells about a Papago named José María turning over to the Arizona State Museum a Papago calendar stick, a stick which he carefully copied before giving the museum the original stick.]

    1939j            Here and there ... on the desert. Desert Magazine, Vol. 2, no. 12 (October), pp. 26-27. El Centro, California, Desert Publishing Company. [Under "Tucson, Arizona," is the following note: "Immediate repair or immediate ruin faces historic San Xavier mission. Rev. Mark Bucher, pastor of San Xavier, is authority for the statement. Lightning in July shattered the cupola of the west tower of the 200-year-old building. Recent rains draining through cracks opened by the bolt are now softening adobe (sic) towers which threaten to crash into the interior of the church. Cost of repairs is estimated at $1,000. To Father Ildephonse, superior of the Franciscan Order in Oakland, California, a letter of urgent appeal has been sent, the public is asked to help in raising funds."]

    1939k           Here and there ... on the desert. Desert Magazine, Vol. 3, no. 2 (December), pp. 42-43. El Centro, California, Desert Publishing Company. [Under "Tucson, Arizona," is a note observing that Papago Indians are excavating an archaeological site south of Sells on the Papago Indian Reservation under direction of anthropology graduate student Arnold Withers.]

    1939l            Items of provincial interest. Provincial Annals, Vol. 1, no. 2 (February), pp. 42-44. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [There is mention here of an article about Mission San Xavier by Jo-Shipley Watson (1938) and about a booklet on Fray Marcos de Niza written by Franciscan missionary Bonaventure Oblasser, stationed at the San Solano Mission in Topawa on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1939m          Modern friar retraces ancient trail. Dedicates life to advancing of Papagos. Constructs school for Indians in huge reservation. Provincial Annals, Vol. 3, no. 1 (June), pp. 45-48. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [The title is quoted from the heading of an article that appeared in the Tucson Daily Citizen on February 21, 1939. The article tells about Father Bonaventure's missionary efforts among Papagos, and quotes him at length concerning his overseeing construction of day schools at Topawa and Little Tucson. He also recounts his earliest weeks on the reservation and tells about building schools at "Cuecu" (Chuichu), Gila Bend, and San Miguel.]

    1939n           Old Mission San Xavier del Bac, Tucson, Arizona. Provincial Annals, Vol. 1, no. 4 (July), pp. 31-33. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [News items listed here are the death, on June 9, 1939, and funeral of Agnes Narcho; the June 11 Corpus Christi procession; and a Papago field day program involving ball games, boxing, and a dinner.]

    1939o           Papago constitution a model for self-government. Indians at Work, Vol. 5, no. 9 (May), p. 22. Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs. [This is a brief discussion of the constitution of the Papago Tribe of Arizona and tribal government.]

    1939p           Papago councils. Newsletter, no. 5. New York, American Association on Indian Affairs.

    1939q           Papago - land. Provincial Annals, Vol. 2, no. 1 (October), p. 66. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [An item taken from the March 1, 1939 publication of the American Association of Indian Affairs, Inc., lauds the participation of Papago Indians in their own affairs on the reservation, citing examples in such areas a road construction projects, extension projects, and water development.]

    1939r           Papagos celebrate their patronal feast. Provincial Annals, Vol. 1, no. 3 (June), pp. 32-35. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [A detailed description of the celebration by Papago Indians at San Xavier del Bac of the Feast of San Francisco Xavier, December 2-4, 1938. All Feast Committee members are named as are the priests who were the celebrants. There is also a note about the nutritional program for Papago children attending the parochial school at San Xavier.]

    1939s           Papagos manage own fair and rodeo. Indians at Work, Vol. 7, no. 4 (December), pp. 19-20. Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs. [This is an article about the third annual Papago Fair and Rodeo held at the Sells Agency on November 10-12, 1939.]

    1939t            The shades of a hare. Provincial Annals, Vol. 1, no. 4 (July), pp. 49-50. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [This is about a short-lived newsletter, the YEKREBBIT, published and distributed by Franciscan missionaries in southern Arizona in the teens of the 20th century. Copies are in the mission archives at Mission Santa Barbara, California.]

    1939u           Sunshine serenade. Arizona Highways, Vol. 15, no. 12 (December), pp. 19-34. Phoenix, Arizona Highway Department. [This is a portfolio of black-and-white photographs of scenery and tourist attractions in the Sonoran Desert of southern Arizona, one with a list of places to stay. There is a photo of the east elevation of the mortuary chapel at San Xavier del Bac; of the south elevation of the church of San Xavier del Bac; and of some eight adobe structures and a corral in an unnamed village on the Papago Indian Reservation, "Papagoland" in the caption.]

    1939v           Tucson, Arizona. Provincial Annals, Vol. 2, no. 1 (October), p. 66. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Condensing a report taken from the Tucson Daily Citizen, this article notes that on the night of July 22, 1939, Ain one of the worst electric storms in memory of the Papago Indians on the San Xavier reservation,@ lightning struck the cupola on the west tower of Mission San Xavier del Bac, nearly destroying it completely. Father Mark Bucher, who was at the mission at the time, supplied much of the information. He mentions that in 1938 George Marshall Crone had Aredecorated@the Afront art of the main auditorium,@ and that it was not damaged by the lightning strike.]

    1939w          Tumacacori Mission preserved. Provincial Annals, Vol. 1, no. 4 (July), pp. 19-20. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [An account of the April 23, 1939 dedication of the new $30,000 museum built at Mission Tumacacori, one of the Pimería Alta churches founded by Father Eusebio Francisco Kino in the late 17th century.]

    1939x           The Very Rev. Ferdinand Ortiz, O.F.M., Provincial. Provincial Annals, Vol. 1, no. 2 (February), pp. 47-48. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Franciscan missionary (and Tucson native) Ferdinand Ortiz has become Provincial of the Franciscans' Holy Gospel Province in Mexico with headquarters in Mexico City. He has been praeses (superior) at Mission San Xavier del Bac, and his replacement as praeses at San Xavier is Father Mark Bucher.]

    1940a           Dedication of Papago Indian chapel at Gunsight, Arizona. Provincial Annals, Vol. 2, no. 4 (July), pp. 56-57. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Details of dedication of the new church, one dedicated to San Martín, at Gunsight on the Papago Indian Reservation. Article is reprinted from the Arizona Catholic Herald of April 14, 1940.]

    1940b           Garces Memorial Hall, Ft. Yuma, California, dedicated. Provincial Annals, Vol. 2, no. 4 (July), pp. 53-54. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Details of the April 28, 1940 dedication of this hall on the Ft. Yuma Reservation for Quechan Indians, a hall dedicated to Father Francisco Garcés, the missionary who was assigned to Mission San Xavier del Bac among the Pimans in 1768.]

    1940c           Here and there in the province. Provincial Annals, Vol. 2, no. 2 (January), pp. 65-66. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Included here is information about dedication of the "Highway of the Padres" between Nogales and the southern edge of Pima County, with the dedication of shrines along the route honoring Father Juan de San Martín, S.J., first pastor of Tumacacori Mission (as a visita of Guevavi, where he was stationed); Father Eusebio Francisco Kino, S.J.; and Fray Marcos de Niza, O.F.M. Also mentioned is construction of an adobe chapel by Papago Indians dedicated to St. Paul the Apostle at Fresnal on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1940d           Here and there ... on the desert. Desert Magazine, Vol. 3, no. 4 (February), pp. 38-39. El Centro, California, Desert Publishing Company. [Under "Tucson, Arizona," is a note that reads: "Fire, destroying $1,000 worth of property on the right wing of the 200-year-old San Xavier del Bac mission, has delayed work of restoring the ancient edifice. Priests had raised $1,000 to repair damage caused by lightning. Now they must ask for more money."]

    1940e           Ickes report indicates serious Indian problem. Desert Magazine, Vol. 3, no. 5 (March), p. 25. El Centro, California, Desert Publishing Company. [There is a lengthy quote here from the annual report of Secretary of the Interior Harold L. Ickes concerning the economic plight of the Papago Indians. A plea is also made for soil conservation on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1940f            Memorable confirmation tour through the Papago desert. Provincial Annals, Vol. 2, no. 4 (July), pp. 54-56. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Reprinted from the April 21, 1940 Arizona Catholic Herald, this article recounts a confirmation tour of the Papago Indian Reservation made by Bishop Daniel J. Gercke riding in the car of Fr. Augustine Schwarz, O.F.M. Some 379 persons from twenty villages congregated in eight locations on the reservation to receive confirmation. The article also tells about Bishop Henri Granjon's 1915 visit to the reservation to bless chapels that had been built by Father Bonaventure Oblasser, O.F.M., at Little Tucson and Topawa on what became the reservation in 1916.]

    1940g           News items from the great Papago domain in Arizona. Provincial Annals, Vol. 2, no. 2 (January), pp. 37-41. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Summarized here are 37 pages of news submitted by Fr. Augustine Schwarz, O.F.M., from Topawa on the Papago Indian Reservation. The activities of both friars and nuns on the reservation and in Ajo are discussed, as is the annual October 4 fiesta in honor of San Francisco in Magdalena, Sonora. Further discussed is the annual migration of Papagos to the cotton fields; the All Souls' Day celebration; and two prospectors working in Papago country, Barney Goodman, a Jew, and George Maxwell, a Catholic.]

    1940h           Notes and news; southwestern area. American Antiquity, Vol. 5, no. 4 (April), pp. 342-46. Menasha, Wisconsin, Society for American Archaeology. [Reference is made to archaeological and ethnological projects in the Papago country being carried out by the Arizona State Museum (pp. 342-43).]

    1940i            On the trail of the padres in Pima and Papago-land. Provincial Annals, Vol. 3, no. 1 (October), pp. 17-21. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Diary-like entries written by a Franciscan missionary (Augustine Schwarz?) working on the Papago Reservation are reproduced here. They describe reservation matters for the months of June, July, and August, 1940. Mention is made of the annual saguaro fruit harvest and of Papago medicine men, as well as of Father Marcian Bucher, O.F.M., who was getting money to build a new chapel on the reservation at Cold Fields.]

    1940j            Papago, the Desert People, cling to their ancient ways but adapt themselves to modern methods too. Indians at Work, Vol. 8, no. 4 (December), pp. 3-5. Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs. [This article deals chiefly with the history leading up to and construction of the Papago Community House in Sells, Arizona. Included is a short discussion of Papago reaction to the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934; of the Papago arts and crafts industry; and of Papago government.]

   1940k            Program, November 9, 10 & 11. Sells, Arizona, s.n. Maps. 15 pp. [Contents of this program for the Papago Indian Fair and Rodeo include four one-page articles on the following subjects: the story of the Papago people; the story of the reservation; the organization of the Papago Tribe; and the United States Indian Service. Maps of Sells, where the fair and rodeo were held, and of the Papago Reservation are included.]

    1940l            The province in briefer review. Provincial Annals, Vol. 2, no. 3 (April), pp. 63-65. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Notice is given of articles by Father Julian Giradot and others that appeared in the Indian Sentinel of February, 1940, concerning missionary work among Papagos. Also mentioned is the fact that the west tower struck by lightning at Mission San Xavier del Bac is being repaired under the direction of Mr. (Eleazar) Herreras, and that work will begin on the balustrades on both bell towers.]

    1940m          The province in briefer review. Provincial Annals, Vol. 2, no. 4 (July). pp. 64-65. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Mentioned are two articles in the Indian Sentinel of April, 1940, one by Papago Indian Joseph Lopez on how Covered Wells got its name and another by Father Marcian Bucher describing the confirmation tour on the reservation made by Bishop Daniel Gercke.]

    1940n           Sixth triennial convention of the Third Order, Phoenix, Arizona. Provincial Annals, Vol. 2, no. 2 (January), pp. 8-16. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [A report of this meeting, held November 19-21, 1939, notes a visit made by the group to Mission San Xavier del Bac, "perhaps the most beautiful of the old missions in the United States." Father Felix Pudlowski, O.F.M., is San Xavier's praeses. Among those in attendance at the conference were Franciscan fathers Regis Rohder and Marcian Bucher of Topawa.]

    1940o           Sketches of missionary life in Papago-land, Topawa, Arizona. Provincial Annals, Vol. 2, no. 3 (April), pp. 21-27. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Almost certainly written by Father Augustine Schwarz, this article outlines a typical day in the life of a missionary among the Papagos by telling what Father Regis Rohder did in a single day (visited the village of Emika, slept in his truck, etc.). Also discussed: cold weather, centipede bites, importance of Angelus bells among people who have neither clocks nor watches, pumping of water, lightning storms, village settlement patterns, Indian clothing, desert beauty, funerals, Christmas observance, New Year's observance, tuberculosis, and Indian personality.]

    1940p           T.B. Hall leaves Papago Reservation to become superintendent at Osage. Indians at Work, Vol. 8, no. 4 (December), p. 23. Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs. [Theodore B. Hall, Superintendent of the Papago Agency at Sells, Arizona since 1934, has been appointed Superintendent of the Osage Agency.]

    1940q           Tumacacori National Monument, Arizona. [Washington, D.C.], U.S. Government Printing Office. Map, illus. 14 pp. [Accompanied by sixteen black-and-white photographs of the church and other buildings on the grounds of Tumacacori National Monument in southern Arizona, the story is relayed here of the early missionaries in the Pimería Alta; of the life of Father Eusebio Kino, the pioneer missionary among the Northern Pimans; of the mission=s status after the expulsion of the Jesuits in 1767; and of the mission=s abandonment when the region was a part of the Republic of Mexico.]

    1940r           Who built Mission San Xavier del Bac? Provincial Annals, Vol. 2, no. 2 (January), pp. 21-27. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [The anonymous editor of this article, probably Father Maynard Geiger, writes an introduction before reprinting in full Father Mark Bucher's essay on the topic that appeared originally in the February, 1936 issue of the Hispanic American Historical Review, and summarizing Father Marion Habig's article on the topic that appeared originally in the October, 1937 issue of the Southwestern Historical Quarterly. Father Bucher concluded that Kino's original church (never finished) at San Xavier was located in a field lying to the north of the present village of Bac. Habig noted, correctly, that the present church of San Xavier was built by Franciscans, and he quotes Father Bonaventure concerning Ignacio Gaona, saying the latter fell off the building and was killed, which is why the church wasn't finished (east bell tower was left unfinished).]

    1940s           With the seraphic torchbearers among the sahuaro. Provincial Annals, Vol. 2, no. 4 (July), pp. 26-34. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Probably written by Father Augustine Schwarz, this account discusses variants of English and Papago spoken by people on the reservation; basketmaking and its economic importance; magazines and comic books needed; cows; cactus fruits; a Papago woman named Elizabeth who's been a teacher for 25 years; night life among young people on the reservation; Palm Sunday observance; importance of priests' cars; new church dedicated in Fresnal (Chiavulitak, or "Sitting Bowl Cactus"); May procession for the Virgin Mary; roundup of cattle; how Papagos behave in church; Corpus Christi observance; and the closing of schools for the year.]

    1941a           Happenings in the province twenty-five years ago. Provincial Annals, Vol. 3, no. 2 (January), pp. 59-62. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [On March 15, 1916, Franciscan fathers Nicholas Perschl, Bonaventure Oblasser, and Tiburtius Wand took the very reverends Hugolinus Storff and Samuel Macke on a 300-miles tour of the Papago country, starting at Mission San Xavier del Bac.]

    1941b           Honey for the Papago - and others. Indian Education, Vol. 5, no. 63 (November 15), pp. 5-6. Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs. [Bee keeping is introduced at the Sells school on the Papago Indian Reservation as a potential source of income.]

    1941c           Items from the land of Kino and Garces. Provincial Annals, Vol. 3, no. 4 (July 1), pp. 24-26. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [This is about Franciscan missionary work in the Papago country, including that at Ajo, where permission was gained for Indians to have a Sunday Mass in the Catholic church belonging to non-Indians. It also tells about the visit of Father Bede (known to the Indians as Father Daniel) Matson to the village of Emika and the warm reception he received there.]

    1941d           Papago Indians on way to Indian CCC anniversary celebration. Indians at Work, Vol. 8, no. 8 (April), back cover. Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs. [This is a black-and-white photo of a Papago man and woman going down the road in a wagon.]

    1941e           Snakes, ocotillo, scholars, saints -- all from the desert. Provincial Annals, Vol. 3, no. 3 (April), pp. 48-49. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Included here is information about transfers of various Franciscan missionaries in Papago country. There is also an extended account of the death from tuberculosis of a saint-like 15-year-old Papago girl from Little Tucson.]

    1941f            When autumn comes to Papago-land. Provincial Annals, Vol. 3, no. 2 (January), pp. 41-43. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Noted in this summary of recent Franciscan activities among Papagos are building activities; new teaching nuns; the Magdalena fiesta; All Souls Day observances; plans by archaeologists to excavate Batki; and plans for an exhibit of Papago basketry and other Papago crafts in New York at the Museum of Modern Art. Also: ABy the end of September the Indians are usually on their way to the shrine of San Francisco at Magdalena in Sonora. Owing to the unpleasant experiences that had at the border last year, many remained home and celebrated in their own villages. We venture to say that San Xavier will eventually become a pilgrim shrine.@]

    1943a           Here and there in the province. Provincial Annals, Vol. 5, no. 1 (January), pp. 56-57. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Changes in stations of Franciscan missionaries working among Papago Indians are reported here as is news concerning Mission San Xavier del Bac: number of students enrolled in the San Xavier school; the transfer of (Brother) Eugene Temple, O.F.M., who had been at the mission for three years; etc. etc.]

    1943b           Here and there in the province and beyond. Provincial Annals, Vol. 5, no. 3 (July), pp. 71-73. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Included is a list of priests and others who visited Mission San Xavier del Bac in April and May of 1943 as well as a discussion of events among Franciscan missionaries on the Papago Reservation and at Topawa. Mention is made of the good work being done by Father Bede (Matson) at the new church in Ajo.]

    1943c           "I love the cry of coyotes --" Papago explains why his people work for victory. Indians at Work, Vol. 10, nos 2-6, pp. 48-50. Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of the Interior, Office of Indian Affairs. [About a talk given by Richard Hendricks, a member of the Papago Tribal Council, during World War II concerning Papago support of the government. Includes additional information regarding Papago aid of the war effort.]

    1943d           New Indian mission dedicated at Ajo, Arizona. Provincial Annals, Vol. 5, no. 1 (January), p. 59. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [This notice about the opening on October 21, 1942 of a new church for Papago Indians in Ajo, Arizona, describes the church in considerable detail.]

     1943e          San Solano Missions, Topawa, Arizona. Provincial Annals, Vol. 5, no. 4 (October), pp. 33-36. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Activities by Franciscan missionaries on the Papago Reservation for the months of April and June, 1943 are recounted. There are details concerning the work of Father Daniel (Matson) at Ajo; Presbyterian missionary efforts on the reservation; Papagos' views toward rattlesnakes; deaths of infants during the dry season; Papago finances; domestic dogs; and the patronal feast at the village of Big Fields.]

    1944a           City of Tucson. Arizona Highways, Vol. 20. No. 1 (January), pp. 2-15. Phoenix, Arizona Highway Department. [Illustrated with 46 black-and-white photographs, this article unabashedly promotes Tucson as a good place to live and to visit. Included in the essay is a paragraph saying, ABeautiful San Xavier del Bac, the >White Dove of the Desert.= ... is said to be the finest example of pure mission architecture in the United States. Completed in 1797, this lovely shrine has been and is still being used as a house of worship by the Pima and Papago Indians, and is one of the west=s great sites.@ Also mentioned is the fact that in 1700 Father (Eusebio) Kino Astarted to build (sic) the now famed mission, San Xavier del Bac to the south of the Indian village which he called San Cosme del Tucson. Gradually he was followed by Spanish ranchers and mining men who began to take the country away from the Indians.@]

    1944b           The San Solano Missions, Topawa, Arizona (April-Oct., 1943). Provincial Annals, Vol. 6, no. 1 (January), pp. 32-34. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [An article about Franciscan missionary activities among Papagos is accompanied by fiveblack-and-white photographs showing various Papago mission structures. The news items concern a spring drought; Holy Thursday observance; a new feast house at Topawa; vahtos (ramadas); school buses and horse transportation; a Papago killed by lightning; WPA funds for food; etc.]

    1945a           The San Solano Missions, Arizona. Provincial Annals, Vol. 7, no. 1 (January), pp. 38-39. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [Among these news items concerning Franciscans' missionary activities among Papagos is one mentioning completion of a new chapel at Cold Fields and its dedication on June 13, 1944.]

    1945b           An unusual Papago storage basket. Masterkey, Vol. 19, no. 6 (November), front cover. Los Angeles, California, Southwest Museum. [This is a black-and-white photograph of a Papago storage basket 25-inches high.]

    1946a           The Rev. Augustine Schwarz, O.F.M. (1888-1946). Provincial Annals, Vol. 8, no. 3 (July), pp. 54-57. Santa Barbara, California [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [An obituary of a Franciscan missionary who served among the Papagos at old San Solano in Cababi (KoVaya) from 1919 to 1921 and as superior of the San Solano Missions at Topawa from September, 1927 through January 1929, and again from May, 1935 through January, 1941.]

    1946b           Seed "bombs" hit Arizona. Desert Magazine, Vol. 9, no. 8 (June), p. 25. El Centro, California, Desert Press, Inc. [In April, 1946, more than a half million pellets containing grass seed were to have been dropped over 10,000 acres of the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1947a           Arizona calendar of Franciscanism B 1539-1947. In Golden Jubilee. 1897 Franciscans in Arizona 1947, edited by Thomas S. Shiya, pp. [2] - [5]. Phoenix, Catholic Relations Office at St. Mary=s. [This calendar of events concerning Franciscan activities in Arizona beginning in 1539 includes mention of Father Francisco Garcés=s service at Mission San Xavier del Bac beginning in 1768 as well as later events concerning an Xavier and other work of Franciscans among Papago Indians. It is noted that Father Matthias Rechsteiner founded Sst. Augustine Mission at Chuichu in 1907 and that Father Bonaventure Oblasser began his work in Papago country in 1910. Photos of missions San Xavier del Bac and Tumacácori are on pages 32-33.]

    1947b           San Solano Missions, Topawa, Arizona. Provincial Annals, Vol. 10, no. 1 (July), pp. 43-45. Santa Barbara, California, Province of Santa Barbara. [News about activities of Franciscan missionaries working among Papago Indians concerns construction projects, a reservation-wide safety program for Indians, schools, etc. etc.]

    1947c           San Xavier del Bac. Papagos still worship in old Spanish mission. Holiday, Vol. 2, no. 12 (December), p. 37. Philadelphia, Curtis Publishing Company. [Four color photos of Mission San Xavier, two each of interior and exterior, and a photo of Papagos in procession outside the church accompany this eight-paragraph account of the church's history -- much of it erroneous.]

    1947d           Tucson. Holiday, Vol. 2, no. 12 (December), pp. 38-39, 146-147. Philadelphia, Curtis Publishing Company. [Mission San Xavier del Bac is mentioned twice in this travel article describing Tucson, Arizona.]

    1948a           The golden jubilee of the arrival of the Franciscans in Arizona in modern times. Provincial Annals, Vol. 10, no. 3 (January), pp. 109-115. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [An article about the October, 1947 celebration of the 50 years since the arrival of Franciscans at St. Mary's in Phoenix, Arizona, in 1896 mentions briefly the Franciscans' takeover of Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1912 and missions built by them in Topawa, Cowlic, Covered Wells, Pisinemo, San Miguel and Ajo. Exterior and interior photos of the mission at Ajo are included.]

    1948b           Here and there in the province. Provincial Annals, Vol. 11, no. 1 (July), pp. 33-34. [Santa Barbara, California] [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [St. Catherine's Mission for Papago Indians was dedicated on April 30, 1948. The builders of the church and priests in charge are mentioned (p. 34).]

    1948c           The history of the Franciscan Arizona Indian missions as reflected in the Franciscan Herald (1913-1940). Provincial Annals, Vol. 11, no. 2 (October), pp. 73-79. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [This is a bibliography of all articles published in the Franciscan Herald between 1913 and 1940 that relate to Franciscan missionary work in Arizona. Many of them refer to missions and missionary work among the Papago Indians. Included also are black-and-white photographs of Papagos and Papago churches at Emika, Topawa, Pisinemo, Cowlic, and San Francisquito (Sonora).]

    1948d           A list of the Indian missions in Arizona and New Mexico. Provincial Annals, Vol. 10, no. 4 (April), pp. 188-90. [Santa Barbara, California] [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [This detailed list includes Papago missions run by the Franciscans, including headquarters churches, outlier missions, and "stations." The latter includes a list of villages with chapels and oratories. Numbers of religious and of students in Catholic churches are given as well.]

    1948e           San Solano Missions, Arizona. Provincial Annals, Vol. 11, no. 1 (July), pp. 24-26. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [News of Franciscans' work among Papagos, including a note about an article about Father Lambert Fremdling in the Arizona Daily Star of April 30, 1948; about Topawa and the new well and physical plant of the mission; about Brother Robert Schuchert's presently finishing a new church at Sil Nakya; and a note that, "The summer months find the Indians going into the mountains for the annual Suhara (saguaro) cactus fruit-picking. The delicious brown syrup flows freely and now and then comes the rumor of a wine feast in some distant village. It is not uncommon during this season for the missionary to find his village deserted on Sunday. But after two or three weeks the families return and begin to plant their fields after the first good rains." There is a photograph of Father Bonaventure Oblasser wearing a feathered Indian headdress.]

    1949             San Solano Missions, Topawa. Provincial Annals, Vol. 12, no. 2 (October), pp. 85-87. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [A black-and-white photo of San Martin's chapel at Gunsight on the Papago Indian Reservation accompanies an article telling about changes in personnel among the friars serving the reservation. Various construction projects are also discussed as is the problem of frequent transfers of priests from the Papago mission.]

    1950a           Introduction to Athe fiesta of St. Francis Xavier." Kiva, Vol. 16, nos. 1-2 (October-November), p. 1. Tucson, Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society. [During the October 4 fiesta, Magdalena, Sonora becomes a focal center for Papagos, Yaquis, Mayos, and possibly other tribes as well as Mexicans and Mexican-Americans.]

    1950b           Papagos have own program. Desert Magazine, Vol. 13, no. 6 (April), p. 33. Palm Desert, California, Desert Press, Inc. [This is a notice concerning the Papago Indian Tribe's long-range program for economic development. The notice is taken from an article that appeared in the Ajo Copper News.]

    1950c           The Rev. Mark Bucher, O.F.M. (1898-1950). Provincial Annals, Vol. 12, no. 4 (April), pp. 208-10. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [An obituary of a priest who was stationed at Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1933-34 and again in 1937-39. During the latter stay, he served temporarily as superior.]

    1952a           Arizona tribal leaders. Kiva, Vol. 18, nos. 1-2 (September/October), p. 8. Tucson, Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society. [A photograph by AReni@ shows various delegates from Arizona Indian tribes at an Institute of American Indian Assimilation in Washington, D.C., May 8-10, 1952, sponsored by the Association of American Indian Affairs. Among those present in the photo is Thomas A. Segundo, Chairman of the Papago Tribal Council.]

    1952b           Thomas Segundo selected for achievement award. The Amerindian, Vol. 1, no. 1 (September-October), p. 1. Chicago, American Indian Review. [Thomas Segundo, Chairman of the Papago Tribal Council, has been selected as recipient of the 1952 Indian Achievement Award. Illustrated.]

    1952c           Tumacacori National Monument. Saguaroland Bulletin, Vol. 6, no. 1 (January), pp. 56-, 11. Tempe, Arizona, Desert Botanical Garden of Arizona. [Summary history of Tumacacori Mission, one which has considerable mention as well of Mission San Xavier del Bac.]

    1952d           Father Felix Pudlowski, O.F.M. (1896-1952). Provincial Annals, Vol. 14, no. 4 (April), pp. 77-79. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [An obituary of a Franciscan priest who served among Papagos at the Gila River Reservation community of Santa Cruz in 1924-1926 and, for a few months in 1927, among Papagos at Topawa. He was praeses and Indian missionary at Mission San Xavier del Bac from November, 1939 until January, 1940, during which time he did some restoration at the mission (rebuilding the balustrades in the bell towers).]

    1953a           Here and there on the desert: Segundo resigns Papago post. Desert Magazine, Vol. 16, no. 8 (August), p. 29. Palm Desert, California, Desert Press, Inc. [A note taken from the Phoenix Gazette newspaper that 33-year-old Tom Segundo had resigned his post as chairman of the Papago Tribe to seek employment in Chicago where he hoped to attend law school.]

    1953b           In Arizona's ancient land of the Papagos ... . Sunset, Vol. 111, no. 5 (November), pp. 46-49. Menlo Park, California, Lane Publishing Co. [Nine black-and-white photos and a map accompany this short travel guide to the Papago Indian Reservation and immediate vicinity.]

    1953c           Their shining hour. Indian Sentinel, Vol. 33, no. 10 (December), back cover. Washington, D.C., Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions. [A black-and-white photo of two Papago girls looking at the Christmas creche set up inside Mission San Xavier del Bac.]

    1953d           The Very Rev. Fernando Ortiz, O.F.M. (1884-1952). Provincial Annals, Vol. 15, no. 4 (April), pp. 83-85. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [Obituary of a Tucson-born priest who served at Mission San Xavier del Bac as its superior in 1913 and who was at San Xavier again in 1938. His funeral services were conducted at Mission San Xavier on November 22, 1952, and are described here in considerable detail. At one point during his priestly career, Father Ortiz was Father Guardian of the Holy Gospel Province of the Order of Friars Minor in Mexico City.]

    1954a           Jubilarians of the province. Provincial Annals, Vol. 17, no. 2 (October), pp. 27-30. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [Lengthy notices are given of three friars who celebrated their golden jubilees as members of the Order of Friars Minor, including Father Gerard Brenneke, whose picture is shown, and Father Andrew Bucher. Both had missionary service among Papago Indians. Father Bucher served at Mission San Xavier del Bac for two years and Father Brenneke served for several years among Papagos at Florence Village as well as among Papagos on the main reservation. He built the school and church at Anegam and finished a church at Cababi (Ko Vaya) begun by Father Bonaventure Oblasser.]

    1954b           Loving, trustful prayer. San Solano Missions, Papago Reservation, Arizona. Indian Sentinel, Vol. 34, no. 5 (May), p. 66. Washington, D.C., Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions. [Black-and-white photo of a little Papago girl kneeling in prayer before an altar.]

    1954c           Segundo chosen to head Chicago center. The Amerindian, Vol. 2, no. 3 (January-February), p. 2. Chicago, American Indian Review. [Thomas A. Segundo, former Chairman of the Papago Tribal Council, has been appointed Executive Director for the Chicago Indian Community Center.]

    1954d           Your guide to the mission church and grounds. Globe, Arizona, [U.S.] Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Southwestern National Monuments. Plan, illus. 17 pp. [This is a booklet to go with s self-guided tour of the grounds of Tumacacori National Monument in southern Arizona, the site of an 18^th and 19^th-century Spanish mission founded for benefit of the Northern O=odham. There is some history here of the Pima Indians of Tumacacori.]

    1955a           Here and there on the desert ... Horses face state ban. Desert Magazine, Vol. 18, no. 8 (August), p. 31. Palm Desert, California, Desert Press, Inc. [A report taken from the Phoenix Gazette newspaper indicates that the State Livestock Sanitary Board has quarantined movement of horses from the Papago Indian Reservation because four cases of glanders had been found among reservation horses.]

     1955b          Papago Tribe fights for mineral rights. The Amerindian, Vol. 3, no. 4 (March-April), p. 3. Chicago, American Indian Review. [An article discussing the Papagos' fight to obtain the mineral rights to their reservation.]

     1955c          The saguaro cactus. Arizona's state flower. Saguaroland Bulletin, Vol. 9, no. 5 (May), pp. 52-59. Tempe, Arizona, Desert Botanical Garden of Arizona. [Includes mention that the saguaro harvest marks the Pima and Papago new year and that the fruit has been an important item of food.]

    1955d           Tucson helps its Papago neighbors. The Christian Century, Vol. 72, no. 50 (December), p. 1472. Chicago, Christian Century Foundation. [A one-paragraph account of the work of the Association for Papago Affairs in such areas as Papago mineral rights, medical and dental clinics, and scholarships for Papago youths.]

    1955e           [Untitled.] The Calumet, Vol. 42, no. 2 (May), inside back cover. New York, Marquette League. [A black-and-white photo of Father Regis Rohder, O.F.M., instructing Papago children in making the sign of the cross as they kneel by the cruz mayor opposite Our Lady of Lourdes church in Little Tucson on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1956a           Rev. Celestine Chinn, O.F.M. Provincial Annals, Vol. 1, no. 1 (July), pp. 25-26. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [About the celebration of Father Celestine's 25 years as a Franciscan notes his career at Mission San Xavier del Bac which began in 1949 and which was marked by his efforts to restore the church.]

    1956b           Rev. Nicholas Perschl, O.F.M. Provincial Annals, Vol. 19, no. 1 (July), pp. 18-20. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [A black-and-white photo of Fr. Nicholas accompanies this article about the celebration at Komatke on the Gila River Indian Reservation of his 50th year as a Franciscan. Father Nicholas began his missionary career among the Papago Indians in 1914 and served among them for most of the time between then and the time of his golden jubilee in 1956. Included here is the text of comments made on the occasion by Father Nicholas's fellow missionary among the Papagos, Father Bonaventure Oblasser, O.F.M. Oblasser mentions a "plague" at San Xavier in 1866-69 that was said to have killed a lot of Papagos, people who were replaced at San Xavier by "pagan Papagos from Santa Rosa."]

    1956c           San Xavier del Bac, "White Dove of the Desert." Provincial Annals, Vol. 18, no. 4 (April), pp. 41-42. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [The April 5, 1956 San Xavier Fiesta sponsored by the Tucson Festival Society is described in great detail in an article reproduced in its entirety from the April 6, 1956 issue of the Arizona Daily Star newspaper of Tucson. A black-and-white photo of the south elevation of the church is included.]

    1957             Twenty-five years of holy priesthood ... . Provincial Annals, Vol. 20, no. 1 (July), pp. 8-11. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [Among the priests whose 25-year careers are mentioned here is that of Father Julian Giradot, O.F.M., who was stationed at Mission San Xavier del Bac and at Topawa at various times. It was he who oversaw restoration of the lantern on the west bell tower of the San Xavier church after it was struck by lightning in 1939.]

    1958a           Golden jubilee celebration, San Solano Mission, Topawa, Arizona. Provincial Annals, Vol. 21, no. 1 (July), pp. 28-29. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [An account of the Solemn Pontifical Mass and celebration held at Mission San Solano in Topawa on the Papago Indian Reservation on the occasion of the 50th year since the founding of the San Solano Missions among the Papagos. Present were "pioneer" missionaries Bonaventure Oblasser, Nicholas Perschl, Tiburtius Wand, and Gerard Brenneke.]

    1958b           Mission church and grounds. Tumacacori National Monument, Arizona. 4^th edition, revised. Globe, Arizona, Southwestern Monuments Association. Illus. 16 pp. [This guide to the structures and grounds of mission Tumacácori in southern Arizona includes information on its history beginning with its founding in 1691 by Father Eusebio Francisco Kino as a mission among the Northern Piman Indians.]

    1958c           Padre of Papagos. Father Lambert happy serving desert mission. Provincial Annals, Vol. 21, no. 1 (July), pp. 36-37. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [This is a reprint of an article that appeared in the Tucson Daily Citizen of unspecified date. It provides a brief biographical sketch of a Franciscan missionary, Lambert Fremdling, who since 1941 had been serving among Papagos on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1958d           Papagos choose business head. The Amerindian, Vol. 6, no. 4 (March-April), p. 3. Chicago, American Indian Review. [A notice that Chester J. Higman has been appointed full time business manager for the Papago Indian Tribe.]

    1958e           Papagos permit use of sacred site. The Amerindian, Vol. 6, no. 5 (May-June), p. 3. Chicago, American Indian Review. [A note to the effect that the Papagos have permitted construction of a new National Astronomical Observatory on Kitt Peak in the Quinlan Mountains 40 miles southwest of Tucson on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1958f            50 years among the Papagos. Provincial Annals, Vol. 21, no. 1 (July), pp. 30-35. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [This is an outline of the early history of the Franciscans' missionary efforts among Papagos beginning in 1908. It includes excerpts from early publications and from the diary of Father Tiburtius Wand as well as quotations from Bonaventure Oblasser. As of the date of its publication, this was the best published summary of Franciscan missionary endeavors among Papagos in the 20th century.]

    1959a           Bernard L. Fontana lectures on the Papagos. Atlatl, February, p. 5. Tucson, Anthropology Club, Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona. [This is a brief account of a color-slide illustrated talk given by Fontana to Anthropology Club members at the home of Dr. Edward H. Spicer. He gave those present Asamples of the precious red (saguaro) syrup used by the Papagos for sweetening.@]

    1959b           Papago health project granted one year extension. Atlatl, February, p. 3. Tucson, Anthropology Club, Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona. [ARobert A. Hackenberg, Director of the Papago Health Project for National Cancer Institute Research, recently received notice that an additional sum of $30,000 has been granted for the purpose of continued study of the Papagos. This project is a pilot study designed to develop demographic methods and procedures for handling population data.@]

    1959c           Papago Indian Reservation irrigated by Wisconsin engines. Enginews, January, p. [2]. Milwaukee, Wisconsin Motor Corporation. [Two black-and-white photos and a brief article about a visit to the Papago Indian Reservation to see Wisconsin Engines pumping water at Sells and Totaa Settlement. Papago Indian Juan Mattias is mentioned as a Awell man.@]

    1959d           Papago nurse gets USPHS award. The Amerindian, Vol. 7, no. 4 (March-April), p. 2. Chicago, American Indian Review. [Mrs. Josephine Throssel Martinez, a Papago, received an award from the U.S. Public Health Service in recognition of her superior performance as a staff nurse at the Indian Health Center on the Papago Reservation.]

    1959e           Papagos give aid to army program. The Amerindian, Vol. 7, no. 5 (May-June), p. 2. Chicago, American Indian Review. [The Papago Tribal Council has given the U.S. Army Electronic Proving Group at Fort Huachuca permission to make two surveys, one to select sites for army observations of drone planes and the other to select sites for the testing of electronic equipment on an imaginary battlefield on the Papago Reservation.]

    1959f            Papagos promote basketry sales. The Amerindian, Vol. 8, no. 2 (November-December), p. 2. Chicago, American Indian Review. [A brief discussion of basketry sales by the Papago Tribe on the Sells Reservation. Illustrated.]

    1960a           Arizona copper silicates respond to segregation. Engineering and Mining Journal, Vol. 161, no. 11, pp. 86-87. New York, McGraw Hill Publ. Co. [Concerns the Lakeshore Mine in the Sif Oidak District of the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1960b           Fr. Burkard Kuksht. Provincial Annals, Vol. 22, no. 3 (January), pp. 189-190. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [An obituary of Franciscan missionary Burkard Kuksht, a man who learned the Papago language and who served most of his priestly life at Topawa and Covered Wells as well as among Pimas at St. John's Indian School on the Gila River Indian Reservation. Also see Temple (1960).]

    1960c           Kitt Peak National Observatory. Tucson, Arizona, Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. Maps, illus. [A section of this booklet is titled "The Papago Indians," and it deals with the relationship between Kitt Peak National Observatory and the Papago Indians on whose reservation the observatory is located.]

    1960d           Komatke. Provincial Annals, Vol. 23, no. 2 (October), p. 122. [Santa Barbara, California] [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [Father Bonaventure Oblasser, O.F.M., was stationed at this time at Komatke on the Gila River Indian Reservation where he was in charge of a library of Piman research he had built up. The notice says he recently acquired steel bookcases and steel cabinets for his library, having "earned this equipment from his long and difficult work on the Papago land problem for the government."]

    1960e           Mobile chapel marks six years of service to Catholic Indians. Provincial Annals, Vol. 25, no. 2 (October), p. 74. [Santa Barbara, California] [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [Reprinted from the Arizona Register newspaper of June 10, 1960, this article tells about the missionary work among Papago and other Indians carried out by Father Theodore Williges, O.F.M., in his mobile trailer chapel.]

    1960f            Papago designs to appear in textiles. The Amerindian, Vol. 8, no. 3 (January-February), p. 4. Chicago, American Indian Review. [A brief article to the effect that Papago basketry designs are expected to appear on Supima cotton fabrics in 1960. More than 1,000 photographs, both color and black-and-white, were taken of Pima and Papago designs for use in this project.]

    1960g           Preserve three old missions is appeal to all in diocese. Provincial Annals, Vol. 23, no. 1 (July), pp. 46-47. [Santa Barbara, California] [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [Reprinted from the Arizona Register newspaper of April 1, 1960, this article tells about the efforts of secular priest Norman Whalen to bring about preservation of the ruins of missions Guevavi and Calabazas on the Santa Cruz River and the presumed site of Santa Cruz de Quiburi on the San Pedro River -- all in southern Arizona and all of which were heavily involved with Piman Indians in the 18th century.]

    1960h           15,000 Papagos served by Solano missioners. Provincial Annals, Vol. 23, no. 1 (July), p. 14. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [This is a reprint of an article first published in the Arizona Register newspaper of February 6, 1960. It summarizes work being done by Franciscan missionaries on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1961a           Back road cruises through the Papago country. Sunset Magazine, Vol. 127, no. 4 (October), pp. 24, 26, 28, 30, 33. Menlo Park, California, Lane Magazine Company. [A map and photographs take visitors on a tour of the main Papago Reservation, with notes on trading posts, Sells, Wall's Well, fiestas, and more.]

    1961b           4 pioneer clergymen in diocese honored by University of Arizona. Provincial Annals, Vol. 23, no. 4 (April), pp. 202-03. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [This reprint of an article that appeared in the Arizona Register newspaper of January 6, 1961, mentions that among four clergymen who received the Medallion of Merit on the occasion of the University's 75th anniversary was Father Bonaventure Oblasser, O.F.M., a longtime missionary among the Papago Indians.]

    1961c           Father Gerard still rides the Indian trail. Provincial Annals, Vol. 23, no. 4 (July), pp. 309-10. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [Reprinted from The Tidings, Los Angeles, California, of July 21, 1961, this is a brief biographical account of Franciscan missionary Gerard Brenneke, some of whose time was spent working among Papago Indians.]

    1961d           New discoveries at San Xavier. Sunset Magazine, Vol. 127, no. 5, p. 62. Menlo Park, California, Lane Magazine Company. [With an aerial view of Mission San Xavier del Bac that includes the archaeological site paralleling the church which later proved to be the site of Father Alonso Espinosa=s first church for San Xavier, this is principally about the results of archaeology carried out at the site. AThe recent work at San Xavier uncovered a grouping of old foundations immediately west of the church and orth of the mortuary chapel. Careful examination of these old foundations disclosed a blacksmith shop, an atrium wall (sic), three additional rooms, a brick patio (sic), and a brick drain.@ While published anonymously, the article was written by Mary Ann Reese.]

    1961d           San Solano Missions, Topawa, Arizona. Provincial Annals, Vol. 23, no. 3 (January), p. 177. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [This report of Franciscan missionary activities on the Papago Indian Reservation includes mention of the recent consolidation of the San Miguel and Topawa schools; the October 4 celebration honoring San Francisco Xavier (not Assisi); and visitors to the San Solano headquarters in Topawa.]

    1961e           San Solano Missions, Topawa, Arizona. Provincial Annals, Vol. 23, no. 4 (April), p. 234. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [Included in this account of recent Franciscan missionary activities on the Papago Indian Reservation are mentions of Papago Indian seminarian Joseph Enos; a Papago Girl Scout troop and Boy Scout troop; a Thanksgiving dinner at Ajo; visitors to San Solano in Topawa; etc. etc.]

    1961f            Shopping with Papagos. Sunset Magazine, Vol. 127, no. 4 (October), p. 36. Menlo Park, California, Lane Magazine Company. [Two photographs and two paragraphs tell about possibilities of buying new Papago baskets.]

    1961g           St. John Indian dancers to perform at festival in Italy. Provincial Annals, Vol. 23, no. 4 (April), p. 263. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [An article reprinted from the Phoenix Gazette newspaper notes that some of the six boys going to Italy to take part in the Sassari "Maggio" Festival on the Isle of Sardinia are Papagos.]

    1961h           Surprise dinner party honors "Father Nick." Provincial Annals, Vol. 23, no. 4 (April), p. 196. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [A reprint of an article from Tucson's Arizona Daily Star newspaper of February 2, 1961, telling about a surprise party held in his honor by friends of Father Nicholas Perschl, longtime missionary among the Papago Indians.]

    1961i            Under the window at Window Rock. Arizona Alumnus, Vol. 39, no. 1, pp.14-18. Tucson, University of Arizona Alumni Association, Inc. [This article about Navajo Indian graduates of the University of Arizona includes considerable mention of Paul McCabe, Awho married a pretty Papago girl (Agnes Rios)@ in 1948 when he still had two years to go to graduation. AThe McCabes have three children, two girls and a boy whose ages their school teacher father cannot remember but whose grades are 8^th, 4^th and 2^nd.@ A photo shows McCabe with his wife, Agnes, and one of their daughters.]

    1962a           Asarco's Mission. Engineering and Mining Journal, Vol. 163, no. 1 (January), front cover, pp. 4, 70-79. New York, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., Inc. [A feature article about the opening in mid-November, 1961, of the Mission Unit of American Smelting & Refining Company's (ASARCO) open pit copper mine and concentrator immediately adjacent to the San Xavier Reservation on its south. Part of the leased property is on the reservation. The first ores were shipped in August, 1961.]

    1962b           Feed my lambs. St, Catherine's Mission, Papago Reservation, Arizona. Indian Sentinel, Vol. 40, no. 4 (Winter), p. 50. Washington, D.C., The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions. [This is a photograph of Fr. Maurus Kelly, O.F.M., serving communion to two Papago girls at St. Catherine's Mission at Topawa on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1962c           Mission San Xavier del Bac, Tucson, Arizona. Provincial Annals, Vol. 24, no. 4 (October), pp. 206-07. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [This notice of activities of Franciscan missionaries at Mission San Xavier del Bac includes mention that Brother Bonaventure Nite had recently gotten his B.A. degree in English from the University of Arizona; that archaeological work in front of (south of) the mission had been suspended; and of Father Nicholas Perschl.]

    1962d           Papago Candy Stripers valued hospital aids. The Amerindian, Vol. 10, no. 6 (July-August), p. 6. Chicago, American Indian Review. [This article about Papago Candy Stripers, volunteer hospital aids, says they are the first such group of Indian girls to be found in any Indian hospital. Illustrated.]

    1962e           Papagos at work on a new mission chapel. They have helped build forty chapels and five mission schools on the reservation. Indian Sentinel, Vol. 40, no. 4 (Winter), front cover, p. 49. Washington, D.C., The Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions. [The title here is the caption of a photograph on the front cover, a picture printed in miniature on page 49 with the caption. It shows two Papago men working at what appears to be the laying of stone foundations.]

    1962f            San Xavier del Bac ... the other side. Sunset, Vol. 129, no.5 (November), p. 80. Menlo Park, California, Lane Magazine Company. [There are two photos here of Mission San Xavier del Bac and one of the shrine of Our Lady of Lourdes on nearby Grotto Hill. The church photos show its southwest and northeast elevations. The article encourages visitors to look at the mission from different angles.]

    1962g           [Untitled]. Palo Verde, September, front cover, p. 8. Tucson, Papago Publishing. [A sepia tone photo of the southwest elevation of Mission San Xavier del Bac is on the cover, one that includes Papago Indians in a wagon being pulled by mules and a Franciscan friar petting one of the animals. With information supplied by Father Theodore Williges and Bernard Fontana, the anonymous author writes about the October 3-4 feast day celebration of St. Francis of Assisi in the village of Bac and about the history of the mission. Palo Verde is published for the @Tucson Mobile Home Owners, Parks, Dealers and Service dealers.@]

    1962-1963   Mission San Xavier, Tucson. Franciscan News Note, Winter, p. 3. Oakland, California, Franciscan Missionary Union. [A black-and-white photograph of Father Theodore Williges, O.F.M. celebrating Mass in the desert with kneeling Papago celebrants accompanies information received by Father Theodore, Awho takes care of this famous mission,@ that archaeologists Dr. Bernard Fontana and Cameron Greenleaf are involved Aon a search on now in front of Mission San Xavier for a missing city@ (actually, footings of buildings that extended into the plaza at least by 1849).]

    1963a           If you drive Tucson to Ajo, side trip to the Topawa Mission. Sunset, Vol. 130, no. 1 (January), p. 23. Menlo Park, California, Lane Magazine Company. [A map accompanies a three-paragraph account of the Franciscan mission at Topawa, eight miles south of Sells on the Papago Indian Reservation. One black-and-white photo shows nuns emerging from the church and a small airplane parked in the plaza, and another shows Papago Indian Laura Kermen (who is not named) in a classroom with Papago Indian children.]

    1963b           Papago tribal judge from the United States travels to study Interamerican Indianist activities. Anuario Indigenista, Vol. 23, pp. 94-95. México, D.F., Instituto Indigenista Interamericano. [About a visit paid by Cipriano J. Manuel, a Papago tribal judge from Sells, Arizona, to Mexico where he studied the activities of the Inter-American Indian Institute, the National Indian Institute, and the Summer Institute of Linguistics.]

    1963c           Stereopticon. Arizona Alumnus, Spring, inside front cover, p. 44. Tucson, University of Arizona Alumni Association. [An aerial photograph of Kitt Peak National Observatory which, as the caption indicates, is "on the Papago Indian Reservation."]

    1963d           The University of Arizona Sixty-eighth Annual Commencement Exercises, Wednesday evening, May twenty-ninth, nineteen hundred and sixty-three. For the degree of Doctor of Laws: Bonaventure Oblasser. Provincial Annals, Vol. 25, no. 3 (July), pp. 137-38. [Santa Barbara, California], [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [Printed here is the text of the presentation of the honorary degree of Doctor of Laws to Bonaventure Oblasser, a Franciscan missionary among the Papago and Pima Indians. The highlights of his missionary and scholarly career are outlined here, and there is a photograph showing him with Dr. Emil Haury of the Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona President Richard Harvill, and fellow Franciscan missionaries fathers Gervais (Edward) Schulz and Walter Holly.]

    1964             University of Arizona completes registration of Papago tribal members. The Amerindian, Vol. 12, no. 3 (January-February), p. 3. Chicago, Arizona Indian Review. [This is a discussion of completion of the Papago population register which has established individual files on approximately 12,000 Papagos living both on and off the reservation near Sells.]

    1965a           Eusebio Francisco Kino, S.J. In Acceptance of the statue of Eusebio Francisco Kino presented by the State of Arizona [House Document, no. 158, 89^th Congress, 1^st session], pp. 14-15. Washington, United States Government Printing Office. [Included here is a summary of Father Kino=s late seventeenth and early eighteenth-century activities in th Pimería Ata among the Northern Piman Indians.]

    1965b           Eusebio Francisco Kino, S.J. In Unveiling and presentation of the statue of Eusebio Francisco Kino, S.J., p. [1]. Washington, D.C., s.n. [This is identical to Anonymous (1965a), printed here in the official program of the statue unveiling ceremony held in Washington, D.C., February 14, 1965.]

    1965c           Mission San Xavier del Bac. T.I.M.E. Land U.S.A., January-February, front cover. Lubbock, Texas, T.I.M.E. Freight, Inc. [This cover features a photograph of the south-southwest elevation of the church of Mission San Xavier del Bac, one printed in shades of red and orange.]

    1965d           Near Tucson ... world's largest solar telescope. Sunset, Vol. 135, no. 2 (August), pp. 4, 6. Menlo Park, California, Lane Magazine & Book Company. [This is a travel note concerning the Kitt Peak National Observatory located on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1965e           These basket gifts are Papago. Sunset, Vol. 135, no. 6 (December), pp. 64-65. Menlo Park, California, Lane Magazine & Book Company. [This article about where one can purchase Papago baskets describes how they are made. Nine black-and-white photos of Papago baskets included.]

    1966a           Heritage of Tucson unfolds in colorful pageantry. Tucson Progress, Vol. 4, o. 4 (April), p. 1. Tucson, Tucson Chamber of Commerce. [Illustrated with a black-and-white photo of the church of Mission San Xavier del Bac illuminated at night and showing crowds of people gathered around the plaza in front, this article about various Tucson public events has a notice saying, ASan Xavier Fiesta will begin at the beautiful old >White Dove of the Desert= mission at 8:00 p.m., Friday, April 15^th. Amid the fanfare of trumpets, tolling of bells, mesquite bonfires, skyrockets, a thrilling and unforgettable spectacle will unfold as Yaqui and Papago Indians perform their ancient dances. The commemoration of the founding of San Xavier Mission by Father Kino is indeed one of the highlights of the Festival.@]

    1966b           Holiday spotlights Boys Chorus. Tucson Visitor, Vol. 21, no. 11 (December 16-13), front cover, p. 25. Tucson, Kisro Publications. [A photo on the front cover is of the Tucson Boys Chorus in the choir loft of Mission San Xavier del Bac. The accompany article notes that, AOn Christmas Eve, the Boys will be seen in a Columbia Broadcasting System color television special, >Let the Desert be Joyful,= Christmas music of the old Spanish Missions. ... The show was taped in and around San Xavier Mission in October.@]

    1966c           Land is held key to meeting future Indian needs for growth, economic development. Indian Record, December, pp. 6-7. Washington, D.C., Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs. [There is reference made here to the 8,000-acre cotton and ranching corporation set up by Papagos living on the Maricopa, Ak-Chin Reservation.]

    1966d           San Xavier Mission. Tucson Visitor, Vol. 17, no. 25 (March 22-29), p. 29. Tucson, Kisro Publications. [A small black-and-white photo of the south-southwest elevation of the church of Mission San Xavier del Bac is accompanied by a one-paragraph account of the mission, A... still in daily use as a Church, being used by Pima and Papago Indians.@]

    1966e           Sunday morning -- Sacred Heart Church, Papago Reservation, Arizona. Our Negro and Indian Missions, January, p. 26. Washington, D.C., The Commission for Catholic Missions among the Colored People and the Indians. [This is a black-and-white photo of Papagos and others coming out of the Sacred Heart Church at Little Tucson on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1966f            Tops at Papago range school. Progressive Agriculture in Arizona, Vol. 18, no. 6 (November-December), p. 32. Tucson, University of Arizona, College of Agriculture. [About three Papago youths B Nicholas and Herman Ramon and Edward Pablo B who won top awards at the annual All-Reservation Cattle and Range Management School. There is a black-and-white photo of the three winners.]

    1966g           [Untitled.] Our Negro and Indian Missions, January, front cover. Washington, D.C., The Commission for Catholic Missions among the Colored People and the Indians. [Black-and-white photograph shows Father Maurus Kelly, O.F.M., who was stationed at Pisinemo on the Papago Reservation, in the act of baptizing a Papago Indian infant.]

    1967a           Father Andrew Bucher, O.F.M. (1886-1967). Provincial Annals, Vol. 29, no. 3 (Autumn), p. 54. San Francisco, Franciscan Fathers of California, Inc. [This is a biographical sketch and chronological list of assignments of a Franciscan missionary priests who served at San Xavier del Bac in 1930-33. There is a black-and-white photo of him in the photo supplement in this issue.]

    1967b           Oblasser books to historians. Provincial Annals, Vol. 29, no. 1 (January), p. 28. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Saint Barbara. [Reprint of an article from Phoenix's Arizona Republic newspaper of November 20, 1966, which asserts, erroneously, as it turned out, that Father Bonaventure Oblasser's entire library of Piman research had been turned over to the Arizona Historical Society in Tucson.]

    1967c           One mile north of Gila Bend. PHS World, Vol. 2, no. 1 (January), front cover, pp. 16-19. Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service. [Accompanied by eight black-and-white photographs, this is about the successful relocation of Daik Village (a.k.a. Sil Murk), a Papago settlement on the Gila Bend Reservation that was going to be inundated by waters of the Painted Rocks Reservoir.]

    1967d           Opportunities in American Indian history study. Los Angeles, UCLA Indian History Study. 42 pp. [This booklet deals with oral history projects taking place at seven universities, the University of Arizona among them. There are a brief account of materials being collected concerning the Papagos' battle with Mexicans at El Plomo, Sonora, in 1898 (p. 35); mention of the fact that Papago Indian Molly Manuel is gathering testimony on the Papago Reservation (p. 39); and an excerpt from a tape-recorded interview with an elderly Papago man.]

    1967e           Tucson sun country. Sunset, Vol. 138, no. 1 (January), front cover, pp. 46-57. Menlo Park, California, Lane Magazine & Book Company. [This illustrated article about Tucson features a color photo of Mission San Xavier del Bac on the cover as well as a black-and-white photo of the church and three Papago children on page 48. Page 48 features a description of the mission. Also featured in the article is Kitt Peak National Observatory on Kitt Peak on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1968a           An analysis of the clinic bus system of the Sells Service Unit. Tucson, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Health Program Systems Center. 7 pp. [This study refutes allegations of the high cost of the Sells Clinic bus system that serves Papagos on the reservation.]

    1968b           Papago leader looks to the future of the tribe. Indian Record, May, p. 8. Washington, D.C., Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs. [Presented here is Thomas Segundo's February 17, 1968 inauguration speech as Chairman of the Papago Tribal Council. He gave the speech in Sells, Arizona.]

    1968c           The white dove of the desert. Tucson Visitor, July, front cover, p. 21. Tucson, Kisro Publications. [A black-and-white photo of the south-southwest elevation of the church of Mission San Xavier del Bac is on the cover, while a three-paragraph description of the church on page 21 briefly recounts its history.]

    1968d           Window on the west: Christmas at San Xavier. Sunset, Vol. 141, no. 6 (December), p. 216. Menlo Park, California, Lane Magazine & Book Company. [A black-and-white photo of the southeast elevation of the church of Mission San Xavier del Bac accompanies this notice about AChristmas Eve,@ when, AIndians and non-Indians will fill San Xavier to watch the Nativity procession, hear the Papago choir, and participate in the midnight Mass.@]

    1969a           Annual report. Tucson, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Health Program Systems Center. 13 pp. [This annual report of the Health Program Systems Center located on the San Xavier Reservation for July 1968 through July, 1969 deals extensively with Papago health care, presenting detailed facts and figures.]

    1969b           Cooperative Extension serves Indian people. Indian Programs, Vol. 1, no. 1 (Spring), pp. 1-4. Tucson, The University of Arizona. Included here is a list of agricultural extension agents employed to work at Sells on the Papago Indian Reservation (p. 2).]

    1969c           Copper lodes discovered on Papago Reservation. Journal of American Indian Education, Vol. 8, no. 3 (May), p. 33. Tempe, Bureau of Educational Research, Arizona State University. [Discovery of what are asserted to be more than three billion dollars' worth of raw copper thirty miles south of Casa Grande on the Papago Indian Reservation is noted.]

    1969d           The national monument at Tumacacori. Sunset, Vol. 143, no. 6 (December), pp. 3-4. Menlo Park, California, Lane Magazine & Book Co. [Illustrated with a black-and-white photo of the interior of the church, this article is about the ruins of Mission Tumacacori administered as a national monument by the National Park Service. It is noted Father Eusebio Kino founded the first mission among Piman Indians in 1691, and that the mission moved to its present site after the Pima Revolt of 1751.]

    1969e           Papago Tribe cited. The Amerindian, Vol. 17, no. 3 (January-February), p. 7. Chicago, American Indian Review. [A note to the effect that the Papago Tribe has been cited for "outstanding achievement in community development" by the Community Development Foundation.]

    1969f            Papagos get 3.7 million for copper mine lease. Indian Record, November, p. 7. Washington, D.C., Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs. [The Papago Tribe has received $3.7 million dollars from Hecla Mining Company and El Paso Natural Gas Company to develop a $100 million dollar copper mine 30 miles south of Casa Grande on the Papago Reservation.]

    197-?            Papago puzzles: educational fun for the young & young-at-heart. Tucson, Booksmith. Illus. 48 pp. [Chiefly illustrations.]

    1970a           At the Indian fair ... Navajos, Apaches, Hopis, Papagos. Sunset, Vol. 144, no. 3 (March), pp. 74-79. Menlo Park, California, Lane Magazine & Book Company. [Numerous color and black-and-white photos accompany this article about the Indian Fair held at the Heard Museum in Phoenix, Arizona. It is noted that Papago basketmakers will be demonstrating their crafts there.]

    1970b           The big house in the desert. Sunset, Vol. 144, no. 4 (April), pp. 3-4. Menlo Park, California, Lane Magazine & Book Company. [An illustrated article about Casa Grande Ruins National Monument in southern Arizona makes the assertion that the Hohokam were ancestors of the Pima and Papago Indians.]

    1970c           From Apache to Papago, Zuni to Cochiti, Hopi and Navajo, a new guide to the Indian country. Sunset, Vol. 144, no. 4 (April), pp. 112-13. Menlo Park, California, Lane Magazine & Book Company. [This article promotes a book, Southwest Indian Country, by the editors of Sunset Books and Magazine. Papagos are included. Also included is a photo of some Papago baskets (p. 113).]

    1970d           Papago Indian sand painting displayed at Desert Museum. Bulletin, no. 11 (August), p. 3. Tucson, Arizona -Sonora Desert Museum. [A black-and-white photo accompanies this notice about a Papago sand painting created on the grounds of the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum by Papago medicine man Frank Lopez at the behest of ethnologist Bernard Fontana.]

    1971a           Deaths of three leaders loss to Indian world. Indian Record, June/July, p. 10. Washington, D.C., Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs. [There is a short obituary here of Papago Tribal Chairman Tom Segundo who was killed in a plane crash on May 6, 1971.]

    1971b           Discover Tucson, Arizona ... it=s the best of two worlds. Sunset, Vol. 146, no. 1 (January), p. 35. Menlo Park, California, Lane Magazine & Book Co. [An advertisement by the Tucson Sunshine Climate Club includes a color photo by Ray Manley identical to that in Manley (1965a) with the tourists cropped from the picture. It shows Father Theodore Williges and a half dozen Papago children in front of the church of Mission San Xavier del Bac.]

    1971c           A holiday loop through Sonora. Sunset, Vol. 147, no. 6 (December), pp. 3-4. Menlo Park, California, Lane Magazine & Book Co. [The tour recommended here is one that takes the visitor from Tucson to Mission San Xavier del Bac and to Caborca B both missions founded for the Northern Pimans in the late 17^th century. A map of the route and a photo of Mission Caborca accompany the article.]

    1971d           North of Nogales ... Tumacacori. Sunset, Vol. 146, no. 4 (April), p. 33. Menlo Park, California, Lane Magazine & Book Co. [Two photos taken at Tumacacori National Monument in southern Arizona accompany a three-paragraph note which observes, AA century and a half ago the mission served the Pima Indians of this region.@]

    1971e           The Tucson festival: salute to a city=s heritage. Sunset, Vol. 146, no. 4 (April), p. 3. Menlo Park, California, Lane Magazine & Book Co. [Three black-and-white photographs of the events accompany a five-paragraph notice concerning the upcoming April 16 fiesta at San Xavier when, AIn the dramatic light of blazing torches and bonfires, Papago Indians and their friends will celebrate ... the founding of Tucson=s venerable Mission San Xavier del Bac.@]

    1972a           A few of the many self-help projects undertaken by Indian communities. American Indian Field Program Bulletin, Vol. 9, no. 1 (Summer), p. 2. Albuquerque, American Indian Program, Save the Children Foundation, Community Development Foundation. [Two black-and-white photos accompany a text which reads, AOn the Papago Indian Reservation, the people continue to wage their war against the devastation caused by the droughts of the past few years. At Cababi Village men of the community repair a well pump motor. The new motor was purchased with funds made possible by SCF/CDF. Community funds were also given the people to restore this well B a seemingly impossible task, but with determination and hard work, it will be done.@]

    1972b           Shopping for Papago baskets in southern Arizona. Sunset, Vol. 149, no. 2 (August), p. 6. Menlo Park, California, Lane Magazine & Book Company. [One black-and-white photo accompanies this article about Papago baskets and the Papago Arts and Crafts Center in Sells, Arizona.]

    1972c           Southwest Indian art in 1972. Sunset, Vol. 148, no. 4 (April), pp. 86-95. Menlo Park, California, Lane Magazine & Books Company. [It is noted that Papago baskets range in price from $10 to $100 (p. 90), and there is mention of the Papago tribal store in Sells (p. 94). A color photo shows a Papago storage basket, a green yucca basket and plaque, and a waste basket (p. 87).]

    [1972d]        Tumacácori patio garden guide / guía para el jardín del patio. Globe, Arizona, Southwest Parks and Monuments Association. Illus. 23 pp. [This listing, in English and in Spanish translation, of plants grown on the grounds of Mission Tumacácori in southern Arizona makes occasional reference to uses made of some of these plants by Indians, in this case the Northern O=odham in whose community the mission was founded. It is noted, for example, that AAlmost every part of the (saguaro) is useful to the Pima and Papago Indians.@]

    1972e           Up there where you can=t see it. Museum of Northern Arizona show offers a closer look at the top of San Xavier. Arizona, May 21, pp. 1, 58-63. Phoenix, The Arizona Republic. [A color photo of Mission San Xavier del Bac on page 1 shows the mission illuminated at night B in reverse image! The article features reproductions of ten more photos, all but one in black-and-white, by Arizona State Museum photographer Helga Teiwes, here misspelled ATiewes.@ These closeup photos of some of the church=s interior art high above floor level are some that were on display in the Museum of Northern Arizona in Flagstaff beginning May 21, 1972.]

    1973a           Asarco's new leaching plant at Mission now in operation. Pay Dirt, no. 405 (March 26), pp. 1, 3. Bisbee, Arizona Small Mine Operators' Association. [This is a brief article, including an aerial photograph, on the opening of the new $13 million San Xavier vat leaching plant of the American Smelting & Refining Company at the company's Mission Unit just south of the San Xavier Reservation.]

    1973b           New tribal medal. The Amerindian, Vol. 21, no. 4 (March-April), p. 4. Chicago, Marion E. Gridley. [About the silver medal and booklet relating to the "Sovereign Nation of Papago" produced by the Indian Tribal Series in Phoenix, Arizona. One side of the medal is illustrated.]

    1973c           Papago Tribe dedicates new "idea greenhouse." The Amerindian, Vol. 21, no. 4 (March-April), p. 2. Chicago, Marion E. Gridley. [About a 32-foot long greenhouse constructed next to the high school on the Papago Reservation at Sells, Arizona, used to teach students about the raising and marketing of greenhouse crops.]

    1973(?)d      Sells, Arizona Indian community profile. Phoenix, Arizona Office of Planning and Development, Community Development Section. 2 pp. [A short resume concerning the Sells Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1973e           Truck service for 275 communities. Southern Pacific Bulletin, November-December, p. 10. San Francisco, Southern Pacific. [There is a photo of a Southern Pacific truck parked in front of Mission San Xavier del Bac, one with the caption, APacific Motor Trucking Co. Driver Pat Kane checks his delivery list near Arizona=s famous San Xavier Mission, southwest of Tucson B on the Papago Indian Reservation.@]

    [1974a]        ASARCO: the metal maker. New York, American Smelting and Refining Company. Illus. 48 pp. [ASARCO=s worldwide mining operations include their work on the San Xavier Reservation in the Mission and San Xavier copper mines. The leaching process in the Mission unit is briefly described, and on page 46 there is a color photo of San Xavier Papago Al Frank in a blue shirt and wearing a white hard hat, although he is not identified in a caption.]

     1974b          Exploring Padre Kino's missions of the Arizona-Sonora border. Sunset, Vol. 153, no. 4 (October), pp. 68-75. Menlo Park, California, Lane Publishing Company. [This is about an April, 1973 tour of ten missions founded by Jesuit missionary Eusebio Francisco Kino in Arizona and Sonora in the late 17th century, a tour led by Father Charles Polzer, S.J. Color photos include one in color of Mission San Xavier del Bac and another of Mission Tumacácori. There are black-and-white photos of missions Magdalena, Oquitoa, San Ignacio, Tubutama, Pitiquito, and Caborca as well as of the ruins of Cocóspera. Map.]

    1974c           Los indios papagos se quejan de despojos. Acción Indigenista, núm. 253 (Julio). México, Boletín del Instituto Nacional Indigenista. [This brief article describes Sonoran Papago land and water disputes.]

    1974d           Mountain shrine. Outdoor Arizona, Vol. 46, no. 9 (September), p. 9. Phoenix, Arizona, Phoenix Publishing, Inc. [A photo accompanies this one-paragraph article about the replica of the shrine of Our Lady of Lourdes on Grotto Hill on the San Xavier Indian Reservation.]

    1974e           Papagos vote support of language program. Messenger, Vol. 1, no. 1 (October), pp. 1-3. Davis, California, D-Q University. [This is a notice that the Papago Tribal Council had voted to support D-Q University=s Native American Language Education Center=s language development program on the reservation. The linguist in charge of the program is Papago Indian Albert Alvarez, who is shown in a photo on page 2.]

    1974f            [Untitled] Adobe News, Vol. 1, no. 1 (November-December), p. 6. Los Lunas, New Mexico, Adobe News. [A black-and-white photograph of the balcony and part of the second tier of the façade of Mission San Xavier del Bac is included among pictures of other "adobe" structures in Arizona and New Mexico.]

    1975a           Arizona State Museum. In The Annual Report, March 1975, p. 26. Tucson, The University of Arizona Foundation. [AA $250 grant enabled the Arizona State museum to buy 15 Papago Indian baskets originally purchased at the Bitter Wells trading post between 1915 and 1920. In excellent condition and of exceptionally high quality, the baskets are an important addition to the museum=s collection.@]

    1975b           A basket of memories. ASDM Newsletter, no. 11 (Spring), p. 1. Tucson, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. [This brief article concerns a basket woven by Mrs. Miguel, a Papago Indian, that is housed in the Papago shaish-ki (brush house) exhibit at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum in Tucson. A black-and-white photo of the exhibit is included.]

    1975c           Council awards $158,000 for 19 projects. Humanities, October, pp. 1, 4. Phoenix, Arizona Council on the Humanities and Public Policy. [One of the projects receiving money from the Humanities Council was one on the Papago Reservation, Athe O=odham Mascama O . . . Workshops (translation: Papago Education is ...) providing the opportunity for Papagoes (sic) in all walks of life to consider the effectiveness of education in their lives, and to consider their educational goals for their children, as well as how to achieve them.@]

    1975d           Dandick=s travel tips. Nogales. Scottsdale, Arizona, The Dandick Company. Maps, illus. 29 pp. [This travel guide provides brief descriptions and histories, including their involvement with Northern Piman Indians, of southern Arizona=s Tubac and Tumacacori. Coverage in the guide is generally restricted to sites in Santa Cruz County.]

    1975e           Economic newsletter. Tucson's Business, Vol. 1, no. 7 (October), p. 24. Tucson, Tucson's Business. [Included here is a note to the effect that HECLA Mining Company and the El Paso Company have begun operations at their Lakeshore Mine near Casa Grande on the Papago Indian Reservation after six years of preparation. The mine now employs 1,400 people with an annual payroll of about $1.6 million. No mention is made of what percentage of the workers are Papagos.]

    1975f            Juanita Ahill inspects the saguaro fruit exhibit in the Sahuaro Ramada. ASDM Newsletter, no. 134 (Autumn), p. 2. Tucson, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. [This is the caption of a photograph of Papago Juanita Ahill, a photo drawing attention to a notice of the opening of a new saguaro exhibit on the grounds of Tucson=s Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. Ahill gathers saguaro fruit in the Avra Valley each year, and photos of her in action are featured in the exhibit where she=s standing in the picture.]

    1975g           Tucson, past and present. In Tucson bicentennial program, edited by Dick Frontain, pp. 5, 7-9, 16, 20, 25. Tucson, Salpointe Development Publications. [Included in this sketch of the history of Tucson are sections titled, AThe Mission Period, 1697-776" and AThe Presidio Period, 1776-1856.@ Both make frequent reference to Mission San Xavier del Bac and to the region=s Native Americans. Papagos are specifically mentioned a s having helped drive Apaches away from Tucson in 1842. There is a photo on page 15 of Papago women, two with ollas on their heads, drawing water from a well in the late 19^th century.]

    1975h           Tucson=s Indians. In Tucson bicentennial program, edited by Dick Frontain, p. 44. Tucson, Salpointe Development Publications. [Mentioned here is the St. Nicholas Papago Indian Center Ato help the Indians cope with the problems they face by living in an urban area.@ There are two black-and-white photos by Dick Frontain, one of APapago singer Juanita, aged 3, stands with her mother,@ and AThe Desert Dancers from Tucson perform traditional Papago dances.@]

    1976a           Here's Maw-Paw pottery. Desert Silhouette's Tucson Magazine, Vol. 2, no. 1 (January), p. 12. Tucson, N & W Publications. [This is an illustrated eight-paragraph report on Maw-Paw Pottery's leasing of a building in the San Xavier Industrial Park on the San Xavier Reservation. The firm manufactures hand-painted pottery, and it is asserted it will eventually employ two dozen people.]

    1976b           Paper bread, ash bread, fry bread. Sunset (Desert Edition), Vol. 157, no. 4 (October), pp. 70-71. Menlo Park, California, Lane Publishing Company. [Includes a photo and mention of Papago Indian popovers, the Papago version of fry bread.]

    1976c           San Xavier designated as musical landmark. Arizona Music News, Vol. 21, no. 1 (Fall), p. 10. Tucson, Arizona Music Educators Association. [The Music Educators National Conference Bicentennial Commission gave Mission San Xavier del Bac a plaque on May 13, 1976, which reads: "A Landmark for American Music San Xavier del Bac Mission First Mass Celebrated with Music in the Southwest 1798 Tucson." A black-and-white photo shows Father Kieran McCarty, O.F.M., receiving the plaque. Much of its information is erroneous.]

    1976d           Those Hohokam had it together. Desert Silhouettes, Vol. 2, no. 4 (April), p. 6. Tucson, N & W Publications. [A photo illustration accompanies this note dealing with the new Hohokam exhibit at the Arizona State Museum in Tucson. The assertion is made that the Papago and Pima are the probable descendants of the Hohokam.]

    1976e           Tumacácori patio garden guide / guía para el jardín del patio. Revised, with revisions by Margaret E. Moore and James T. Peters. Globe, Arizona, Southwest Parks and Monuments Association. Books consulted. 20 pp. [This is a slightly revised version of Anonymous (1972d).]

    1977a           The changing heart of downtown Tucson. Sunset (Desert Edition), Vol. 158, no. 1 (January), pp. 36-43. Menlo Park, California, Lane Publishing Company. [Included here is a photo of Mission San Xavier del Bac and of Papago "Desert Indian Dancer" in costume dancing at a fiesta at the mission.]

    1977b           Native American perspectives. Phoenix, Touring Exhibition Program, Arizona Commission on the Arts and Humanities. [This is the program for a touring exhibition of photographs taken by Native American photographers connected with Arizona tribes. Among them are photos by Papago photographers Linda Pancho, Pam Pancho, Richard Perry, and Joann Hughes.]

    1977c           O'odham Tash in Casa Grande. Sunset (Desert Edition), Vol. 158, no. 2 (February), p. 6. Menlo Park, California, Lane Publishing Company. [About the annual Casa Grande, Arizona, "Piman Day" fiesta. Papagos are mentioned.]

    1977d           Plant sciences. In The University of Arizona Foundation annual report, March 1977, pp. 42-43. Tucson, The University of Arizona Foundation. [AA joint project by the Department of Plant Sciences and the Department of Anthropology in the College of Liberal Arts received a $1,000 grant for research on Proboscidae parviflora, more commonly known as devil=s claw.@ An accompanying photo is captioned, AGraduate students Gordon L. Fritz of the Department of Anthropology and Gary Paul Nabhan of the Department of Plant Sciences display some devil=s claw domesticated by the Papago Indians. The black design element in the well-known Papago and Pima baskets is made from fiber stripped from the plant=s long, flexible claws.@]

    [1977e]        Tucson meet yourself. Tucson, Arizona, [Cultural Exchange Council]. 8 pp. [This pamphlet was issued to help raise funds for "Tucson, Meet Yourself," an annual local folk festival. Although not identified by name, Frances Manuel, a Papago woman, is shown in a photo as she makes Papago popovers (p. 8).]

    1977f            Up to Phoenix from remote Mexico, the work of Indian weavers, potters, carvers, violin makers, and briefly, the artists too. Sunset (Desert Edition), Vol. 158, no. 5 (May), pp. 68-69. Menlo Park, California, Lane Publishing Company. [This article about an exhibition of arts and crafts by northwestern Mexican Indians at the Heard Museum in Phoenix mentions that the languages of some of these Indians is related to Papago.]

    1977g           You can rent the Father Kino film. Sunset, Vol. 158, no. 1 (January), pp. 4, 6.. Menlo Park, California, Lane Publishing Company. [This is about a 16 mm. color film, Paths in the Wilderness, concerning the travels of Father Eusebio Kino in the Pimería Alta, including his founding of missions Tumacácori and San Xavier del Bac.]

    1978a           Discovering the Sonoran Desert heritage: there's help in Tucson. Sunset, Vol. 161, no. 3 (September), p. 5. Menlo Park, California, Lane Publishing Company. [This article about the Tucson Public Library's Sonoran Heritage Program includes photos showing Papago popovers and a group visiting Ventana Cave on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1978b           Indians on march toward self-rule. U.S. News & World Report, Vol. 84, no. 11 (March 27), pp. 72-74. Washington, D.C., U.S. News & World Report. [Papago Tribal Chairman Cecil Williams is quoted concerning his optimistic outlook with regard to the federal government's self-determination program. He is especially pleased with the STARPAHC medical and health care delivery program developed through NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration). Included is a color photo of Papago children at play somewhere on the main reservation.]

    1978c           Making baskets the Papago way. Sunset (Desert Edition), Vol. 160, no. 4 (April), p. 4. Menlo Park, California, Lane Publishing Company. [About a course given by a Papago Indian basket maker at Tumacacori National Monument in southern Arizona.]

    1978d           March 18 and 19 in Phoenix: revival of an Indian market, with dancing. Sunset, Vol. 160, no. 3 (March), pp. 3-4. [Mention is made of Papago Indians as being participants in the market.]

    1978e           Outline of the project. Ultimate Reality and Meaning, Vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 11-64. Assen, The Netherlands, Van Gorcum Ltd. [The bulk of this outline for a proposed Encyclopedia of Human Ideas on Ultimate Reality and Meaning is a listing of the world's spoken languages. Papago is listed as part of the Uto-Aztecan linguistic family (p. 35).]

    1978f            Papago Indians go solar. Chemistry, Vol. 51, no. 7 (September), p. 3. Easton, Pennsylvania, American Chemical Society. [This is an advance notice about plans of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to install a solar power plant by September, 1978 in the village of Schuchulik ("Chickens"; Gunsight) on the Papago Indian Reservation. A color photo shows a Papago woman cooking over an outdoor barbecue-style fireplace.]

    1978g           Pisinimo human development project. [Phoenix], Arizona Department of Economic Security. 113 pp. ["This publication summarizes the Pisinemo Human Development Consultation which took place at Pisinemo on the Papago Reservation on October 8-14, 1978 organized by the Institute of Cultural Affairs Consultants."]

    1978h           [Untitled.] Locater, Vol. 1, no. 5 (August), p. 15. Lake Havasu City, Arizona, Locater Publications, Inc. [A black-and-white photo of the south elevation of the church of Mission San Xavier del Bac underlies a six-paragraph account of its history.]

    1979a           Council announces new grants. Humanities, Winter, p. 1. Phoenix, Arizona Humanities Council. [Notice is given here that $7,521 was granted Ato Una Noche Plateada for a documentary, >Papago Baskets Weave a People.=@]

    1979b           First Papago grammar book aids learning of language. The Graduate News, Vol. 3, no. 7 (Summer), pp. 1, 6. Tucson, The University of Arizona, Graduate College. [About Papago Indian graduate student Ofelia Zepeda and her work on the development of a written Papago grammar to aid in the teaching of Papago.]

    1979c           The O=odham gi:ky book; Papago plows & tools: where to buy or repair traditional farm equipment in the Arizona-Sonora borderlands. s.l., s.n. [A pamphlet. The title is the abstract.]

    1979d           O=odham ha-cecmait c pa:n. Sells, Arizona, San Simon School.

    1979e           The Pisinimo experience. Southwest Horizons, November, p. 2. Phoenix, Institute of Cultural Affairs. [This newsletter of the Institute of Cultural Affairs offers a brief account of the first year of the Institute=s efforts in community development in the villages of Pisinemo, Santa Cruz and San Simon on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1980a           About Tucson. Festival festivities. Tucson Magazine, Vol. 6, no. 4 (April), pp. 8-9, 12-13. Tucson, Desert Silhouette Publishing Company. [Included here is mention of the sale of food by Papagos at the Pioneer Days celebration in Tucson. There is also a photo of the Papago Desert Indian Dancers performing outside of Mission San Xavier del Bac.]

    1980b           Cikpandam nahagio. Waitsburg, Washington, Coppei House for the San Simon School. 5 pp. [Drawings accompany the Papago text of a children's story about "Worker Rat."]

    1980c           The edible desert. Sunset, Vol. 164, no. 4 (April), pp. 58-60. Menlo Park, California, Lane Publishing Company. [Papagos are included here as being among Indians who glean foods from the desert.]

    1980d           When everything was real. An introduction to Papago desert food. Sells, Arizona, Indian Oasis School District #40. Illus., bibl. 68 pp. [This excellent book lists and describes the use and preparation of twenty-eight foods gathered, seven foods cultivated, and twelve foods hunted by Papagos, with the Papago, common English, and scientific names for each. Also included are a calendar of Papago seasons, a sketch of the background of Papago people, and acknowledgments.]

    1981a           Anthropologist Thomas, author Momaday are added to UA faculty. Arizona Report, Vol. 16, no. 2 November), p. 12/ Tucson, University of Arizona Foundation. [This article features seven University of Arizona faculty members, including newly-hired Robert K. Thomas whose, Afamily members still live in the area. His late wife was Papago painter Eva Domingo.@ Also featured is Dr. Alice S. Paul, Ed.D., AThe first Papago to receive a doctorate.@ Both are shown in photos.]

    1981b           Colorful doings on the plaza at Mission San Xavier del Bac ... easy bus trip from Tucson. Sunset, Vol. 166, no. 3 (March), pp. 40, 42. Menlo Park, California, Lane Publishing Company. [About Papago and other celebrations held in the plaza just south of Mission San Xavier del Bac. Black-and-white photos included.]

    1981c           Joining the Papagos as they celebrate the saguaro. Sunset, Vol. 166, no. 6 (June), pp. 54. 56. Menlo Park, California, Lane Publishing Company. [This is about the demonstration of harvesting and preparation of saguaro fruit by Papago woman Juanita Ahil for the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum in the Tucson Mountains.]

    1981d           Roundup. Buckskin Bulletin, Vol. 15, no. 4 (Fall), pp. 4-5. Tucson, Westerners International. [On page 5 there is a photo by Peyton Reavis of Danny Lopez standing by the Children=s Shrine on the Papago Indian Reservation. The caption reads: ADanny Lopez, Papago leader who has brought about a renewal of tradition and history of his tribe, telling the story of the Children=s Shrine at a meeting of the Adobe Corral in Tucson. They visited La Ventana cave, site of an important dig on the reservation. The shrine is in memory of children who were sacrificed to halt a threatening flood far back in Papago legends.@]

    1981e           Solar power project at Papago village to end; conventional electricity available. Indian News Notes, Vol. 5, no. 43 (November 20). Washington, D.C., Bureau of Indian Affairs, Office of Public Information Staff. [Notice is given here that the solar-powered electric generating facility that had been installed in 1978 at Schuchuli Village (Gunsight) of the Papago Indian Reservation was going to be closed down Aby late December or early January@ in favor of conventional electricity from Arizona Public Service. Only the pump of the village well might be kept on solar power.]

    1982a           Application of remote sensing in evaluating floodwater farming on the Papago Indian Reservation [Completion Report, OWRT Project No. C-90258-G], prepared by Applied Remote Sensing Program. Tucson, The University of Arizona, Office of Arid Lands Studies, Applied Remote Sensing Program. 99 pp. [A study of the efficiency and practicability of traditional-style Papago floodwater farming as it has been carried out in the Baboquivari Valley on the Papago Indian Reservation. A model is presented for the hydrological system of a field and its contributing watershed. The report includes five appendices.]

    1982b           Fields and gardens in Topawa, Baboquivari District, Papago Indian Reservation: a survey. In Application of remote sensing in evaluating floodwater farming on the Papago Indian Reservation, prepared by Applied Remote Sensing Program, Appendix B, pp. 81-96. Tucson, The University of Arizona, Office of Arid Lands Studies, Applied Remote Sensing Program. [Contributing to this study was the Southwest Program of Meals for Millions. It gives results of a household survey carried out in 1981 in Topawa concerning the numbers of fields and gardens formerly used by Papagos and attitudes concerning possible revitalization of traditional farming and gardening methods.]

    1982c           Helen ha=icu A:ga / Helen=s story [Papago Culture History Reader]. Waitsburg, Washington, Coppei House, Publisher. Illus. 15 pp. [This illustrated booklet is about the life of Tohono O=odham Helen Ramon. With text in Papago, it is intended as a reader for young people in the San Simon School on the Sells Reservation.]

    1982c           Meet the Pimas, Papagos, Maricopas, and Apaches ... at the Gila Heritage Park opening this month. Sunset, Vol. 168, no. 5 (May), pp. 48-50. Menlo Park, California, Lane Publishing Company. [About an open air museum on the Gila River Indian Reservation in southern Arizona, one that displays aspects of Pima, Papago, Maricopa, and Apache cultures.]

    1982d           Papago fields make grad's best classroom. The Graduate News, Vol. 6, no. 3 (February), pp. 2-3. Tucson, University of Arizona. [This is a discussion of Gary Nabhan's graduate research on Papago floodwater farming.]

    1983a           Growing teparies in the desert. Desert Plants, Vol. 5, no. 1, p. 64. Superior, Arizona, The University of Arizona for the Boyce Thompson Arboretum. [Although the generic term "O'odham" is used in discussing their cultivation of the tepary bean, it's clear that Tohono O'odham are those being chiefly considered. And while unsigned, this brief essay was probably written by Gary Nabhan.]

    1983b           A history of AURA, Inc. In AURA, the first twenty-five years. 1957-1982, pp. 7-11. Tucson, The Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. [Included here is a history of the development of Kitt Peak National Observatory on the Papago Indian Reservation, with mention of the lease of land from the Papago Tribe and including a photograph of a meeting among Schuk Toak District Council members, Tribal Chairman Mark Manuel, administrative assistant Chester Higman, and representatives of AURA.]

    1983c           Map of the Gila Heritage Park. Humanities, winter, p. 4. Phoenix, Arizona Humanities Council. [A map and caption show the Gila Heritage Park "recently opened" on the Gila River Indian Reservation next to Interstate 10 some 36 miles south of Phoenix. This life-size, open air museum includes a Papago household.]

    1983d           Mariachi maestros in Tucson. Republic Scene, Vol. 4, no. 4 (April), p. 11. Los Angeles, East/West Network, Inc. [Mention is made of the Tucson Festival Society's Mission San Xavier Pageant held this year (1983) on April 8.]

    1983e           Papago Indian coloring book. Tucson, Treasure Chest Publications, Inc. [With drawings by Connie Asch and captions and a one-paragraph text, this is a children's coloring book whose thirty images depict such scenes as "Papago War Dancer," "A Papago Indian Village in the Desert," "A Papago Indian Farmer Irrigating His Crops," and "Gathering Sweet Red Fruit from the Saguaro Cactus." Also see Asch 1983.]

    1983f            The Papago small farms project. Southwest Horizons, March, p. 5. Phoenix, Institute of Cultural Affairs. [This is a notice that on January 8, 1983, the Papago Small Farms Project hosted an open house at the new Pisinemo Community Center with a hundred people in attendance. They were given a tour of the forty-acre demonstration/teaching farm.]

    1983g           Three Southwest projects selected to attend exposition in India. Southwest Horizons, December, p. 1. s.l., Institute of Cultural Affairs. [APractitioners@ involved in the community development project at Pisinemo on the Papago Indian Reservation are among those chosen to attend the October International Exposition of Rural Development in India.].

    1983h           Tucson poetry festival. Creative Writing Newsletter, Vol. 7, no. 3 (February), p. 6. Tucson, University of Arizona Poetry Center. [Notice is included here that on March 27, 1983, there will be a bilingual poetry reading by Papago poets Ofelia Zepeda and Danny Lopez in the Temple of Music and Art in Tucson.]

    1983i            [Untitled] Newsletter of the Tekakwitha Conference, Vol. 3, no. 1 (March), p. [3]. Great Falls, Montana, Tekakwitha Conference. [This is a black-and-white photo of several people eating in the dining hall of the Tekakwitha Rectory, Great Falls, Montana, one of whom is "Mr. Joseph Enos, a member of the Papago Indian nation, from Casa Grande, Arizona, and a resource person for the Tekakwitha Conference." His participation in the conference is referred to on page (5), and he is in another photo on the same page.]

    1984a           Arizona in the eighties. Copper State Bulletin, Vol. 19, no. 2 (Summer), pp. 50-52. Tucson, Arizona State Genealogical Society. [An account written by a woman who spent most of 1883 in Tucson mentions her visit to Mission San Xavier del Bac where there were "a few Indian converts wandering about." She also mentions the "picturesque" Indian women, presumably in Tucson, "bearing on their backs curiously-shaped baskets filled with earthenware jars, each with a big splotch of indigo blue on one side. Their bright waists and skirts made a note of color along the streets. The basket was held by a colorful headband which was sometimes beaded." She also describes a typical Papago dome-shaped brush house which she visited in Tucson: "a big straw beehive with a hole at the top to let the smoke of the fire inside escape. A tiny brushwood fence in front of the beehive enclosed a couple of stones on which a Papago woman was beating corn. Her man idly watched the process. He spoke a little Spanish, so my escort soon obtained permission for us to look into the hut; which we did by crawling on our knees. An earthen floor showed four rugs radiating from back to center where the fire was built when needed" (p. 50).]

    1984b           A brief Papago bibliography. Arid Lands Newsletter, no. 20 (January), p. 31. Tucson, University of Arizona, Office of Arid Lands Studies. [This is a list of twenty books and articles concerning Papago Indians written by fourteen authors.]

    1984c           Butterflies. In American Indian myths and legends, selected and edited by Richard Erdoes and Alfonso Ortiz, pp. 407-408. New York, Pantheon Books. [This is a Papago folktale, "retold from various sources," concerning why the butterflies, unlike birds, have no songs.]

    1984d           A calendar of special events for members. Fall/Winter 1984-85. sonorensis, Vol. 6, no. 2 (Fall), pp. 12-14. Tucson, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. [Included among these events is a desert harvest bazaar, one featuring a Papago woman demonstrating basket making. A photo shows Papago Juanita Ahil working on a coiled basket.]

    1984e           Desert voices. Arid Lands Newsletter, no. 20 (January), p. 14. Tucson, University of Arizona, Office of Arid Lands Studies. [About the Papago-language radio program broadcast once each week from the University of Arizona's radio station KUAT-AM by Danny Lopez and, occasionally, by Ofelia Zepeda. A photo of Lopez is included.]

    1984f            How it all began ... and then some! Copper State Bulletin, Vol. 19, no. 1 (Spring), pp. 19-21. Tucson, Arizona State Genealogical Society. [Some wildly erroneous history, including the assertions that missions were established among the Pimas, Papago, and Maricopas in the middle of the 16th century. Mention is made of the founding of Mission San Xavier del Bac for Papagos.]

    1984g           In Tucson: a bountiful bazaar celebrates the harvest, November 17 and 18. Sunset, Vol. 173, no. 5 (November), pp. 6, 8. Menlo Park, California, Lane Publishing Company. [Accompanying this article about the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum's annual Harvest Bazaar is a photo of Papago Indians dancing and carrying floats representing water birds, clouds, and lightning.]

    1984h           Los Tohonos offers a great season. Tohono (desert) talk, December, pp. 1-2. Tucson, Tucson Festival Society. [Included in the season of events being offered by Los Tohonos is a December 7 events at which, ADr. Bernard Fontana, ethnohistorian, will speak on the Papago Indians at a luncheon of Papago foods at the home of Susan Smith.@]

    1984i            Montezuma and the great flood. In American Indians myths and legends, selected and edited by Richard Erdoes and Alfonso Ortiz, pp. 487-89. New York, Pantheon Books. ["Based on a tale reported in 1883," this is a fragment of a Papago creation story, one in which Montezuma created all Indian tribes. It also recounts what happened to Montezuma and Coyote during a subsequent flood and tells how Montezuma's intransigence brought White men to come destroy Montezuma.]

    1984j            Monthly roundup. July. The Branding Iron, no. 156 (September), p. 10. Los Angeles, Los Angeles Corral of the Westerners. [A notice of the talk given by Ted Weissbuck on the subject of Papago Indian basketry, one illustrated with a picture of Weissbuck holding a large coiled plaque with a man-in-the-maze woven into it.]

    1984k           O'odham Tash: three days of Indian happenings in Casa Grande, Arizona. Sunset, Vol. 172, no. 2 (February), pp. 3-4. Menlo Park, California, Lane Publishing Company. [This annual celebration in Casa Grande, Arizona, takes its name, "O'odham Tash," from Papago/Pima words which translate literally as "Indian Day."]

    1984l            'Out there' right here; the anomaly. Arid Lands Newsletter, no. 20 (January), p. 13. Tucson, University of Arizona, Office of Arid Lands Research. [A brief discussion of Kitt Peak National Observatory on Kitt Peak in the Quinlan Mountains on the Papago Indian Reservation. Black-and-white photo of the observatory and a view of Baboquivari Peak in the distance is included.]

    1984m          Papago housing: old but new. Arid Lands Newsletter, no. 20 (January), p. 29. Tucson, The University of Arizona, Office of Arid Lands Research. [Three photos and a story about a combination office/kitchen/meeting hall built by Papagos of adobe at Topawa on the Papago Indian Reservation. The structure serves as headquarters for the Baboquivari District.]

    1984n           Survey of ethnographic collections in the National Park Service. CRM Bulletin, Vol. 7, no. 2 (July), pp. 14-16. Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Cultural Resources. [Included here is a list of Papago items, such as baskets, ceramics, gaming sticks, arrows, etc., in Arizona's Hubbell Trading Post, Casa Grande National Monument, Tumacacori National Monument, and the Western Archeological and Conservation Center in Tucson.]

    1984o           Tohono O'odham: lives of the desert people. Salt Lake City, University of Utah Printing Services for the Papago Tribe. Ill. 43 pp.

    1984p           The transformed grandmother. In American Indian myths and legends, selected and edited by Richard Erdoes and Alfonso Ortiz, pp. 451-52. New York, Pantheon Books. [Attributed to both Pima and Papago, this tale tells how a grandmother was accidentally killed and turned into a blue stone and burning stick.]

    1984q           Welcome to Tucson. In The official visitors guide to metropolitan Tucson, front cover, p. 1. Tucson, Metropolitan Tucson Convention & Visitors Bureau. [A color photo by Ray Manley of the front of the church of Mission San Xavier del Bac at sunset is on the cover, and the article says, AFather Eusebio Francisco Kino, a Jesuit missionary, during his initial visit in 1687, reported the land occupied by Pima and Sobaipuri Indians.@]

    1985a           A calendar of special events for members, summer, 1985: June: saguaro harvest. sonorensis, Vol. 6, no. 4 (Summer), p. 17. Tucson, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. [A notice about annual events held for members of the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum includes the note: "Its significance to the longtime desert dwelling Papago Indians of Arizona alone has taken many books and articles to describe and we still continue to learn of new and as yet undescribed uses from old people who have been living with the saguaro through their long lives."]

    1985b           Indian culture awareness week observed in April in five schools. Your Sunnyside Story, Vol. 19, no. 8 (June), p. 7. Tucson, Sunnyside Unified School District No. 12. [Mention is made of the fact that most Indian students in Sunnyside School District schools are Papago. "Many live in the San Xavier Village, which the Papagos call Wa:k, meaning never-ending spring.]

    1985c           Native American Research and Training Center seeks synthesis of traditions. Arizona Report, Vol. 18, no. 6 (July-August), p. 6. Tucson, The University of Arizona Foundation. [Included here is a discussion of the Papago Reservation Outreach Clinic started in 1983 as "a model for delivery of rehabilitation and health services to Native Americans in remote areas; a training ground for health workers for Native Americans; and a site for research and documentation of methods and their effectiveness."]

    1985d           Powwow time at Tucson's San Xavier, March 9 and 10. Sunset, Vol. 174, no. 3 (March), p. 7. Menlo Park, California, Lane Publishing Company. [About an all-Indian powwow, one which includes Papago participants, held adjacent to Mission San Xavier del Bac.]

    1985e           Preserving today ... . Arizona Alumnus, Vol. 62, no. 3 (Spring), p. 5. Tucson, Arizona Alumni Association. [About the American Indian linguistics program at the University of Arizona, mention is made of the first Papago Ph.D. in linguistics, Ofelia Zepeda, and her dissertation, and a Helga Teiwes color photo is printed showing a little Papago girl on a hill next to Menager's Dam on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1985f            The second annual Papago fiddle contest. AzU Library Newsletter, no. 8 (March 4), p. 1. Tucson, [The University of Arizona Library]. A notice about the fact that the Southwest Folklore Center of the University of Arizona Library will be sponsoring an all Papago Old Time Fiddle Orchestra competition as part of the annual Wa:k Pow-Wow at San Xavier village on March 9.]

    1985g           Silversmithing, basket weaving, and more at Heritage Days in Tucson ... October 25, 26, 27. Sunset, Vol. 175, no. 3 (October), p. 8. Menlo Park, California, Lane Publishing Company. [Among the demonstrators is Papago basket maker Frances Manuel. She is also shown in a captioned photo.]

    1986a           General Motors collectible car and truck calendar for 1987. s.l., s.n. [The October calendar features a color photo of Father Walter Holly and of Thomas Hubbard standing by Hubbard=s 1950 Cadillac, with the southeast elevation of the church of Mission San Xavier del Bac and its convento wing in the immediate background.]

    1986b           The Old Pueblo salutes Davis-Monthan. San Diego, MARCOA Publishing Inc. Map, illus. 72 pp. [A note says that materials for this book were Aedited, prepared and provided by the Pubic Affairs Office of David-Monthan Air Force Base.@ An illustration of the south-southwest elevation of the church of Mission San Xavier del Bac is on the front cover and title page, and in a section titled, ATucson: history and heritage,@ there is mention of Papagos and Pimas and there is a color photo of the east transept of Misson San Xavier (p. 65). The San Xavier reservation is mentioned, and there is a black-and-white photo of Grotto Hill on the reservation on page 66.]

    1986c           Tumacacori offers Papago basketry workshops in fall, perhaps last ones. Newsletter, September, p. 2. Nogales, Arizona, Pimeria Alta Historical Society. [This is an announcement of three three-day workshops to be conducted at Tumacacori National Monument in September, October, and November respectively by Juanita Ahil, Anita Antone, and Margaret Manuel.]

    1987a           All shook up. City Magazine, Vol. 2, no. 5 (May), p. 22. Tucson, First City Publications, Inc. [A note about the earthquake which shook northern Sonora and southern Arizona a century ago, on May 3, 1887, and which crumbled the cemetery wall surrounding the colonial-period cemetery at Mission San Xavier del Bac.]

    1987b           Arizona Book Fair. Book Source Monthly, Vol. 3, no. 8 (November), p. 3. Cazenovia, New York, The Book Source. [It is noted that the third annual Arizona Book Fair Awill honor Father Eusebio Francisco Kino (who) established approximately twenty four missions, including San Xavier del Bac near Tucson, and Santa Magdalena where he ultimately died.@]

    1987c           Day trips: Kitt Peak/Ajo; attractions; Mission San Xavier del Bac. In The Official Visitors Guide to Metropolitan Tucson, pp. 20, 22. Tucson, JWJ Enterprises, Inc. [Brief notices concerning the tourist attractions of Kitt Peak on the Tohono O'odham Nation and of Mission San Xavier del Bac (on the San Xavier District of the Tohono O'odham Nation).]

    1987d           Happy 50th birthday, Organ Pipe National Monument. Sunset, Vol. 178, no. 4 (April), pp. 6, 8. Menlo Park, California, Lane Publishing Company. [A notice concerning celebration, one involving O'odham, of the park's 50th anniversary to be held on the weekend of April 11-13.]

    1987e           Historical, ecological and ethnographic overview. In The San Xavier Archaeological Project [Southwest Cultural Series, No. 1, Vol. 2], by David C. Hanna and Douglas E. Kupel, section 3B. Tucson, Cultural & Environmental Systems, Inc. [With the focus on San Xavier del Bac and its surrounding reservation (since 1874), this 123-page report, complete with maps, provides an overview of the area=s history under the major headings of AThe Spanish Entrada Period to the Jesuit Expulsion, 1528 to 1767,@ AThe Spanish and Mexican Frontier, 1768 to 1854,@ AThe Anglo-American Settlement Period, 1854 to 1940,@ and AWorld War II to Present, 1940 to 1984.@ Spanish missionaries Kino and Garcés are included in the discussion as is Mission San Xavier del Bac. The social, economic, and political organization among the O=odham and between the O=odham and others is considered for each period. The entire essay is based on secondary sources or on primary sources as published in English translation of Spanish sources. There is good information here on non-Indian historic sites within the boundaries of the 1874 reservation: the José María Martínez ranch, later owned by J.M. Berger; Rancho Punta de Agua; Cottonwood Ranch settlements; Leopoldo Carrillo stock ranch; Manuel Amado Ranch; Raglan homestead; and miscellaneous historic structures and sites.]

    1987f            Letters in the Bowie Report. In The San Xavier Archaeological Project [Southwest Cultural Series, No. 1, Vol. 5], by Peter L. Steere and others, appendix H3, pp. 44-61. Tucson, Cultural & Environmental Systems, Inc. [These letters, which appeared in the unpublished 1918-1919 report by William L. Bowie (1963) concerning the so-called AHunter Claims@ to parcels of Papago lands, are those that relate to the 1881 eviction by Indian Agent Roswell G., Wheeler of non-Indians living within the boundaries of the Papago (San Xavier) Indian Reservation. The compilers of these letters, Susan Steere and Thomas Barnes, note that encroachment on Papago lands at San Xavier began at least as early as 1870. Letters on this subject presented here were written by Wheeler (eight letters); W.G. Cook, physician to the Papagos (March 20, 1882); and Ascencio Rioz (Ascención Ríos), an O=odham, Afor and behalf of San Xavier,@ May 3, 1882.]

    1987g           List of plant resources and their use. In The San Xavier Archaeological Project [Southwest Cultural Series, No. 1, Vol. 5], by Peter L. Steere and others, appendix H1. Tucson, Cultural & Environmental Systems, Inc. [With botanical names in Latin, common names in English, and, when known, in O=odham and in Spanish, this is an ethnobotanically annotated list of plants known to have been used by Tohono O=odham and many of which are found within the 18,719-acre area of the San Xavier Indian Reservation that was being considered for a long-term lease and development as a planned community for 100,000 people. The lengthiest annotation is for the saguaro cactus, one that lists many uses to which the saguaro has traditionally been put by Tohono O=odham. Among these: AA perforation bored into a saguaro stick was employed as a bowstring smoother. ... A portion of the heart of the saguaro rib was utilized in firemaking. A palm drill of ... Larrea tridentata was placed atop a small pile of saguaro sawdust. The drill was spun between a person=s palms to create friction, causing the saguaro rib sawdust pile to ignite.@]

    1987h           Mission San Xavier del Bac: the white dove of the desert. Highroads, Vol. 32, no. 4 (November/December), pp. 3, 10-11. Phoenix, Arizona Automobile Association. [A color photo on p. 3 and five more on pages 10-11 accompany this "Destination: Arizona" travel article describing briefly the history and appearance of Mission San Xavier del Bac.]

    1987i            On the 300-year-old trail of Father Kino. Sunset, Vol. 179, no. 4 (October), pp. 52, 54, 56, 58. Menlo Park, California, Lane Publishing Company. [Illustrated with black-and-white photos, this article is about the missions founded by Father Eusebio Kino, S.J., in the late 17th and early 18th centuries in the Pimería Alta for the Piman Indians (O'odham).]

    1987j            Our town: a portrait. Photographs by Jack W. Dykinga. City Magazine, Vol. 2, no. 11 (November), pp. 33-63. Tucson, First City Publications, Inc. [Included here are a black-and-white photo of linguist and Papago Indian Ofelia Zepeda, a one-paragraph description of her, and a two-paragraph quote of some of her observations concerning the Tohono O'odham language.]

    1987k           Traditions in transition: contemporary basket weaving of the Southwestern Indians. Las Palabras, Vol. 8, no. 2, p. 1. Taos, New Mexico, Millicent Rogers Museum. [Discussion of a museum exhibit at the Millicent Rogers Museum mentions that Papago baskets, among others, are on display.]

    1987l            61 things to do. Tucson Guide, Vol. 5, no. 1 (Spring), pp. 10-11, 13, 15-18. Tucson, Madden Publishing, Inc. [Among the 61 listed places to visit in and near Tucson are Kitt Peak National Observatory on the Papago Indian Reservation and Mission San Xavier del Bac.]

    1988a           Calabasas: mission, Indian village, hacienda, army post, customs house. Arizona History, Vol. 5, no. 1 (January-February), p. 7. Tucson, Arizona Historical Society. [An outline history of the structure of Calabazas on the Santa Cruz River in southern Arizona mentions that in 1807 the Papago governor of Tumacacori resettled some of his people on the site.]

    1988b           Plants and people of the Sonoran Desert. Trail guide. Agave, Vol. 3, no. 1 (Winter), pp. 1-35. Phoenix, Desert Botanical Garden. [This is a special issue of this quarterly journal, one devoted to explaining items found along a trail illustrating plants and people of the Sonoran Desert. Although Tohono O'odham are not mentioned specifically, the information concerning their plant use is included by way of generalized discussion of O'odham (Pima and Papago) plant use. Included is information on preparing saguaro fruit, on making baskets, on making black paint for pottery, on preparing mesquite flour, on making gourd canteens, and more. This is an excellent summary of Tohono O'odham ethnobotany.]

    1988c           Projects funded since the last newsletter. Humanities, Fall, pp. 6-7.

                         Phoenix, Arizona Humanities Council. [The Tohono O=odham Nation received $9,165 for a book-length textbook to be prepared from oral information and archival documents for distribution to students and adults of the Tohono O=odham Nation.]

    1988d           Tono [sic] O'odham collaborative leadership training. Initiatives, Spring, p. 2. Los Angeles, Institute of Cultural Affairs. [It's mentioned that specialists in leadership training will be working with Tohono O'odham in the Sif Oidak District to help the latter develop a VISTA program aimed at development of local industry, increased participation in decision making, and local agricultural development.]

    1989a           First international symposium on the Pinacates. CEDO News / Noticias del CEDO, Vol. 2, no. 1 (Spring / Summer), pp. 21, 24. Tucson, Intercultural Center for the Study of Deserts and Oceans, Inc. / Centro Intercultural de Estudios de Desiertos y Oceanos, A.C. [This is a report on a conference on the Pinacates of northwest Sonora held October 27-29, 1989. AThe opening presentation and discussion were made by representatives of the Tohono O=odham nation. As the original inhabitants of the area they are naturally concerned with its future and they requested a voice in that future. In Tohono O=odham culture the Pinacate Mountain is the place of creation and home of their creator, E=toi. As Mike Flores, member of the Hia=ced O=odham (San Papago), said, >By their origins the Tohono O=odham are called upon to respect the land on which they walk.= Robert Cruz added that, >Indigenous peoples have a lot to contribute to a world conservation strategy.=@ Gary Nabhan observed that traditional Tohono O=odham runoff agriculture can be compatible with a protected zone.]

    1989b           Gunsight Mountain, future preserves. Archaeology in Tucson, Vol. 3, no. 3 (Summer), pp. 1-2, 7. Tucson, Institute for American Research. [A discussion of the Gunsight Mountain Archaeological District including and surrounding the Sierrita Mountains of southern Arizona mentions the finding of two sherds of plainware pottery that may have been manufactured either by Tohono O'odham or Sobaipuri Indians between A.D. 1450 and 1700.]

    1989c           A step back in time. The restoration of San Xavier del Bac. Construction News West, Vol. 25, no. 50 (December 18), front cover, pp. 8-10. Phoenix, McGraw-Hill. [This is an illustrated article about work being done by Sonny Morales and his Morales Construction Company on the repair and renovation of the church structure of Mission San Xavier del Bac. Details about the mission=s construction and renovation are offered, and the article is accompanied by a half-dozen photos of the mission, including a cover photo of Morales standing on the roof of the church.]

    1989d           Weave like a Navajo, make jewelry like a Hopi. Sunset, Vol. 182, no. 3 (March), pp. 22-24. Menlo Park, California, Lane Publishing Company. [Mention is made of a Tohono O'odham basketry workshop offered occasionally at Tumacacori National Monument as well as at San Pedro village on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1989d           Work on San Xavier stretches 4 generations. Construction News West, Vol. 25, no. 50 (December 18), p. 11. Phoenix, McGraw-Hill. [This is about Sonny Morales, the contractor in charge of renovation work on the church of Mission San Xavier del Bac. It=s noted that the Morales family has been working on the church for forty years, and that his father and grandfather had both been involved. There is a photo of Morales working on repair of an exterior cornice on the church.]

    1989-90       Introduction. Tucson Official Visitors Guide, Fall-Winter, front cover, p. 5. Tucson, Madden Publishing Company. [It is said here that when Father Eusebio Kino "made his initial visit to the (Tucson) area in 1687 (sic), he found Tohono O'odham and Pima Indians living in the settlement called 'Stjukson.' Roughly, it means 'spring at the foot of a black mountain,' and referred to the then-flowing Santa Cruz River" (sic). A color photo of the southeast elevation of the east bell tower and a portion of the atrium wall is on the front cover.]

    1990a           Expanding Latin American research at the UA. Review, Vol. 2, no. 1 (Spring), p. [3]. Tucson, The University of Arizona, International Programs. [An article about the Latin American Area Center at the University of Arizona observes, "Cultural borrowing and interchange among its Native American, Hispanic, Mexican, and Anglo components have characterized the region since the founding of San Xavier del Bac Mission by Father Eusebio Francisco Kino in 1700" (sic).]

    1990b           Fiesta de Tumacacori: December 2. Tucson Guide Quarterly, Vol. 8, no. 4 (Winter), p. 36. Tucson, Madden Publishing Company. [A note about the annual fiesta held at Tumacacori Mission observes that in the 19th century its (Piman) Indians moved to San Xavier.]

    1990c           Historic preservation grants. Federal Archeology Report, Vol. 30, no. 3 (September), pp. 5-6. Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Archeological Assistance Division. [Notice is given here of a grant to the Ak-Chin EcoMuseum / Archives in the O=odham Ak-Chin Community of Arizona for an oral history project.]

    1990d           Man-in-the-maze earrings. Wireless, early Spring, p. 24. St. Paul, Minnesota Public Radio. [This "gift catalogue for fans of public radio" includes this advertisement for $15.00 earrings which feature a "traditional design (illustrated) from Arizona's Tohono O'odham Indians," a design said to represent "humankind's journey through the 'Maze of Life' back to the Source. The maze is long and circuitous, but all ways lead to the center -- the test is to have faith to keep it going."]

    1990e           Mission San Xavier del Bac project (sala principal). Espada Ancha, Vol. 2, no. 1 (March), p. 3. Mesa, Arizona, The Center for Spanish Colonial Archaeology. [This is a progress report on the status of study and reporting on archaeological investigations carried out by Jack S. Williams in the sala principal, or, more properly, the sala de profundis, of Mission San Xavier del Bac. It is observed there have been excavations, a literature search, and a documentary search; that two boxes of artifacts were recovered; and that a report should be published in 1991.]

    1990f            November 1990 [and] Brother Cyril Unger, O.F.M. (1902-1990). Westfriars, Vol. 23, no. 10 (November), p. 4. Tucson, Franciscan Province of Saint Barbara. [There is a list here of Franciscan friars in the St. Barbara Province who died in the years 1987-1990, including some who worked among the Papagos: Regis Rohder, Marcian Bucher, Lambert Fremdling, Celestine Chin, and Cyril Unger. An obituary of Brother Cyril Unger notes his service in Ajo and his three-time stint at Mission San Xavier del Bac.]

    1990g           Saguaro harvest. sonorensis, Vol. 11, no. 1 (Spring), p. 20. Tucson, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. [Given notice here is an event for members of the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum on June 23 or 24 in which the fruit of saguaro will be collected and converted into syrup in the traditional Tohono O'odham manner.]

    1990h           San Pedro River prehistory. Archaeology in Tucson, Vol. 4, no. 1 (Winter), pp. [1]-[3]. Tucson, Center for Desert Archaeology. [This article, which includes a map, provides an overview of the prehistory and historical aboriginal history (including that of the Piman-speaking Sobaipuri Indians) in the San Pedro River Valley in southeastern Arizona. It also includes a history of archaeology that has been done here, both surveys and excavations.]

    1990i            Tribal visitors. Indian Programs, Vol. 3, no. 2 (Spring), p. 9. Tucson, The University of Arizona, Coordinator of Indian Programs. [Mention is made of a visit to the University of Arizona campus in September, 1989, by Larry Garcia of the Research and Planning Office of the Tohono O'odham Nation. He met with archaeologists Emil Haury and Raymond Thompson to discuss the possible construction of a visitors' center at Ventana Cave on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1990j            UA Faculty of Humanities: stitching together curricula, research for 'crazy quilt' culture, 21st century. Arizona Report, Vol. 23, no. 2 (Spring), pp. 2-3. Tucson, The University of Arizona Foundation. [Three photographs and a caption explain Tucson's annual folk festival, "Tucson Meet Yourself." One of the photos is of dancing O'odham children.]

    1990k           Waila. Southwest, Spring, p. 11. Tucson, The University of Arizona, Southwest Center. [This article tells about the history and function of the Tohono O'odham waila, a social dance typically performed to the accompaniment of a button accordion, saxophone, guitar, bass guitar, and drums. Notice is given of a waila festival to be held at the Arizona Historical Society in Tucson in April 1990, and there is a poem here about waila written by Betty Jane Sheppard.]

    1991a           Ak-Chin EcoMuseum construction started. Federal Archeology Report, Vol. 4, no. 1 (March), p. 24. Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Archeological Assistance Division. [This is an announcement that in January, 1991 construction began at the Ak-Chin Indian Community (on the Ak Chin Reservation) on a museum for the display of artifacts. A few details are given.]

    1991b           Ak-Chin EcoMuseum opens. Federal Archeology Report, Vol. 4, no. 4 (September), p. 25. Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Archeological Assistance Division. [This is a brief notice about the June 29-30 ceremonies marking the opening of a new museum on the Pima/Papago Ak Chin Reservation in southern Arizona.]

    1991c           Albert Alvarez. In One hundred-fourth commencement program, p. 12. Tucson, The University of Arizona. [This is a three-paragraph account of the accomplishments of O'odham linguist Albert Alvarez published here on the occasion of his receiving from the University of Arizona the honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters.]

    1991d           The archaeology scene. News on what's happening in southern Arizona. Archaeology in Tucson, Vol. 6, no. 1 (January), pp. 6-7. Tucson, Center for Desert Archaeology. [Noted here are archaeological surveys carried out on the Tohono O'odham Nation's lands for the Indian Health Service. Sites were located just east of Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, in the Quijotoa Valley, in Gu Oidak Valley, La Quituni Valley, and near North Komelik in the Santa Rosa Valley.]

    1991e           Bonaventure Oblasser, O.F.M. Father of the O'odham Nation. Westfriars, Vol. 24, no. 6 (June), p. 3. Tucson, Franciscan Province of St. Barbara. [A photograph of this 20th-century Franciscan missionary among Papago Indians is accompanied by a five-sentence caption, one that credits him with having helped create the main Papago Indian Reservation. It also asserts that : of the adult Tohono O'odham alive at the time of his death in 1967 had been baptized by him.]

    1991f            Dedication ceremony of new Liberty Elementary School. Your Sunnyside Story, Vol. 26, no. 3 (November-December), p. 1. Tucson, Sunnyside Unified School District No. 12. [Included here is a black-and-white photo of pre-school dancers from the San Xavier District of the Tohono O'odham Nation under the direction of Frances Martinez performing at the dedication ceremonies on October 26, 1991. Tribal member Louise Havier also offered a blessing for the school.]

    1991g           Festivals & Fiestas. Tucson Guide Quarterly, Vol. 10, no. 1 (Winter), p. 24. Tucson, Madden Publishing, Inc. [Included here is a notice of the December 1 Fiesta de Tumacácori, one that notes the Tumacácori=s Indians Amoved north to San Xavier, taking church property (statues) along.@]

    1991h           First rural arts celebration a success. Tucson/Pima Arts Council Update, October-November, p. 8. Tucson, Tucson/Pima Arts Council. [A photograph of the American Indian (O'odham) Children's Dance Group accompanies a report of a June 29, 1991 Pima Rural Arts Celebration held at Canoa Hills Social Center in Green Valley, Arizona. In addition to these Tohono O'odham children, musicians from the Big Fields waila band also performed.]

    1991i            Geografica. National Geographic, Vol. 179, no. 2 (February), unnumbered page. Washington, D.C., National Geographic Society.. Included on this single page is a four-paragraph notice, AA Battle to Restore a Church=s Priceless Art,@ accompanied by a color photo by Jack Dykinga of Father Michael Dallmeier, O.F.M., examining a statue in the east transept of Mission San Xavier del Bac. The article is about an effort being proposed to clean and conserve the art of the mission.]

    1991i            Historic landmark recommendations. Federal Archeology Report, Vol. 4, no. 1 (March), p. 24. Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Archeological Assistance Division. [Notice is given here that San Cayetano de Calabazas in southern Arizona, once a mission visita for O'odham, has been recommended for National Historic Landmark designation.]

    1991j            Indians of the Pimería Alta. In 1992. Indians of Pimería Alta [calendar], pp. [1]-[2]. Nogales, Arizona, Pimería Alta Historical Society. [This is text for a 1992 calendar published by the Pimería Alta Historical Society. Printed in English, Spanish, and O'odham, it provides a summary of the history of cultures and of the various groups, including the Tohono O'odham, who have lived -- and continue to live -- in the Pimería Alta (northern Sonora/southern Arizona).]

    1991k           Information packet, October, 1991. Phoenix, Bureau of Reclamation, Arizona Projects Office. [This information packet relates to the Central Arizona Project, Tucson Aqueduct, Systems Reliability Investigation. Among the alternative sites for storage of Central Arizona Project water is one on the San Xavier District of the Tohono O'odham Nation. It is shown on the map as being just to the southwest of Black Mountain (it was not one of the sites selected).]

    1991l            The restoration of Mission San Xavier del Bac. Dove of the Desert, no. 7 (Spring), p. [2]. Tucson, San Xavier Mission Parish. [A five-paragraph notice (actually written by Bernard L. Fontana) tells about plans to bring conservators to the mission to work on its interior art; about plans to install fans that will help cool down the building; and about continued placement of exterior surface stucco, improvement of drainage, etc.]

    1991m          Significant dates in our mission history. Westfriars, Vol. 24, no. 6 (June), p. 20. Tucson, Franciscan Province of Saint Barbara. [Included among these dates, which span the period 1539-1992, important in the history of Franciscans in the southwestern United States are several relating to their activities among Papago Indians. These include, for example, the arrival of Father Francisco Garcés at Mission San Xavier del Bac in 1768; dedication of the church at Anegam on the Papago Indian Reservation in 1918; and the sale by Franciscans of San José church in South Tucson, which had ministered to the local O'odham, in 1952.]

    1991n           Spring festival sponsored by O'odham Arts Council. Tucson/Pima Arts Council Update, May-June, p. 7. Tucson, Tucson/Pima Arts Council. [Black-and-white photos accompany a brief account of the fourth annual Spring Arts festival conducted by Tohono O'odham at Sells, Arizona.]

    1991o           Tucson. Mission accomplished: San Xavier del Bac gets visitor center. Sunset, Vol. 187, no. 5 (November), pp. 13-14. Menlo Park, California, Sunset Publishing Corporation. [A color photo of the south elevation of the church of Mission San Xavier del Bac accompanies an announcement of the fact that a Avisitor center,@ actually a museum, has opened at the mission, one that displays historic photos as well as artifacts.]

    1991p           Watercolors by Mike Chiago. Desert Corner Journal, Autumn, pp. 3, 5. Tucson, Tohono Chul Park. [Notices are here about an exhibit of watercolors by Tohono O=odham artist Mike Chiago at Tohono Chul Park opening November 13 and which on November 29 was to feature a talk by Frank Crosswhite on the Saguaro Harvest Ritual of the O=odham.]

    1991q           1992 Pimería Alta calendar ready. PAHS Newsletter, October, pp. 1-2. Nogales, Arizona, Pimería Alta Historical Society. [An article about the Pimería Alta Historical Society's 1992 calendar talks about the addition of O'odham to Spanish and English in making the calendar trilingual, a suggestion of Tohono O'odham artist Leonard Chana.]

    1991-92a     Expansion arts assistant. Tucson/Pima Arts Council Update, December-January, p. 8. Tucson, Tucson/Pima Arts Council. [The newly-hired expansion arts assistant is Tohono O'odham Lois Ann Garcia. A black-and-white photo of her is included.]

    1991-92b     Fifth annual rural arts exhibition opens in Ajo. Tucson/Pima Arts Council Update, December-January, pp 1-2. Tucson, Tucson/Pima Arts Council. [Featured here is a copy of the poster made for the exhibition by Tohono O'odham artist Leonard Chana. There is also a black-and-white photo of Chana and a brief note concerning his style of art.]

    1991-92c      Tour of San Xavier Mission to follow APF Board meeting. Past Times, Vol. 3, no. 4 (December-January), p. 4. Phoenix, Arizona Preservation Foundation. [Notice is given of a tour to take place on February 1, 1992 for members of the Arizona Preservation Foundation of Mission San Xavier del Bac and to enjoy a luncheon catered by Tohono O'odham.]

    1992a           APF members to tour Clifton following April meeting. Past Times, Vol. 4, no. 1 (March/April), pp. 1, 2, 8. Phoenix, Arizona Preservation Foundation. [Mentioned here is a tour of Mission San Xavier del Bac conducted in February, 1992 by architect Robert Vint. A photo of Mission San Xavier is on the front cover of this newsletter.]

    1992b           The archaeology scene: news on what's happening in southern Arizona. Archaeology in Tucson, Vol. 6, no. 2 (April), pp. 6-7. Tucson, Center for Desert Archaeology. [A note here says that Desert Archaeology, Inc. conducted a survey in the Santa Rosa Valley on the Papago Indian Reservation for the Tohono O'odham Utility Authority. The survey located prehistoric and historic canals emanating from Anegam Wash. Some of the canals are as early as A.D. 1150.]

    1992c           1992 Governor's Awards an evening filled with poignancy and hope. Past Times, Vol. 4, no. 2 (June/July), pp. 1, 3. Phoenix, Arizona Preservation Foundation. [Among persons to receive awards for historic preservation was, posthumously, Eleazar Dias Herreras, who died just six days before the May 15, 1992 event. Herreras counted among his accomplishments preservation work on Mission San Xavier del Bac.]

    1992d           Guest presentation: from the desert to the sea. Glyphs, Vol. 42, no. 6 (January), pp. 1-2. Tucson, Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society. [A photo of a small cave along a major prehistoric trail in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument accompanies this summary of a talk scheduled to be given by archaeologist Adrianne Rankin to the Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society at its January, 1992 meeting. It is noted that, "Historically the Hia C-ed O'odham (Sand Papago) and Tohono O'odham, along with Mexican miners and ranchers, settled the region.]

    1992e           News and notes. Seedhead News, no. 39 (Winter Solstice), p. 14. Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. [Several organizations are thanked for grants to Native Seeds/SEARCH which "will allow us to test and evaluate our diabetes prevention curriculum in schools on the Tohono O'odham reservation."]

    1992f            Notes. Seedhead News, no. 37 (Summer), p. 10. Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. [It's noted that Odelia Lopez, a Tohono O'odham from the Ak Chin area, has been hired as an intern to assist in the seed bank of Native Seeds/SEARCH.]

    1992g           NS/S staff changes. Seedhead News, no. 39 (Winter Solstice), p. 13. Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. [A note is included here that Angelo Joaquin, Jr., a member of the NS/S Board of Directors, has joined the staff as Native American Outreach Coordinator. He is a "member of the Tohono O'odham Nation," and "has worked for the tribe's Water Resources Dept. and Housing Commission and also managed community projects for Save the Children. To lovers of good music, Angelo is best known as director of the annual Waila Festival . . . ."]

    1992h           Southern Arizona archaeology. Current events on the archaeology scene. Archaeology in Tucson, Vol. 6, no. 3 (July), pp. 5-7. Tucson, Center for Desert Archaeology. [Briefly noted here is an archaeological survey along the 48-mile southern boundary of the main Tohono O'odham Reservation between the Baboquivari and La Lesna mountains where 42 sites of the Archaic, Formative, and Historic periods were identified. The survey was to mitigate effects of a road put along the boundary by the Army Corps of Engineers and Border Patrol's joint "War on Drugs" effort.]

    1992i            Southern Arizona archaeology. Archaeology in Tucson, Vol. 6, no. 4 (October), pp. 6-7. Tucson, Center for Desert Archaeology. [Briefly noted are the repatriation to the Tohono O'odham for reburial a prehistoric inhumation and cremation excavated at ASARCO's Silver Bell Unit of the Silver Bell Mining District in southern Arizona; results of an archaeological site survey on the Papago Reservation south of Pisinemo; and consultation with the Tohono O'odham concerning an archaeological site to be excavated at the intersection of West Irvington and South Mission roads just outside the Tucson city limits.]

    1992j            Southern Arizona archaeology. Archaeology in Tucson, Vol. 7, no. 2 (April), pp. 5-8. Tucson, Center for Desert Archaeology. [Note is made of the archaeological recovery of Piman pottery at Tubac, Arizona, and of archaeological survey and testing carried out on the Tohono O'odham Reservation and Gila Bend Reservation.]

    1992k           Tohono O'odham Arts Council sponsors children's puppet show. Tucson/Pima Arts Council Update, February-March, p. 8. Tucson, Tucson/Pima Arts Council. [This tells about puppeteer Gwen Ray and her production of a show to illustrate the stories and folktales of the Tohono O'odham. Plans are to make the show available to audiences at Sells, Santa Rosa, Pisinemo, and San Xavier on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    1993a           Career Day '93 welcomes 72 alumni. Salpointe Today, Vol. 7, no. 3 (May), p. 3. Tucson, Salpointe Catholic High School Development Office. [Included here is a photograph of Tom Arnold, class of 1971, "manager of finance and accounting with the Tohono O'odham Gaming Authority," who spoke at the reunion on his accounting career.]

    1993b           Juanita Ahil, 1913-1994. Seedhead News, no. 43 (Winter), p. 10. Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. [This is an obituary of Tohono O'odham elder, basketmaker, and saguaro fruit-harvester Juanita Ahil. It tells about the memorial service that was held for her at Saguaro National Monument on January 27, 1994.]

    1993c           Murals. Tucson, Tucson/Pima Arts Council. Map. illus. 20 pp. [Included in this booklet which serves as a guide to Tucson's murals is a black-and-white illustration and mention of the fresco of Madonna and Child on the upper half of the south wall of the west transept at Mission San Xavier del Bac.]

    1993d           Native American languages. Anthropology News, Fall, p. [3]. Tucson, Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona. [This biographical sketch is about linguist Jane Hill and, among other things, the research being conducted by her and Ofelia Zepeda concerning various dialects of Tohono O'odham.]

    1993e           Native American program undergoes changes and supervisors. Your Sunnyside Story, Vol. 26, no. 3 (November/December), p. 3. Tucson, Sunnyside Unified School District No. 12. [This discussion of Native American programs in the Sunnyside School District notes that one advisor in the program is taking a course in Tohono O'odham language. An organizational chart of the program indicates that Carol Noriega and Darlene Felix serve as Tohono O'odham advisors.]

    1993f            Prehistory & history of the Tohono O'odham focus of AAHS September meeting and field trip. Glyphs, Vol. 44, no. 3 (September), pp. 3-4. Tucson, Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society. [A notice that archaeologists Allen Dart and Marc Severson will be presenting a color slide-illustrated talk on the subject based on excavations on the main reservation and in the Avra Valley. The latter suggested O'odham use in the period A.D. 1520-1570.]

    1993g           Put your dancin' shoes on! The waila festival rolls into town April 17. Seedhead News, no. 40 (Spring), p. 6. Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. [This is a notice about the forthcoming 5th annual waila festival at which Tohono O'odham performers play their dance music for all comers at the Arizona Historical Society's headquarters in Tucson.]

    1994a           The American Indian Language Development Institute. Foundation Report, Vol. 27, no. 1 (Spring), p. 7. Tucson, The University of Arizona Foundation. [This four-paragraph notice concerning annual workshops to train people in literacy in Native American languages mentions that Dr. Ofelia Zepeda (a Tohono O'odham), associate professor of linguistics, is a co-director.]

    1994b           April 16: 6th Annual Waila. Glyphs, Vol. 44, no. 10 (April), p. 9. Tucson, Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society. [A notice about the annual waila festival held at the Arizona Historical Society. Waila, it is pointed out, is also known as "chicken scratch" or as "Papago polka" music.]

    1994c           Around Arizona: a calendar of events around the state. Phoenix Home & Garden, Vol. 14, no. 11 (September), p. 81. Phoenix, PHG Inc. [Listed as an event for September 12 is an exhibit at the Bank One Center in Phoenix of the works of Native American artists, including the basketry of Delfina Francisco, a Tohono O'odham weaver.]

    1994d           Baile at the Waila festival to Tohono O'odham dance music, Saturday, April 16. Seedhead News, no. 44 (Spring), p. 4. Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. [This is an invitation to readers to attend the Sixth Annual Waila Festival on April 16 to be held at the Arizona Historical Society in Tucson.]

    1994e           Changing of the guard. Seedhead News, no. 47 (Winter Solstice), p. 3. Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. A note to the effect that Mahina Drees is relinquishing her post as director of Native Seeds/SEARCH and that the new director is Tohono O'odham Angelo Joaquin, Jr.]

    1994f            The cholla bud harvest: a desert gift. Seedhead News, no. 44 (Spring), p. 6. Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. [This is an illustrated essay on methods used by the Tohono O'odham for the harvesting, preparation, and eating of the buds of staghorn, buckhorn, and pencil chollas.]

    1994g           Communiqué. Sky Magazine, Vol. 23, no. 10 (October), pp.14-16, 18, 20. Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, Halsey Publishing Company for Delta Airlines. [Included here (p. 15) is a note concerning the Patronato San Xavier's preservation program for Mission San Xavier del Bac, one accompanied by a color photo of the south elevation of the church's façade and bell towers.]

    1994h           The desert blooms for Walt's 50th anniversary. Westfriars, Vol. 28, no. 8 (November), p. 1. San Juan Bautista, California, Franciscan Province of St. Barbara. [A black-and-white photo of Father Walter Holly, O.F.M., accompanies this one-paragraph article about a Franciscan priest whose 50 years of service as a Franciscan included many years spent working with Tohono O'odham.]

    [1994]i         FHP Health Care funds mission roof. Patronato Mission San Xavier del Bac, 1 [unnumbered] page. Tucson, Patronato San Xavier. [A note to the effect that FHP Health Care, an international managed care corporation, has funded work on the roof of the church of San Xavier del Bac in the amount of some $17,000.]

    1994j            Juanita Ahil. Seedhead News, no. 45 (Summer), p. 11. Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. [A note to the effect that a move remains afoot, one resisted by the National Park Service, to name the new visitor center scheduled to open in 1994 at Saguaro National Monument's west unit for the late Tohono O'odham basketmaker and saguaro fruit-harvester Juanita Ahil.]

    1994k           Laura and Helene [sic] Kerman [sic] of Topawa gather cholla buds in 1959. Helene [sic] is using a pair of split saguaro ribs to pluck the buds. In her many years as an O'odham educator, Laura taught children of all cultures about desert gardening and gathering traditions. Seedhead News, no. 44 (Spring), p. 12. Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. [This is the lengthy caption for a black-and-white photograph, the original of which is no. 65083 in the Arizona Historical Society.]

    1994l            Paths of life. Arizona Alumnus, Vol. 71, no. 2 (Spring), pp. front cover, 8-10. Tucson, Arizona Alumni Association, University of Arizona. [This is an illustrated article about an exhibit in the Arizona State Museum installed to interpret Southwestern Indian cultures for the general public. Themes for interpretation were selected by representatives of the Native American groups involved. Among these are the Tohono O'odham. Their part of the exhibit involves the Tohono O'odham's relationship to water as exemplified through their Nawait ceremony intended to bring the summer rains.]

    1994m          Preservation. Sky Magazine, October, p.15. Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, Halsey Publishing Company. [This Delta Air Lines in-flight magazine includes a color photo of Mission San Xavier del Bac by photographer Coni Kaufman and a note about conservation efforts underway at the church B with a note on where to send donations to the Patronato San Xavier for support of the work.]

    [1994]n        Rain. Phoenix, The Heard Museum. Illus. 8 pp. [This booklet accompanied an exhibit at the Heard Museum in Phoenix. It includes a brief section on the Tohono O=odham as well as a photograph of an O=odham saguaro syrup jar and a mural of Tohono O=odham dancers painted by Tohono O=odham artist Mike Chiago.]

    [1994]o        Update: San Xavier restoration. Patronato Mission San Xavier del Bac, 1 [unnumbered] page. Tucson, Patronato San Xavier. [This four-paragraph note tells its readers that conservation of the west transept of the church of Mission San Xavier was completed in April, 1993; that the area beneath the dome and at the crossing will constitute the next phase or work to be followed by efforts in the apse of the church; and that special events would be held as fund raisers.]

    1994p           A view of ruins at Cocospera Mission, 1910-1920. Newsletter, April, p. 1. Nogales, Arizona, Pimería Alta Historical Society. [This is a black-and-white photo of the ruins of the Pimería Alta mission of Cocóspera showing the area of the choir loft and sotocoro from the nave. The caption says the church Awas reconstructed totally by the Franciscan Priest, Juan de Santiestevan during the decade of 1790-1800. In 1935 the choir (loft) was completely destroyed.@]

    1994q           Waila! It's History!, (April-June), pp. 2, 6. Tucson, Arizona Historical Society. [This is a notice concerning the 6th annual Waila Festival to be held at the Arizona Historical Society of April 16, 1994. Waila (from the Spanish baile) consists of polkas, schottishes, and cumbias produced by Tohono O'odham musicians.]

    1994r           What song does the corn sing? Seedhead News, no. 46 (Autumn), p. 12. Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. [Shown here is a black-and-white photograph with a further explanation, "A Tohono O'odham woman sits with a basket that holds ears of white corn. The undated, possibly 19th century, photograph, is from the collection of the Arizona Historical Society."]

    1995a           Back in time. Perspective, Spring, pp. 1-2. s.l., Bank One Arizona. [This article, illustrated with a map and a color photo of the south elevation of the church of Mission San Xavier del Bac, tells briefly about the southern Arizona missions of San Xavier del Bac, Tumacacori, Calabazas, and Guevavi.]

    1995b           Casino gambling. Harrah's and the Ak-Chin community, comprising Papago and Pima Indians, opened a 30,000-square-foot casino about 25 miles south of Phoenix. Travel Weekly, Vol. 54, no. 1 (January 5), p. 39. New York, Ziff-Davis Publishing Company.

    1995c           Connected to the community: San Xavier gets a facelift. HSMC Quarterly, Vol. 4 (Summer), pp. 7-8. Tucson, Hughes Missile Systems Company. [Two contemporary color photos, one of the southwest elevation of the mortuary chapel and church of Mission San Xavier del Bac and one of the west elevation of the east transept, accompany this article briefly outlining the history of the church and discussing the various repair and conservation projects at the mission.]

    1995d           Elvira Elementary and Sunnyside High School celebrate "Native American Awareness" week. Your Sunnyside Story, Vol. 30, no. 3 (November/December), p. 3. Tucson, Sunnyside Unified School District No. 12. [This one-paragraph account is accompanied by three black-and-white photos, two of which are of Tohono O'odham basket weavers (Laura Williams and Phyllis Jones).]

    1995e           Festivals & fiestas: 13th annual Wa:k Powwow. Tucson Guide Quarterly, Vol. 13, no. 1 (Spring), p. 26. Tucson, Madden Publishing, Inc. [A notice concerning the all Indian powwow to be held next to Mission San Xavier on March 11-12, 1995.]

    1995f            Festivals & fiestas: waila festival. Tucson Guide Quarterly, Vol. 13, no. 1 (Spring), pp. 36-37. Tucson, Madden Publishing, Inc. [A notice concerning the Tohono O'odham waila (i.e., baile) festival to be held at the Arizona Historical Society's Tucson headquarters on April 22, 1995.]

    1995g           Foundation completes $115,000 commitment to Native American missions. Catholic Foundation Newsletter, Fall-Winter, p. 4. Tucson, Catholic Foundation for the Diocese of Tucson. [Notice is given that the Catholic Foundation for the Diocese of Tucson presented Bishop Manual Moreno with $115,000 for use on the Yaqui, San Carlos, and Tohono O'odham reservations.]

    1995h           The Native American cowboy. People, Places and Society, Fall, pp. 11-12. Tucson, Office of the Dean, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Arizona. [This is about University of Arizona undergraduate history student Naomi Mudge and her hope of doing research for an Honor's thesis, "The History of Ranching among the Tohono O'odham."]

    1995i            Ready -- get set -- waila! It's History!, April-June, pp. 1, 3. Tucson, Arizona Historical Society, Southern Arizona Chapter. [An article about the Tohono O'odham waila festival scheduled to be held at the Arizona Historical Society on April 22, 1995.]

    1995j            San Xavier gets a facelift. HMSC Quarterly, Vol. 4, (Summer), pp. 7-8. Tucson, Hughes Missile Systems Company. [Accompanied by color photos of the east transept of the church and of the southwest elevation of the church exterior, this article is about the history of efforts to preserve Mission San Xavier del Bac. Emphasis is on the campaign begun in 1992 and expected to end in 1997.]

    1995k           Spring trip to Tohono O=odham Nation, April 23. PAHS Newsletter, Vol. 4, April, p. 2. Nogales, Arizona, Pimeria Alta Historical Society. Notice is given of a trip planned to visit Big Fields (Ge Oidak) on Tohono O=odham Nation lands. It is accompanied by a black-and-whte photo of the façade of St. Aloysius church in the vilage.]

    [1996]a        Enterprise Car Rental. Patronato Mission San Xavier del Bac, 1 [unnumbered] page. Tucson, Patronato San Xavier. [Enterprise Car Rental is thanked for its support of the conservation project at Mission San Xavier del Bac, their having given bargain rates on leases of cars to conservators. An accompanying photo shows Tohono O'odham conservator Timothy Lewis, one of the angels of the crossing, and executives Larry Underwood and Dave Hummel.]

    1996b           Lorraine Marquez Eiler wins Ben Avery Award. Arizona Pride, Vol. 1, issue 2 (Winter), p. 1. Phoenix, Arizona Clean and Beautiful. This 5-paragraph article tells why Lorraine Eiler, a Hia Ced O'odham (Sand Papago) won the Ben Avery Award for contributions to the protection, preservation and conservation of Arizona's environment. She is characterized as "a staunch advocate of restoration and protection of ancestral land, culture, environment, and human rights."]

    [1996]c        The Morales family. Patronato Mission San Xavier del Bac, 1 [unnumbered] page. Tucson, Patronato San Xavier. [The Morales family has worked on the structure of Mission San Xavier del Bac for four generations. Shown here in a photo standing in front of the church are Apolino Morales, Sr.; Apolino "Sonny" Morales, Jr.; Danny Morales; and Danny's two sons, DJ and Vincent (ages 10 and 8).]

    1996d           Mr. Ned Norris, Jr. Your Sunnyside Story, Vol. 31, no. 1 (September/October), p. 3. Tucson, Sunnyside Unified School District No. 12. [A photo of Norris, a Tohono O=odham, accompanies a brief biographical sketch of him as one of five candidates running for the Sunnyside Unified School District board. It notes his residence at San Xavier and lists his many memberships and accomplishments.]

    1996e           San Xavier del Bac field trip on Sept. 21. Glyphs, Vol. 47, no. 3 (September), p. 11. Tucson, Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society. [Notice of a forthcoming field trip for members of the AAHS to Mission San Xavier del Bac conducted by Bernard Fontana. To be emphasized are the ruins of the 1756 church of Father Alonso Espinosa, S.J.]

    1996f            San Xavier restoration. Friends of Western Art, Vol. 9, no. 2 (Summer/Fall), p. [5]. Tucson, Friends of Western Art. [A one-paragraph note about a tour of Mission San Xavier del Bac given to the Friends of Western Art by Bernard L. Fontana is accompanied by a black-and-white photo showing Fontana lecturing to the group as he stands at the crossing of the church.]

    [1996]g        Silver & Turquoise Board. Patronato Mission San Xavier del Bac, 1 [unnumbered] page. Tucson, Patronato San Xavier. [Shown here in a photo of them standing in front of the main door of the church of Mission San Xavier are Silver & Turquoise Board of Hostesses Norma Sloan and Patty Doerr. The Silver & Turquoise Ball of 1996 became the largest single monetary gift thus far received by the Patronato San Xavier for conservation of the church.]

    [1996]h        Tohono O'odham apprentice conservators. Patronato Mission San Xavier del Bac, 1 [unnumbered] page. Tucson, Patronato San Xavier. [On May 18, 1996, the four Tohono conservators working at Mission San Xavier del Bac -- Donny Preston, Gabriel Wilson, Timothy Lewis, and Mark Lopez -- received a special recognition award at the 15th Annual Governor's Awards for Historic Preservation. They are shown in a photo after having received the awards.]

    1996i            Tucson entries dominate Governor's Awards. Past Times, Vol. 18, no. 3 (Summer), pp. 1, 5. Phoenix, Arizona Preservation Foundation. [Tohono O'odham apprentice conservators Tim Lewis, Mark Lopez, Gabriel Wilson, and Donny Preston received a Governor's Special Merit Award at May 15, 1996 ceremonies for their work on the conservation of Mission San Xavier del Bac. A photo of the four of them, with the northeast elevation of the church as a backdrop, is on page 1 of this newsletter, and the article features them.]

    1996j            "Waila-way" the evening April 20. It's History!, April-June, p. 1. Tucson, Arizona Historical Society, Southern Arizona Division. [A black-and-white photo showing couples dancing at the Arizona Historical Society's Tucson headquarters accompanies an article about the 8th annual Waila Festival to be held on April 20, 1996. Waila is the social dance music of the Tohono O'odham. The event also features demonstrations and sales by potters, basket-makers, dressmakers, and painters as well as native foods.]

    1997a           Mission San Xavier: images of the past. SMRC-Newsletter, Vol. 31, no. 112 (September), front cover, pp. 9-16. Tucson, Southwestern Mission Research Center, Inc. [This is a portfolio of ten black-and-white photographs of Mission San Xavier del Bac taken in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Included is a photo of seven O'odham boys and two secular priests standing outside next to the main entrance to the church.]

    1997b           Ninth annual waila festival set for April 19. It's History!, April-June, p. 1. Tucson, Arizona Historical Society Southern Arizona Division. [A pair of black-and-white photos accompany this article about the annual Tohono O'odham waila (polka music and dancing) festival held in front of and inside of the Arizona Historical Society Museum in Tucson.]

    1997c           O'odham saguaro harvest. Thursday, June 19, 7:00 a.m. - noon. sonorensis, Vol. 17, no. 1 (Spring), p. 20. Tucson, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. [Announcement of a workshop conducted by O'odham Stella Tucker in the harvesting of saguaro fruit on the Desert Museum's grounds, a harvest to be followed by a lunch of traditional foods prepared by Tucker.]

    1997d           Report on the present status in our region of the former lands and possessions of the exiled Jesuits. In A frontier documentary. Sonora and Tucson, 1821-1848, edited by Kieran R. McCarty, pp. 89-92. Tucson, The University of Arizona Press. [This report, written in Tucson on May 11, 1843, was made by someone in the Tucson office of the justice of the peace. It provides detailed descriptions of the properties at Mission San Xavier del Bac and at the ATucson mission,@ the former visita of Mission San Xavier. It is also mentioned that about forty families, now residing at San Xavier, comprise the population of Athe remote Santa Ana mission station.@ The reporter hopes that the Quereteran missionary college could send a missionary to re-settle the Santa Ana O=odham at Tucson, Awhere there is plenty of land, and water too! ... Mission buildings (in Tucson) must be repaired and the people instructed in the Christian faith, as was always done in the years before1828. Actually, since then we have witnessed the reverse. For lack of religious attention, many Indians have abandoned religious practice, left the missions, and returned to the open desert.@]

    1997e           Tohono O'odham elected President of the North American Folk Music and Dance Alliance. Seedhead News, nos. 55-56 (Winter-Spring), p. 10. Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. [About Tohono O'odham Angelo Joaquin, Jr., who, in addition to being the executive director of Native Seeds/SEARCH was made President of the Washington, D.C.-based Folk Alliance at its 9th annual conference held in Toronto, Canada. A black-and-white photo of Joaquin accompanies the article.]

    1998a           More of Green Valley's Torres Blancas Village Hohokam site will be preserved and more will be excavated this summer. Old Pueblo Archaeology, no. 13 (June), pp. 1-2. Tucson, Old Pueblo Archaeology Center. [This article about a Classic Period Hohokam prehistoric site (ca. A.D. 115-1450) being excavated in Green Valley, Arizona, says, "The human remains and several directly associated pottery vessels and other grave objects uncovered in the 1998 tests were excavated and repatriated to the Tohono O'odham Nation shortly after their discovery in accordance with state law."]

    1998b           News & notes. The Seedhead News, no. 63 (Winter), p. 10. Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. [Included here is a note that the "Plants of the Tohono O'odham Path" was dedicated November 8, 1998 at the Tucson Botanical Gardens. "In addition to labelled wild plants, the site hosts a replica of a traditional saguaro harvest camp."]

    1998c           San Xavier arroyos project. Report to the Community, Fall, p. 2. Tucson, City of Tucson, Office of the City Manager, Multiple Benefit Water Projects. [AFrom July to September, 1997, 269 acre feet of water was released to several arroyos on the San Xavier District of the Tohono O=odham Nation. The purpose of the project was to evaluate the effect of the releases on vegetation and wildlife habitat. The City of Tucson and the San Xavier District are evaluating an additional project focusing on long-term storage with benefits to vegetation and habitat.@]

    1998d           Spotlight: Teodoro Ramírez. Newsletter, May, pp. 3-4. Tucson, Los Descendientes del Presidio de Tucson. [This biographical sketch of Teodoro Ramírez, who was born in Tucson in 1791 and who died there in 1871, makes note of his fluency in the O'odham language. And the anonymous author believes that the Piman "Culo" Azul was actually "Keli" ("Old Man") Azul.] BLF

    1998e           Tohono O'odham integrating unique culture into Mass. Westfriars, Vol. 32, no. 5 (June), p. 8. San Juan Bautista,California, Franciscan Province of Saint Barbara. [Adapted from an article that appeared in the June, 1998 issue of Catholic Vision, the newspaper of the Diocese of Tucson, this is about three Jesuits who spent a weekend on the Tohono O'odham reservation to lead a discussion among some twenty Tohono O'odham on the subject of "inculturation," which is "a Church term that means the Church brings the Gospel of Jesus to a people and the people are asked to share their unique cultural gifts with the Church." Part of the discussion revolved around celebration of the Mass in O'odham rather than in English.]

    1998f            Two-day festival planned for 10th annual waila. It's History!, April-June, p. 1. Tucson, Arizona Historical Society, Southern Arizona Division. [Four black-and-white photos accompany this 6-paragraph account of the Tohono O'odham waila festival scheduled to be held in Tucson at the Arizona Historical Society April 17-18, 1998. The festival was to feature nine waila bands as well as outdoor booths "selling a variety of Tohono O'odham foods, and O'odham artisans selling their wares."]

    1998g           Upcoming. Sing down the rain. Desert Corner Journal, Vol. 14, issue 6 (May-June), p. 5. Tucson, Tohono Chul Park. [This is a notice of an exhibit scheduled for April 29-June 14 at Tohono Chul Park of original art work by Tohono O'odham artist Michael Chiago and verses from Judi Moreillon's book, Singing down the rain, a volume about the Tohono O'odham rain ceremony. One of Chiago's paintings is shown here in black-and-white.]

    1998h           Upcoming archaeological site tours & flintknapping workshops. Old Pueblo Archaeology, no. 4 (September), p. 11. Tucson, Old Pueblo Archaeology Center. [Announcement is made here of plans to visit Picture Rock and Baboquivari Park on the Papago Indian Reservation on November 28, 1998. "Picture Rock, a small butte in the foothills east of Baboquivari Park, contains both petroglyphs and pictographs along with bedrock mortars and occasional artifacts. Tour participants may also get to observe modern Tohono O'odham devotional offerings at the butte. If so, they should not be touched or photographed." The park is said here to offer a "spectacular view of the Baboquivari Valley -- homeland of the Tohono O'odham deity I'itoi."]

    1998i            Woven pottery: the tradition of Tohono O'odham baskets. Desert Corner Journal, Vol. 14, issue 5 (March/April), p. 4. Tucson, Tohono Chul Park. [This is a notice of a program to be presented at the park on April 11, 1998, by Tohono O'odham basket authority Terry DeWald. Included is a black-and-white photo showing two baskets.]

    1999a           April 3 tour to Picture Rock, Topawa & Baboquivari parks. Old Pueblo Archaeology, no. 16, p. 7. Tucson, Old Pueblo Archaeology Center. [About a planned field trip to visit a picture rock site on the west side of the Baboquivari Mountains in the Baboquivari District of the Tohono O=odham Nation.]

    1999b           Arizona State Museum quilt named one of America's top 100 quilts of the century. Footprints, Vol. 11, nos. 6/7 (June/July), p. 6. Tucson, Southern Arizona Guides Association. [A quilt made by Goldie Tracy Richmond, who was a trader at San Simon on the Papago Indian Reservation, one which depicts scenes of traditional Papago life, was selected by experts representing four major quilt organizations -- Alliance for American Quilts, American Quilt Study Group, International Quilt Association and National Quilting Association -- as among the top 100 quilts of this century. It was selected from among 1700 entries.]

    1999c           ASM quilt among top 100! Footprint, Summer, p. 1. Tucson, Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona. [A black-and-white photo illustrates one panel of a prize-winning quilt made by Goldie Richmond, one-time owner of Tracy's Trading Post at Pisinemo on the Papago Indian Reservation. The panel shows two O'odham men playing a game of kins kut. Mention is made that Carolyn Davis is writing a biography of Richmond.]

    1999d           A brief summary of the disasters, deaths, robberies, and pillage which have befallen the province of Sonora because of the hostility of the Apaches, Seris, and Pima rebels, especially those that occurred between 1755 and the present year of 1760. In Empire of sand. The Seri Indians and the struggle for Spanish Sonora, 1645-1803. Compiled and edited by Thomas E. Sheridan, pp. 237-273. Tucson, The University of Arizona Press. [This detailed summary of violent encounters between Indians and Spaniards in Sonora between 1755 and 1760 includes accounts for such encounters in such Pimería Alta locations as San Xavier del Bac, Guevavi, Tumacácori, Tubac, Arivaca, Sonoita, Buenavista, San Luis, Santa Bárbara, Soamca, Cocóspera, Terrenate, Arizonac, Saric, Aquimuri, Agua Caliente, Búsanic, Tubutama, Santa Teresa, Atil, Oquitoa, Caborca, Altar, Pitiquito, Santa Ana, Soledad, San Lorenzo, Magdalena, Imuris, Remedios, and Dolores.]

    [1999]e        Christmas concert at San Xavier. Patronato Mission San Xavier del Bac, 2 [unnumbered] pages. Tucson, Patronato San Xavier. [Three photographs accompany an article telling about the 1999 Christmas concert held by the Patronato as a fund raiser at Mission San Xavier del Bac, while photos of individuals involved with the concert and fundraising -- singer Vanessa Salaz, musical director Grayson Hirst, musical director Julian Ackerly, Judy and Jim Pyers, and Clague Van Slyke -- as well as brief accounts of their activities in this regard, are also included.]

    [1999]f         Gabriel Wilson, chief art conservator for Mission San Xavier. Patronato Mission San Xavier del Bac, 1 [unnumbered] page. Tucson, Patronato San Xavier. [A photo of Wilson accompanies this brief article about his assignment as the resident Tohono O'odham responsible for upkeep of interior conservation of the church of Mission San Xavier del Bac.]

    1999g           It=s a dream come true .... Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. Illus. 4 pp. [A brochure telling about the Native Seeds/SEARCH=s newly-purchased (December 1997) 60-acre farm near Patagonia, Arizona, notes that the farm Aprovides the opportunity to grow more crops and in large enough quantities to return the favored squash seeds of Tohono O=odham elders to a new generation of O=odham farmers ... .@]

    [1999]h        Native Sonoran basketry plants. Tucson, Arizona-Sonoran Desert Museum. Illus. 6 pp. [This is a sheet of paper printed on both sides and folded into six pages. It provides illustrated details of plants -- Banana Yucca, Soaptree Yucca, Beargrass, Devil's Claw, Cattail,, and Willow -- used by Tohono O'odham in making their baskets. One page is devoted to the subject of the basket weavers themselves.]

    1999i            Old Pueblo Archaeology Center events. An alternative Easter activity: Tohono O'odham rock art & cultural sites tour. Glyphs, Vol. 49, no. 10 (April), p. 12. Tucson, Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society. [This is a four-paragraph announcement of the field trip outlined in Anonymous 1999a.]

    1999j            Pieces of the past. Foundation Report, Vol. 31, no. 1 (Winter), pp. 16-18. Tucson, The University of Arizona Foundation. [This article about the Arizona State Museum on the University of Arizona campus mentions that in the collections, "O'odham basketry is particularly well represented."]

    1999k           Relación of the expedition of the provinces of Sinaloa, Ostimuri, and Sonora in the Kingdom of Nueva España. In Empire of sand. The Seri Indians and the struggle for Spanish Sonora, 1645-1803. Compiled and edited by Thomas E. Sheridan, pp. 275-402. Tucson, The University of Arizona Press. [This is a lengthy account, possibly authored by Colonel Domingo Elizondo, of efforts by the Spanish military to crush Indian resistance in Sonora and neighboring areas in the years between 1767 and 1771. Among the Indians involved in that resistance were Northern Pimans (Piatos), including leaders named Vipici, Cueras, and Guifuriguchi. Recounted here is a March, 1770 expedition by Bernardo de Urrea and Juan Bautista de Anza into the Papaguería to forestall a revolt, with specific villages and leaders being named (p. 327). Efforts of Piatos to enlist support of Papagos is discussed on page 333. The settlements at Oquitoa and Pitiquito are also specifically mentioned on page 339, where there is also mention of the possibility of Piatos persuading Papagos to join the resistance. At one time, there were forty-eight Piato archers holed up in the Cerro Prieto of Sonora (p. 330).]

    1999l            San Xavier del Bac. Westfriars, Vol. 33, no. 2 (March), p. 3. Santa Barbara, California, Franciscan Province of Saint Barbara. ["Some say Father Kino brought it to Bac. It has stood behind the church and in the friary >garden= seemingly forever. It's (sic) tires flat. Yes, the San Xavier Cement Mixer has been removed from its birthright by (Brother) Mike Bearce who plans a cactus and desert garden for the friary."]

    1999m          Saving Tucson's birthplace. SMRC-Newsletter, Vol. 33, no. 119 (July), pp. 1-11. Tucson, Southwestern Mission Research Center, Inc. [A three-page essay accompanies nine black-and-white photos of the ruins of the mission visita of San Agustín del Tucson. The essay outlines the history of Piman (O'odham) settlement at this site beneath A-Mountain and alludes to the involvement of Fathers Francisco Garcés and Juan Bautista Llorens -- both missionaries at San Xavier del Bac -- in construction of some of the buildings at the visita. Also mentioned is Father Rafael (Díaz), characterized by the author as "the last and least admired of the missionaries to be stationed at San Agustín and San Xavier."]

    1999n           Sunnyside's Native American education program. Your Sunnyside Story, Vol. 33, no. 3 (March), p. [3]. Tucson, Sunnyside Unified School District. [Printed here in English, Spanish, and O'odham, this article describes Sunnyside District's Native American education program, one serving 671 Native American students, some two-thirds of whom are Tohono O'odham from the San Xavier Reservation.]

    2000a           Desert walk interns. Seedhead News, no. 70, p. 10. Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. [A black-and-white photo of the brothers shows Native Seeds/SEARCH summer interns, Tohono O'odham Clark and Derek Redhorn who spent their time "cleaning and storing seed, building chile cages, helping with never-=ending weeding, harvesting and introducing staff to some great Tohono O'odham musicians."]

    2000b           Hassayampa Institute. Arizona Insight, May, p. 5. Phoenix, Arizona Humanities Council. [Notice is given here that the Hassayampa Institute for Writing, based in Prescott, Arizona, will be sponsoring a series of summer events in which various writers -- including Tohono O'odham Ofelia Zepeda -- will be reading from their works and leading discussions.]

    2000c           Images: Tucson at the millennium. Foreword by John P. Schaefer. [Tucson], s.n. Illus. v + 120 pp. [This is a catalogue of photographic images meant to exemplify Tucson and environs at the close of the second millennium. Among the 104 pictures are six of Mission San Xavier del Bac; one of Juanita Ahil, a Tohono O'odham gathering saguaro fruit in the west unit of Saguaro National Park; and one titled, "Je'e c añi/Mom and I," showing an O'odham woman and her son.]

    2000d           News briefs. Newsletter, Vol. 12, no. 4 (May/June), p. 4. Phoenix, Arizona Commission of Indian Affairs. [Among the news briefs listed here is one concerning a Native American radio program, "Native Airways," that broadcasts on Tucson's KXEW 1600 each Sunday morning. One of the hosts is former Miss Tohono O'odham Evonn Wilson. The other news item notes that construction continues on a Tohono O'odham nursing home, a skilled facility which will have 61 beds and 29 staff housing units. Scheduled to open in February, 2001, two Tohono O'odham students with Master=s degrees in public health from the University of Arizona are preparing to become its administrators.]

    2000e           Roadside crosses: crossroads of two worlds. Desert Corner Journal, Vol. 16, issue 2 (March/April), p. 9. Tucson, Tohono Chul Park. [With two illustrations, this is about an exhibit at Tohono Chul Park of 1998 black-and-white photos by Gordon Simmons of roadside memorial crosses along the 93-mile stretch between Three Points and Why, Arizona. Nearly all of this is on the Papago Indian Reservation.]

    2000f            Tohono O'odham winter tales with Danny Lopez. Glyphs, Vol. 51, no. 6 (December), pp. 5-6. Tucson, Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society. [A discussion of oral literature is followed by an announcement that Tohono O'odham Danny Lopez will tell O'odham stories, including one about the saguaro, and about the reason O'odham tale-telling takes place only in the winter. The presentation will be for the December meeting of the Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society. A brief list of Lopez's many accomplishments is included.]

    2000g           Waila festival. Arizona Highways, Vol. 76, no. 5 (May), p. 55. Phoenix, Arizona Department of Transportation. [This is a notice that the 12th Annual Waila Festival will be held in Tucson on May 20, 2000, and will feature four bands from the Tohono O'odham Nation and food vendors selling such items as cholla buds, saguaro fruit syrup and tepary beans.]

    2000h           Waila festival set for May 20 at Bear Down Field on UA campus. It's History!, April-June, p. 1. Tucson, Arizona Historical Society. [With ten black-and-white photos of past Waila festivals, this article tells about the upcoming 12th Annual Waila Festival, this one scheduled to be held on the campus of the University of Arizona. Noted is the fact that the "O'odham have developed a smooth and graceful walking polka style for the waila that contrasts with the fast-hopping European polka style."]

    2001a           The basketweavers are back! Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum News, Vol. 2, no. 2 (March-April), p. 8. Tucson, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. [A color photo of a Tohono O'odham basket accompanies an announcement that the Tohono O'odham Cultural Basketweavers Association "will again be on the Museum grounds ... every Saturday and Sunday between 11 a.m. and 4 p.m." demonstrating traditional basketweaving.]

    2001b           Board member profile: Phyllis Hogan. Seedhead News, no. 72 (Spring), p. 8. Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. [In this interview with Hogan, a board member of Native Seeds/SEARCH, she recalls meeting Gary Nabhan when he was doing field work on the Papago Indian Reservation and was selling tepary beans around the reservation.]

    2001c           New grant extends UA ophthalmology study of Tohono O'odham Reservation. Advances, Vol. 17, no. 1 (January), p. 3. Tucson, The University of Arizona Health Sciences Center, Office of Public Affairs. [This is a two-paragraph notice about a $1.7 million dollar grant received by the University of Arizona Department of Ophthalmology from the National Eye Institute to expand a study of vision problems on the Tohono O'odham Reservation -- largely among children.]

    2001d           Newly processed collections. It's History: New from the AHS Southern Division, July/September, p. 4. Tucson, Arizona Historical Society. [Among the newly processed collections added to the Arizona Historical Society archives are the Paul Smith collection of photographs, including aerial views of San Xavier del Bac, and the Mary Estill-Caldwell collection, which also includes photos of Mission San Xavier.]

    2001e           Picture it. Arizona Highways, Vol. 77, no. 1 (January), p. 4. Phoenix, Arizona Department of Transportation. [A color photo and 5-paragraph essay about Gates Pass in the Tucson Mountains contains this sentence: "These crimson evenings provide such extraordinary interludes that the desert-dwelling Tohono O'odham Indians see therm as special gifts from their creator, I'itoi."]

    2001f            Piecing together wild lands. Sonoran Desert: model for international partnerships. National Geographic, Vol. 199, no. 6 (June), pp. [xvi-xvii]. Washington, D.C., National Geographic Society. [Menton is made of the fact that the Tohono O'odham Nation is "developing comprehensive environmental plans."]

    2001g           Saguaro fruit harvest. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum News, Vol. 2, no. 1 (January-February), p. 7. Tucson, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. [A note about a saguaro fruit harvest and fruit preparation to be conducted June 16 or June 23rd by the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum "in the traditional O'odham manner" is accompanied by a color photo of a non-Indian harvesting the fruit.]

    2001h           So much for four seasons. Arizona Highways, Vol. 77, no. 11 (November), p. 3. Phoenix, Arizona Department of Transportation. [A list of the names in English of the Tohono O'odham calendar, November ("Pleasant Cold Moon") through October ("Small Rains Moon") is given, with the name for each of the twelve months reflecting the O'odham perception of what is important about that month of the year.]

    2001i            Tohono O'odham Nation tour. Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum News, Vol. 2, no. 1 (January-February), p. 5. Tucson, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. [About a tour of the main part of the Papago Reservation to be taken on March 10, one led by Tohono O'odham Danny Lopez. The tour is to feature a meal at Lopez's home; a visit to the Children's Shrine; and a visit to the Tohono O'odham Community Action Center to see baskets being woven.]

    2001j            Touring Tucson, AZ. Southwest Art, Vol. 31, no. 6 (November), pp. 52-53. Houston, Texas, Art Magazine Publications. [ASet in the Sonoran Desert, Tucson is a thriving modern city with all the trappings of 21st-century life, but vestiges of its colorful past remain. These include the nearby Tohono O=odham Indian reservation ... .@]

    2001j            Unity in diversity. Salpointe Today, Vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 1-2, 4. Tucson, Salpointe Catholic High School. [A photograph on the front cover (p. 1) is repeated on pages 2 and 4, one showing five Salpointe Catholic High School students, one of whom is Tohono O'odham Julia Estrada, class of 2002. A one-paragraph description of Estrada notes she, "enjoys learning about her heritage and cultural traditions from her grandmother (Sally Vásquez Estrada), such as the harvesting of the saguaro fruit during the warm summer months."]

    2001k           Veronica Augustine translated prayers into Tohono O=odham. The American Bahá=í, December 12. Evanston, Illinois, National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá=ís of the United States. [About the July 15, 2001 automobile accident death of Tohono O=odham Veronica Chiago Augustine, the daughter of Susie Flores and a woman who prepared translations of many Bahá=í prayers into O=odham. She had been elected to the Spiritual Assembly of Pima County, the first O=odham to serve on a Bahá=í institution.]

    2002a           Guided tour to Ventana Cave, Santa Rosa Children's Shrine, traditional meeting house, & other Tohono O'odham culture sites. Old Pueblo Archaeology, no. 28 (March), p. 11. Tucson, Old Pueblo Archaeology Center. [Advertised here is a tour to be conducted by Marc Severson on April 6, 2002 at a cost of $40 per reservation.]

    2002b           People feature: Gary Paul Nabhan. Arizona Insight, January, p. 3. Phoenix, Arizona Humanities Council. [A photograph of Nabhan accompanies this sketch of the research and writing accomplishments of Nabhan, an author who was published many books and articles relating to the Tohono O'odham. One such book, The Desert Smells Like Rain (1982), is mentioned here.]

    2002c           See our version of the Sistine Chapel. Mission San Xavier del Bac in Tucson. SkyWest, February, p. 41. Boise, Idaho, SkyWest Magazine.[This is an illustrated advertisement for Tucson and southern Arizona that appeared in Delta Airlines in-flight magazine. It contains the erroneous information that the conservators who worked at Mission San Xavier were those who worked on the Sistine Chapel.]

    2002d           Tohono O'odham native tour. Newsletter, Vol. 3, no. 1 (January/February), p. 11. Tucson, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. [This is a notice about a March 9, 2002 museum-sponsored tour of the eastern portion of the Tohono O'odham Nation, one of whose leaders is scheduled to be Tohono O'odham Danny Lopez.]

    2002e           TOUA ensures reliable utilities for Tohono O=odham Nation. Newsletter, April-June, pp. 3, 6. Phoenix, Arizona Commission of Indian Affairs. [This article about the Tohono O=odham Utility Authority outlines its history from its founding in 1970 as the Papago Tribal Utility Authority, a name that changed to its present one in 1991. Its many accomplishments include drilling and maintenance of water wells, building of water and sewer infrastructure, installing telephone lines and telephones, and building and maintaining a system for electric service.]

    2002f            Tour to Ventana Cave and other Tohono O=odham Reservation sites. Glyphs, Vol. 52, no. 10 (April), p. 10. Tucson, Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society. [This announcement by the Old Pueblo Archaeology Center is the same as that in Anonymous 2002b.]

    2002g           Tubac presents Pimeria Alta exhibit. Arizona Insight, September, p. 7. Phoenix, Arizona Humanities Council. [A black-and-white photo of nine girls who are members of the San Xavier Tohono O=odham Basket Dancers group accompanies a one-paragraph notice about an exhibit that was held in March and April, 2002 at the Tubac, Arizona Center of the Arts of the art and culture of the Hohokam, Tohono O=odham, Pascua Yaqui, Western Apache, Mexican, and European-Americans.]

    2002h           Woven pottery: the tradition of Tohono O=odham baskets. Desert Corner Journal, November/December, p. 8. Tucson, Tohono Chul Park. [A photo of a Tohono O=odham coiled basket accompanies an announcement of a talk to be given by Terry DeWald on the subject on November 12, 2002 at Tohono Chul Park in Tucson.]

    2003a           Borderland saints: images in Southwestern art in the exhibit hall, January 16 - March 23, 2003. Desert Corner Journal, January/February, p. 5. Tucson, Tohono Chul Park. [This notice about an exhibit of art work concerning saints says that, AAt the San Xavier Mission, visitors encounter a virtual encyclopedia of saints who are depicted in the sculptures and wall paintings that fill the church, and petitioners attach milagros, symbols of their prayers, to them blanket covering the reclining statue of Saint Francis in a side chapel.@]

    2003b           Cholla bud harvest. Newsletter, Vol. 4, no. 1 (January-March), p. 7. Tucson, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. [Notice is given of an opportunity for people to participate in a cholla bud harvest on April 12, 2003, with Danny Lopez, ATohono O=odham elder,@ providing Anatural history, cultural and dietary insights into this desert food of the past and the future.@]

    2003c           Explore Tohono Chul=s exciting autumn exhibits. Southwest Indian basketry: transforming plants into art. Desert Corner Journal, Autumn, p. 8. Tucson, Tohono Chul Park. [About an ongoing exhibit in this Tucson park that features baskets donated to the park by collectors Agnes T. And Don Leigh. Tohono O=odham baskets are among them.]

    2003d           Goldie Tracy Richmond -- miner, trapper and artist. Arizona Highways, Vol. 79, no. 10 (October), p. 4. Phoenix, Arizona Department of Transportation. [This is a biographical sketch of a woman born in 1896 as Goldie Myrtle Anderson and who in 1927 moved to a mining camp of the Papago Indian Reservation where she remained until 1966. Among her other enterprises, she was known for the prize-winning quilts she fashioned with panels on them depicting scenes of Papago life. She died in Mesa, Arizona in at the age of 76. The essay is accompanied by a color photo of one of her award-winning quilts.]

    2003e           AHe was a really good guy.@ SBS Developments: cornerstone for learning, winter, pp. 8-11. Tucson, College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Arizona. [Presented here are a series of tributes to the late Kenneth Hale, linguist extraordinaire and authority on the O=odham language, by friends and colleagues. Among these is Tohono O=odham linguist Ofelia Zepeda who is shown in a photo with Hale and Navajo linguist Ellavina Perkins.]

    2003f            The heritage tour -- petroglyphs and missions, February 14-16. Desert Corner Journal, January/February, p. 4. Tucson, Tohono Chul Park. [Notice is given of a proposed tour conducted by the tour group known as La Ruta de Sonora, with stops that include missions at Caborca, Tubac, Tumacácori, San Xavier del Bac, Pitiquito, Oquitoa, Tubutama, and Magdalena as well as the one-time Spanish presidial town of Tubac, Arizona.]

    2003g           On the road again, without swastikas. Arizona Highways, Vol. 79, no. 3 (March), p. 3. Phoenix, Arizona Department of Transportation. [The assertion is made here that members of the ANavajo, Apache, Hopi and Papago (now Tohono O=odham) tribes renounced its (the swastika=s) use in their blankets, baskets, art objects and clothing,@ the unconfirmed assumption here being that Tohono O=odham employed the swastika in their art work.]

    2003h           Man on a star. Arizona Highways, Vol. 79, no. 8 (August), p. 5. Phoenix, Arizona Department of Transportation. [A color photo of the basket maker, two of his baskets, and a backdrop of Granjon=s Gate at the rear of Mission San Xavier del Bac accompany this three-paragraph note about Tohono O=odham basket maker Raymoan Novelto who learned the art by watching his grandmother, mother and aunt make baskets when he was a boy. He incorporates symbols of men, stars and turtles into his baskets.]

    2003i            Native seeds live on. Arizona Highways, Vol. 79, no. 6 (June), p. 5. Phoenix, Arizona Department of Transportation. [This brief note about Native Seeds/SEARCH mentions that the organization was born in 1983 Awhen Indians of the Tohono O=odham Nation near Tucson wanted to grow traditional crops, but couldn=t locate the seeds.@ Now the group has collected more than 2,000 crop varieties and grows as many as 300 different crops, O=odham pink beans included.]

    2003j            November=s speaker: the art and history of San Xavier. Arizona Women Lawyers Association, January, p. 4. Tucson, AWLA. [Four color photos, including one of the exterior of Mission San Xavier del Bac and one of an interior panting of an angel holding a fish, accompany this two-paragraph note about a talk given by Bernard Fontana to the Arizona Women Lawyers Association at its November, 2002 meeting at the Arizona Inn in Tucson, Arizona.]

    2003k           O=odham desert heritage. Arizona Highways, Vol. 79, no. 3 (March), p. 54. Phoenix, Arizona Department of Transportation. [Notice is given here of the 13th annual O=odham Day Celebration to be held in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument on March 15, 2003. It=s mentioned that the Tohono O=odham grew corn, squash, and beans, and that they Aalso culled wild grass seeds, roasted cactus stems (sic) and harvested saguaro cactus fruit.@ The celebration is to consist of basket-making demonstrations, pottery, storytelling, and live entertainment.]

    2003l            San Juan=s Day. Seedhead News, no. 80a (Spring), p. 4. Tucson, Native Seeds/SEARCH. [Reported on here in a 2002 gathering of more than a hundred people at the Conservation Farm in Patagonia, Arizona, to celebrate San Juan=s Day, a day that Abegan with a blessing by Tohono O=odham elders Danny and Frances Lopez. Danny talked about the significance of the land to the crops and the people. Frances sang in the O=odham language as participants held hands and walked together in a circle.@ In fact, the people were most likely Danny Lopez and his mother-in-law, Frances Manuel, or his wide, Florence Lopez.]

    2003m          Steven Meckler. Tucson Lifestyle, Vol. 22, no. 8 (August), p. 41. Tucson, Conley Magazines, LLC. [This profile of Tucson photographer Steven Meckler features a color photo by Meckler of Father David Gaa, O.F.M., standing in the doorway between the sacristy and sanctuary of Mission San Xavier del Bac. ATucson has picked San Xavier as a special place,@ Meckler is quoted as saying, Aand this is my favorite image I have taken of it. ... Father David is inseparable from the location in this photo.@]

    2003n           Tohono O=odham Nation tour. Newsletter, Vol. 4, no. 1 (January-March), p. 7. Tucson, Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. [Readers are invited to Aexplore the eastern portion of the Tohono O=odham Nation and the ethnobotany and cultural arts of the desert people. Visit a traditional village, learn about the saguaro harvest ceremony and enjoy a traditional O=odham meal with the Lopez family in Ali Chukson. Mr. Danny Lopez, our leader, is a Tohono O=odham Cultural Resource Education and storyteller. As we return to Tucson, we=ll stop by a trading post where O=odham arts and crafts can be purchased.@ The date set for the tour is March 15, 2003.]

    2003o           With an eye on culture: a Helga Teiwes photo retrospective. Footprint, Summer, p. 1. Tucson, Arizona State Museum, The University of Arizona. [This notice of an exhibit of photographs by Helga Teiwes opening in the Arizona State Museum on October 7, 2003 features a photo of a group of O=odham walking up Grotto Hill during a procession in honor of the feast of Our Lady of the Assumption. The east elevation of the church of Mission San Xavier del Bac is in the background.]

    2004a           The cactus critics= choice. Arizona Highways, Vol. 80, no,. 2 (February), p. 4. Phoenix, Arizona Department of Transportation. [It is mentioned that the visitor center at Saguaro National Park=s west unit has a theater which Apresents the Sonoran Desert through the eyes, the legends and the voices of native people of the Tohono O=odham Nation.@]

    [2004]b        Crossing paths: a tour of Arizona=s Indian reservations. Phoenix, Skyword Marketing, Inc., in cooperation with the Arizona American Indian Tourism Association. Map, illus. 20 pp. [This is an a color-illustrated, magazine-style booklet with unnumbered pages. [Two paragraphs are devoted to the Adesert people,@ including the Yaqui and Tohono O=odham. Mission San Xavier is mentioned and there is a photo of the hands of Tohono O=odham horsehair weaver Geneva Ramon holding a miniature horsehair basket. The Tohono O=odham Nation is listed as having 28,000+ members.]

    2004c           Drink up, mesquite fans. Arizona Highways, Vol. 80, no. 7 (July), p. 4. Phoenix, Arizona Department of Transportation. [Without citing any source for the information, the anonymous author asserts that Athe Pima and Tohono O=odham created a nutritious beverage from the ripe, yellow beans of the mesquite each July. They would rinse and boil the beans and then pound them into a pulpy mash. The drained resulting juice made a refreshing drink.@ The author also asserts the beans were made into Asyrup, beverages and a ground meal called pinole.@]

    2004d           Hammer mill urns mesquite pods into flour. Nourishing News, Winter, p. 8. Tucson, Community Food Bank. [This illustrated article about a hammer mill used to pound dried mesquite pods into flour notes that the machine was used on the San Xavier Cooperative Farm in the San Xavier District of the Tohono O=odham Nation to process Pima wheat into flour. Tohono O=odham students from the Ha:San Preparatory High School as well as members of the San Xavier Cooperative Farm were present when the mill was demonstrated in Tucson on December 9, 2003.]

    2004e           Indian art. The tradition lives on. Arizona Highways , Vol. 80, no. 8 (August), pp. 6-7. Phoenix, Arizona Department of Transportation. [Accompanied by color photos of baskets, this is a brief introduction to a section of the magazine devoted to Tohono O=odham horsehair baskets, Pima basket makers, and Navajo rug weavers.]

    2004f            Where=d you get the hat? Arizona Highways, Vol. 80, no. 5 (May), p. 3. Phoenix, Arizona Department of Transportation. [This is a brief article about devil=s claw, the plant used by Tohono O=odham basketmakers for the black designs in their work.]

Anson, C.L.

    1978             Papago food production project. Proceedings and Papers of the International Conference on Women and Food, Vol. 3, pp. B31-B34. Washington, D.C., Agency for International Development and Consortium for International Development. [AThe indigenous system of food production, distribution, and consumption of the rural Papago of southern Arizona has broken down due to a variety of factors. Strategies for improving food conditions are enumerated.@]

Antone, Bernadette; Lonnie Arvicio, Francina Campillo, and others

    1974-75       Seeing our people; doing and learning. Sells, Arizona, Education Awareness Program. 54 pp. [This illustrated booklet prepared by the second grade of Papago boys and girls at Indian Oasis School in Sells, Arizona, contains short stories written about the drawings and photographs by the students. Most illustrations and texts deal with the students' parents' professions.]

Antone, Elaine

    1980a           A Papago home / O=odham ha-ki. In Tohonno O=odham ha cegtoidag c ha=icu a:ga, p. 17. Waitsburg, Washington, Coppei House Publisher for the San Simon School. [English and O=odham versions of a poem about a Papago home where children play, mother cooks, and father works.]

    1980b           Tas / sun. In Tohonno O=odham ha cegtoidag c ha=icu a:ga, p. 24. Waitsburg, Washington, Coppei House Publisher for the San Simon School. [O=odham and English versions of a four-word poem about the sun.]

    1982             Tas / sun. In Mat hekid o ju; when it rains [Sun Tracks, Vol. 7], edited by Ofelia Zepeda, pp. 14-15. Tucson, Sun Tracks and the University of Arizona Press. [A reprint of Elaine Antone (1980b).]

Antone, Gus

    1973             [Untitled.] In Arrow V, edited by T.D. Allen, front cover. s.l., The Pacific Grove Press. [An abstract painting in color by this Papago high school senior in the Stewart Indian School in Nevada adorns the cover of this book.]

Antone, Gus; Kathleen Long, Rosilda Manuel, and Patsy Ramon

    1976             Waikk siswat. Kerwo, Arizona, Kerwo Bilingual Project. 23 pp. [Charming drawings go with this Papago text of the European story of the three goats.]

Antone, Gus, and Rosilda Manuel

    1976             Añi añ wud si ha'icu. [Kerwo, Arizona], Kerwo Bilingual Project. 20 pp. ["I am someone," this is a booklet in Papago for Papago children.]

Antone, Marian

     1969            Statement of Miss Marian Antone, student, Indian Oasis Public Schools, Sells, Ariz. In Indian education: Hearings before the Special Subcommittee on Indian Education of the Committee on Labor and Public Welfare, United States Congress, 90th Congress, 1st and 2nd sessions, Part 3, pp. 1018-19. Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office.

Anza, Juan Bautista de [the younger]

    1976a           Anza in Arizona. In Desert documentary: the Spanish years, 1767-1821 [Historical Monograph, no. 4], by Kieran R. McCarty, pp. 5-7. Tucson, Arizona Historical Society. [Writing on September 1, 1767 from the presidio of Tubac in southern Arizona, where he was captain of the presidial company, Anza notes that when he assumed his Apresent command in 1760, my section of the frontier was faced with an uprising of over a thousand Papagos. After launching various campaigns to subjugate them, I attacked them personally on May 10, 1760, and took the lives of Ciprián, their captain, and nine others. All the rest then capitulated and renounced the inconstancy that has been plaguing the Piman nation@ (p. 7).]

    1976b           Building begins at Tucson. In Desert documentary: the Spanish years, 1767-1821 [Historical Monograph, no. 4], by Kieran R. McCarty, pp.16-18. Tucson, Arizona Historical Society. [In writing to Sonoran governor Juan de Pineda from Tubac in May, 1770, Anza the younger notes that he was able to persuade the O=odham of Tucson and Bac to hold their ground and not move northward to the Gila River and to persuade the Tucson O=odham to build a breastwork, Areplete with gunports@ in the center of their village. He notes that Father Francisco Garcés at San Xavier del Bac had granted the Tucson O=odham Athe full ten bushels of wheat and half the San Xavier harvest@ to sustain them while they worked on the breastworks. And he observes that the San Pedro River Sobaipuris who had been moved to Tucson had not gotten along well with previous (Jesuit) missionaries, but had agreed to stay in Tucson rather than move to the Gila River.]

    1995             [Letter to Viceroy Antonio María Bucareli y Ursúa, written at Tubac, Sonora, October 20, 1775.] In Captain Juan Bautista de Anza B correspondence on various subjects [Antepasados, Vol. 8], transcribed, translated, and indexed by Donald T. Garate, pp. 170-173. San Leandro, California, Los Californianos. [Anza, who was captain of the Spanish presidio at Tubac in the Pimería Alta, tells the viceroy he plans to lead the 1775 expedition of colonists to California via a route directly from Tubac north to the Gila River rather than going west across the Papago country as he had done earlier. AWell, although there is a road more free of Apaches (to the west) and with a savings of more than thirty leagues, we are unable to use it for lack of watering places. I have affirmed this in previous reports, saying that I have taken this route through the Papago Nation between here and the said (Colorado) river. Because of their poverty I will not travel through their country again, so that we will not end up in that situation. Some that are accustomed to these circumstances are found relapsing into their old ways in our converted villages@ (page 172).]

 Also see Bolton, translator and editor, 1930a, b, c, d, e, f, g, and h; Bowman and Heizer, 1967: 50, 100-103. 112-115; Montané Martí 1989; and A.B. Thomas 1932.

Appraisal Associates

    1963             Real estate economic analysis, San Xavier Indian Reservation, Pima County, Arizona. Kansas City, Missouri, Appraisal Associations. Illus. 205 pp. [This analysis, done for the Bureau of Indian Affairs, includes information on economic conditions and land use in the Tucson metropolitan area. The study was carried out at least in part in response to requests by American Smelting and Refining Company to mine copper on the San Xavier Reservation and to use some if its lands as tailings dumps.]

Aranda, Tanya

    2003             More than fry bread. Beyond food booths and a famous church, what is life really like on the San Xavier res? 110°, no. 3 (Summer), pp. 14-18. Tucson, Voices: Community Stories Past & Present, Inc. [Tohono O=odham Aranda, a fifteen-year-old girl who was resident on the San Xavier Indian Reservation for one year, answers her own question through through eight compelling black-and-white photographs, four of which include Mission San Xavier del Bac as part of the imagery, partly belying her thesis. The compositions, however, emphasize people rather than artifacts. A photo of Aranda and a note about her experience in working on this photo essay are on p. 78.]

Arcidi, Philip

    1992             Earthen vessel. Mission San Xavier del Bac preservation. Progressive Architecture, May, pp. 128-133. Cleveland, Reinhold Publishing. [A plan of the church, a longitudinal section, and a section of wall and window accompany this article as do eleven color photos of the exterior and interior of Mission San Xavier del Bac. It is largely focused on work on the structure of church, a task overseen by architect Robert Vint, although work of art conservation in the east transept, overseen by Paul Schwartzbaum, is also included.]

Areche, Joseph Antonio de. See Bolton, translator and editor, 1930i

Arentz, Theodore

    1940             History of the formation of the Province of Santa Barbara from the Chronica Provinciae Sanctae Barbarae. Provincial Annals, Vol. 2, no. 2 (January), pp. 1-7. Santa Barbara, California, [Franciscan] Province of Santa Barbara. [The Franciscan Province of Santa Barbara, California was formed out of the Sacred Heart Province of St. Louis, Missouri, beginning on July 22, 1896, when a California commissariat was formed. The Province of Santa Barbara was authorized in Rome on October 15, 1915, and was formally created on January 19, 1916. This outline history notes that "Missionary labors among Papago Indians commenced in 1980 [sic; should be 1908]," and that among the "new houses with parishes and missions, though small," that "were accepted or founded" included the ASan Xavier del Bac, Tucson, Arizona, residence," 1913.]

Argall, G.O., Jr., editor

    1962             ASARCO's Mission copper. Mining World, Vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 19-42. San Francisco. [This is about the Mission Mine to be operated by the American Smelting and Refining Company at the southern edge of the San Xavier Reservation.]

Ariss, Robert

    1955             Indians of western North America. Science Series, no. 19, Anthropology, no. 1, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County Museum. [Two pages (18-19) are devoted to an overview of the traditional culture of the Pima and Papago Indians. No illustrations.]

Arizona. Commission of Indian Affairs.

    1962             Papago Reservation report [Reservation Report, no. 8]. 20 pp. [Phoenix], Arizona Commission of Indian Affairs. [Topics discussed are Papago tribal government; committees; communications; economics; industry; tourism development; employment; education; health; fish and game; law and order; voting; roads; recreation; and welfare.]

    1966             Survey of the Papago Reservation in education, employment, game and fish, health, roads, voting, welfare, public relations. [Phoenix], Arizona Commission of Indian Affairs. 5 pp. [The description here is based on a 1964 survey.]

    1977             P.L. 93-738: Indian Self-determination and Education Assistance Act. Report of the 4th annual Indian Town Hall, held at Sunrise Park Hotel, White Mountain Apache Reservation, August 30, 31, and September 1, 1976. iii + 65 pp. Phoenix, Arizona Commission of Indian Affairs. [Edited transcripts of discussion held during the meetings include the brief remarks of Max Norris, Vice-Chairman of the Papago Tribe (p. 44). His remarks are largely in the form of thanks to the hosts of the meeting.]

Arizona. Department of Education.

    1979             Curriculum deliberations report, Indian Oasis Teacher Center, summer, 1979. Phoenix, Arizona Department of Education. 166 pp. [The Indian Oasis Teachers Center is in Sells on the Papago Indian Reservation. Deliberations concerned the matter of curricula for Indian Oasis School District #40 on the reservation.]

Arizona. House of Representatives.

    1965             House Joint Memorial No. 5. In Acceptance of the statue of Eusebio Francisco Kino presented byt the State of Arizona. Proceedings in the Rotunda, United States Capitol, February 14, 1965 [House Document, no. 158, 85^th Congress, 1^st session], pp. 8-10. Washington, Government Printing Office. [This joint memorial of the Arizona legislature, approved by the Governor of Arizona on March 9, 1961, urges the Congress of the United States to accept the nomination for Arizona=s second statue in the Hall of Statuary AThe Venerable Father Eusebio Francisco Kino, S.J.@ The resolution spells out the reasons for the nomination, specifically mentioning Kino=s establishing the mission of Guebavi, Tumacacori, and San Xavier del Bac in southern Arizona. His explorations in the Pimería Alta are also outlined.]

Arizona. Legislative Assembly.

    1874             The Territory of Arizona: a brief history and summary. Tucson, printed at the Citizen Office. 38 pp. [Included here is a brief general discussion of the Papagos (p. 35).]

Arizona. Office of Economic Planning and Development. Indian Planning Pogram.

    1980(?)        Ak-Chin tribe needs assessment. Phoenix, Arizona Office of Economic Planning and Development. Maps, illus., bibl. vi + 99 pp. [The Ak-Chin Community is comprised largely of Tohono O=odham.]

Arizona. Office of Economic Planning and Development, and Glen Miller, consultant

    1978             Maricopa Ak-Chin Indian Reservation environmental service study. Illus. v + 30 pp. [This study was carried out on the Ak Chin Reservation whose inhabitants are primarily Tohono O=odham.]

Arizona. Office of Tourism.

    1979             The Spanish legacy. Journal of the West, Vol. 18, no. 1 (January), pp. 89-91. Manhattan, Kansas, Journal of the West, Inc. [Included here are four photos of Mission San Xavier del Bac, one of which shows Father Lucien Pargett, O.F.M., talking to Papago Indian children.]

    1981             Arizona. Has anybody ever seen it all? Phoenix, Arizona Office of Tourism. [This magazine-format tourism promotion makes passing mention of Papago basketry and the Papago Indian Reservation.]

Arizona Daily Star

    1977             The Papago people: at home in the desert. Tucson, The Arizona Daily Star. 40 pp. [This is a special supplement to the Sunday, April 24, 1977 issue of The Arizona Daily Star newspaper. Articles cover the topics of education; tribal government; drought and cattle problems; industries on the reservation; city life; welfare; housing; Mexican Papagos; problems with sonic booms; crime; villages; language; religion; dance; ethnobotany; basketry; medicine men; health care; alcoholism; and bootlegging on the reservation.]

    1978             Tucson's barrios: a view from inside. Tucson, The Arizona Daily Star. 27 pp. [A special report accompanying the July 16, 1978 edition of The Arizona Daily Star. There is mention of the fading away of a six-block Papago barrio in South Tucson known as Papago Ville (p. 17).]

Arizona Writers Project, W.P.A.

    1942             Children of the desert. Arizona Highways, Vol. 18, no. 1 (January), pp. 34-37. Phoenix, Arizona Highway Department. [This broad overview of Papago Indians touches on language; Spanish contact; early history; food; summer and winter camps; agricultural methods; use of wild foods (including details of the saguaro fruit harvest); dwellings; pottery; basket making; clothing; family; medicine; and religion. Two pen-and-ink drawings by Ross Santee illustrate the article.]

Armstrong, Charles P.

    1973             "A quantitative investigation of policies and their associated costs for the clinical management of diabetes mellitus." Ph.D. dissertation, The University of Arizona, Tucson. Bibl. 213 pp. [Presented here is a procedure that can be used to compute the expected annual cost of any treatment or diagnostic policy which might be selected for treatment of diabetes mellitus. Papago Indians who receive their health care from the Sells Service Unit of the Indian Health Service were used in the study.]

Armstrong, Gene

    1987             The festival story. Tucson Guide, Vol. 5, no. 1 (Spring), pp. 50-55. Tucson, Madden Publishing Company. [An article about the annual round of fiestas and pageants held in Tucson includes and account of the San Xavier Fiesta held the first Friday after Easter of each year. Photos of Papago dancers and of Mission San Xavier del Bac are included.]

Armstrong, Jeanne

    1988             Deserts and dreams: the life of Gwyneth Harrington (1894-1978). Journal of the Southwest, Vol. 30, no. 4 (Winter), pp. 522-34. Tucson, University of Arizona Press and the Southwest Center. [Included here is information concerning anthropologist Harrington's field work among Papago Indians in the 1930s and '40s and her marriage to Papago Indian Juan Xavier in 1942.]

Armstrong, Wayne P.

    1980a           A gourmet's guide to unicorns. Desert Magazine, Vol. 43, no. 1 (February), pp. 36-39. Palm Desert, California, Cactus Paperworks, Inc. [An article about the devil's claw plant includes mention of its use by Papago Indians as the black sewing element in coiled basketry. One such basket is illustrated in a color photo.]

    1980b           Sand food: the strange wild vegetable of the Papagos. Desert Magazine, Vol. 43, no. 8 (September), pp. 22-23. Palm Desert, California, Cactus Paperworks, Inc. [About the plant Ammobromo sonorae, the tuberous bulbs of which are eaten by western Papagos.]

Arnold, Elliott

    1976             The Camp Grant Massacre. New York, Simon and Schuster. 447 pp. [A highly fictionalized account of the 1871 massacre of a group of Western Apaches settled near Camp Grant, Arizona, by a group from Tucson that included Anglos, Mexicans, and a large contingent of Papagos from San Xavier del Bac. This is a novel and cannot be taken seriously as history.]

Arnold, Lee W.

    1940             "An ecological study of the vertebrate animals of the mesquite forest." Masters thesis, Department of Entomology and Economic Zoology, The University of Arizona, Tucson. Illus., bibl. 79 pp. [This is a study of the vertebrate wildlife along the Santa Cruz River mesquite forest on the San Xavier Papago Indian Reservation. There are discussions of birds, mammals, reptiles (snakes, lizards, turtles), amphibians, history, vegetation, influence of seasons, etc. Good photos included.]

Arnold, Oren

    1966             Lost treasure of the padres. Empire Magazine, December 18, pp. 8-9. Denver, The Denver Post. [Arnold presents legends and fabricated tales about treasures at Mission Tumacacori as if they were fact. He asserts that the Piman Indians at the mission brought gold, silver, turquoise, agate, ruby, and azurite to the padres. Pure baloney!]

Arriaga, Julián de. See Bolton, translator and editor, 1930j

Arricivita, Juan Domingo

    1792             Crónica Seráfica y Apostólica del Colegio de Propaganda Fide de la Santa Cruz de la Querétaro en la Nueva España. Segunda parte. México. [This history of early Franciscan missionary activity by Franciscans from the College of Querétaro includes many details concerning work by the friars in the Pimería Alta. For example, it's noted that at Oquitoa, Atí, Tubutama, Sáric, Cocóspera, Tumacácori and Bac, adobe houses were built for all the Indians and the towns were walled to protect them from assaults by Apaches. Father Francisco Garcés built a church in Tucson, including a residence for a priest (p. 448). Neophyte Pimans are also credited with having built the churches of Pitiquito, Tubutama, San Ignacio, San Xavier, Sáric, and Tucson, "todos de ladrillo y bovedas" ("all with fired bricks and vaulted roofs"), and with having rebuilt and roofed those of Tumacácori, Cocóspera, and Calabazas (p. 488).]

    1996             Apostolic Chronicle of Juam Domingo Arricivita: The Franciscan mission frontier in the eighteenth century in Arizona, Texas, and the Californias. Two volumes. Translated by George P. Hammond and Agapito Rey; revised and indexed by Vivian C. Fisher, with an introduction and notes by W. Michael Mathes. Berkeley, California, Academy of American Franciscan History. Bibl., index. xxxiv + 413; ix + 404. [Scattered throughout Volume 2 is what amounts to a history of Franciscan activities in the Pimería Alta from 1768 to ca. 1792. Consult the index under "Pápagos," "Pimas," "Pimería Alta," and under the names of individual mission communities.]

Arriquibar, Pedro A. de

    1970             [See K.S. Collins (1970)]

Arthur D. Little, Inc.

    1975             EMCRO, an evaluation of Experimental Medical Care Review Organizations, evaluation of the Sells EMCRO, Office of Research and Development, Indian Health Service, Tucson, Arizona: a case study, final report. Hyattsville, Maryland, National Center for Health Services Research, Division of Health Services Evaluation (Springfield, Virginia, reproduced by National Technical Information Service). Illus., map. vi + 181 pp. [This exists in microfiche format issued by NITS in 1977 as "PB-273 337" and "NCHSR 77-179."]

Arthur, Chester A.

    1886             Executive Orders relating to Indian reservations. Annual Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1886, pp. 292-380. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office. [The text of Executive Order of December 12, 1882 that created the Papago Indian Reservation at Gila Bend, Arizona, is on p. 294.]

Arthur, Timothy, compiler

    1991             Santa Barbara fioretti: stories from the friary. Santa Barbara, California, GEC Research Press. Index. vi + 112 pp. [Included here are many vignettes by and about Franciscan friars who served at various times in the 20th century among Papago Indians in missions on the Papago Indian Reservation, including Mission San Xavier del Bac.]

Arvicio, Mario

    1982             The not-so-lonely desert. Papago: The Desert People, Vol. 1, no. 1 (January), p. 16. Topawa, Arizona, Topawa Middle School. [A 17-year-old Papago writes about spending time in the desert horesback riding, swimming in wells, driving a truck, and hunting.]

Asch, Connie

    1983             Papago Indian coloring book. Tucson, Treasure Chest Publications, Inc. 30 pp. [Asch is the artist who has drawn the pictures of these scenes of traditional (ca. early 1940s rural) life. Alsop see Anonymous 1983e.]

Atencio, Tomás

    1975(?)        A journey in self-reliance: a report on the status of the Papago health programs, 1973-1974. i + 187 pp. s.l., s.n. [This report on the status of Papago managed and administered health programs covers the period June, 1968 through the first few months of 1975.]

Atkins, J.D.C.

    1886             Report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Annual report of the Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1886, pp. III-LV. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office. [Dated September 28, 1886, and written in Washington, D.C., Atkins' second annual report is addressed to the Secretary of the Interior. He renews a request that an agent be placed on the Papago Reservation (at San Xavier), and there is mention of continued trouble between Indians and settlers at San Xavier (p. XLII).]

Attwell, Walter G.

    1937             "The excavation of Father Kino's second church and the development of the missions in Pimeria Alta." Master's thesis, University of Arizona, Tucson. Map, illus., bibl. 200 pp. [This thesis concerns archaeological excavations at Mission San José de Tumacácori, and contains scattered references to Mission San Xavier del Bac. (The thesis is presumably based on the archaeological work of Paul Beaubien.)]

Audubon, John W.

    1906             Audubon's western journal: 1849-1850. Being the ms. record of a trip from New York to Texas, and an overland journey through Mexico & Arizona to the gold-fields of California. Cleveland, The Arthur H. Clark Company. Maps, illus., index. 249 pp. [John Audubon traveled from south to north across the Papaguería in September, 1849 on a route that took him from Altar, Sonora north to Zoñi, Sonora, and on to the Gila River. This part of his account, one in which he makes frequent mention of the Indians, is on pp. 147-152.]

    1969             Audubon's western journal: 1849-1850. Being the ms. record of a trip from New York to Texas, and an overland journey through Mexico & Arizona to the gold-fields of California. Glorieta, New Mexico, The Rio Grande Press. [A facsimile reprint, with a publisher's preface to this edition by Robert B. McCoy and John Strachan, of Audubon (1906).]

    1984             Audubon's western journal: 1849-1850. Being the ms. record of a trip from New York to Texas, and an overland journey through Mexico & Arizona to the gold-fields of California. Tucson, The University of Arizona Press. [A facsimile reprint of Audubon (1906).]

    1995             San Felipe to Santa Ysabel route: the journal of John W. Audubon. In Gold rush desert trails to San Diego and Los Angeles in 1849, edited by George M. Ellis [Brand Book, no. 9], pp. 86-92. San Diego, San Diego Corral of the Westerners. [Audubon's 1849 trek from Philadelphia to California took him through Altar, Sonora, and north across the Papago country to the Gila River. The part of his journal reproduced here begins west of the Pima villages on the Colorado River, although he makes mention of having been at Altar. Also see Audubon (1906) and Bachman (1995).]

Aulick, Henry P.

    1898             Spanish missions in Arizona, past and present. Overland Monthly, 2nd series, Vol. 32, no. 190 (October), pp. 299-312. San Francisco, s.n.. [Mission San Xavier del Bac is on pages 302, 304, 309, and 311.]

Austin, Judith

    1978             Review of I am the fire of time: the voices of Native American women, edited by Jane B. Katz. American West, Vol. 15, no. 4 (July/August), p. 51. Cupertino, California, American West Publishing Company. [This review is accompanied by a photo of a "Quhatika (i.e., Kohatk Papago) girl" taken by Edward S. Curtis in 1907.]

Austin, Mary

    1922             Papago Kid; a story of the white bean country. The Bookman, Vol. 45, no. 2 (June), pp. 359-66. s.l., George H. Doran Company. Illus. [This is a fictional story about a Black Irish youth called "Papago Kid." It takes place in the Papaguería.]

    1924                                     The land of journeys' ending. New York and London, The Century Company. Map, illus. 459 pp. [References to O'odham as follows: "daub-and-wattle huts of the Pimas and Sobaipuris" presumably seen by Fray Marcos de Niza in 1539 (p. 12); distribution of palo verde trees in the Papaguería (pp. 50-52); use of bear grass in baskets and the Papago "Inner Bone month" of winter (p. 53); Papago house (p. 54); tradition that Papago babies are kept fat so they won't drift skyward and Papago boys' catching deer bare handed (p. 62); houses in the Papaguería (p. 65); postulation of the relationship among Pimas, Papagos, and Hohokam, in which the latter were the "culturally advanced" great house builders, while the Pimas and Papagos were the rurales, or farmers (p. 97); distribution of saguaros in the Papaguería (p. 121); use by Papagos of saguaro ribs for houses and graves (p. 122); a toppled saguaro between Indian Oasis and Topawa, and Kino's founding of Mission San Xavier (p. 123); saguaro fruit harvest, saguaro syrup jars, Cobabi, Quitovaquita (p. 125); saguaro fruit harvest (p. 125); Papagos and the Papaguería (pp. 141-56), including the children's shrine (pen-and-ink illustration, p. 141), burial customs (p. 144), pottery making (p. 146), Camino del Diablo and Sand Papagos (p. 148), Papagos at their summer home (pen-and-ink illustration, p. 149), Cobabi and medicine men and seasonal movement (p. 150), houses (p. 151), saguaro fruit harvest (p. 152), wine feast (pp. 152-53), cattle and drought (pp. 155-56), salt gathering (p. 158), children's shrine (pp. 159-61), drought and dead cattle and basketry and a shrine at Cobabi (p. 161), and the chapel at Cobabi (p. 162). Also: camels in Papago country (p. 228); Baboquivari Peak (pen-and-ink illustration, p. 373); sacred Baboquivari Peak and Elder Brother's cave (pp. 381-82); a tinaja at the base of Baboquivari Peak from which women get water to be used in making wine for the wine feast (p. 382); and Pimas and Sobaipuris of San Xavier del Bac and of fathers Kino and Garcés.]

    1933                                     Papago wedding. The Golden Book Magazine, Vol. 17, no. 99 (March), pp. 262-64. New York, The Review of Reviews Corporation. [A short story about a Papago woman from Pantak (Coyote Village) who marries a white man after she has borne him five children.]

    1934a                                   Papago Kid. In One Smoke stories, by Mary Austin, pp. 63-82. Boston and New York, Houghton Mifflin Company. [See Austin (1922).]

    1934b                                   Papago wedding. In One Smoke stories, by Mary Austin, pp. 243-49. Boston and New York, Houghton Mifflin Company. [See Austin (1933).]

    1935                                     Papago wedding. In Great American short stories: O'Henry Memorial Prize-winning stories, 1919-1934, pp. 377-80. Garden City, New York, Doubleday, Doran & Company, Inc. [See Austin (1933).]

    1983                                     The land of journeys' ending. Introduction by Larry Evers. Tucson, The University of Arizona Press. Illus. xxix + 459 pp. [With an added introduction, this is otherwise a reprint of Austin (1924).]

    1992                                     Papago wedding. In Arizona humoresque: a century of Arizona humor, edited by C.L. Sonnichsen, pp. 89-92. Gretna, Louisiana, Pelican Publishing Company, Inc. [A reprint of Austin (1933).]

Austin-Foust Associates, Inc.

    1984             San Xavier planned community traffic analysis. Draft environmental impact statement (EIS): proposed lease of Papago community lands, (San Xavier District), facilitating development of the San Xavier/Tucson planned community along Interstate 19, Pima County, Arizona, Appendix I. Santa Ana, California, Austin-Foust Associates, Inc. 85 pp. [A report of possible transportation patterns within a proposed non-Indian community in the southeastern segment of the San Xavier Reservation. Chapter headings include transportation concept; trip generation; traffic volumes and capacity needs; and traffic impacts. Appendices included.]

Aw=o=tahm Ah=pa=tac. A monthly news bulletin B the mimeographed equivalent of a reservation newspaper B published by the United States Department of the Interior, Indian Field Service, Sells, Agency, Arizona. The publication began with Volume 1, number 1 in January, 1935 and concluded with volume 8 in 1942..

Ayer, Eleanor H.

    1990             Indians of Arizona: a guide to Arizona's heritage. Frederick, Colorado, Renaissance House, a division of Jende-Hagan, Inc. Map, illus. 48 pp. [Each of Arizona's Indian reservations is described in thumbnail fashion and with at least one colored photograph. Three pages and four color photos, including one of Mission San Xavier del Bac, cover the Tohono O'odham. The booklet is directed toward tourists and is a part of the "Arizona Traveler Guidbebooks" series of the publisher.]

Ayres, James E.

    1970             An early historic burial from the village of Bac. Kiva, Vol. 36, no. 2 (Winter), pp. 44-48. Tucson, Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society. [Report on a burial found in 1970 in the village of Bac on the San Xavier Indian Reservation that was accompanied, among other things, by a polychrome Hopi bowl dated ca. A.D. 1700 -- suggesting trade relations between O'odham and Hopi at the time. Illus., bibl.]

    1971             Man -- the desert farmer. Proceedings of the 1971 meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section, April 22-23, 1971, Vol. 1, pp. 373-79. Tempe, Arizona Academy of Sciences. [Ayres mentions Papago utilization of the Ak Chin method of agriculture (p. 377).]

    1984             The Anglo period in archaeological and historical perspective. Kiva, Vol. 49, nos. 3-4 (Spring-Summer), pp. 225-32. Tucson, Arizona Archaeological and Historical Society. [Included here is a discussion of archaeology carried out in post-1856 sites in the Tucson Basin, including work on the San Xavier Indian Reservation in such sites, notably at Punta de Agua. Ayres also alludes to studies done by him concerning the nature of the relationship in Tucson between Anglos and Papagos.]

    1993a           J.C. Harrington Medal in Historical Archaeology: Bernard L. Fontana 1993. Historical Archaeology, Vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 1-3. Tucson, Society for Historical Archaeology. [Mention is made of Fontana's co-authorship of Papago Indian Pottery.]

    1993b           Southwest. Newsletter of the Society for Historical Archaeology, Vol. 26, no. 2 (June), pp. 20-22. Tucson, Society for Historical Archaeology. [Reported on here is preparation of a final report on archaeological survey conducted by Statistical Research of Tucson, Arizona, which in part covers the eastern Papaguería, and of archaeological excavation by Desert Archaeology, Inc. which uncovered part of the Presidio de San Agustín del Tucson's late 18th and early 19th-century cemetery which, presumably, included remains of Tohono O'odham. The latter were turned over to the Tohono O'odham for repatriation.]

    2002             Agua Caliente: the life of a Southern Arizona ranch. Journal of Arizona History, Vol. 43, no. 4 (Winter), pp. 309-342. Tucson, Arizona Historical Society. [Referring in 1872 to a proposed new resort at Agua Caliente (AHot Springs@), the Tucson Citizen opined, Ait will be a blessed accomplishment and break up the stereotyped visits to San Xavier.@ The article also notes that a Canadian, Philip H. Chambers, who once owned the Agua Caliente, actively located claims and engaged in other mining activity in the Papago and other districts between 1888 and 1900.]